1
|
Kerfeld CA, Sutter M. Orange carotenoid proteins: structural understanding of evolution and function. Trends Biochem Sci 2024:S0968-0004(24)00110-5. [PMID: 38789305 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria uniquely contain a primitive water-soluble carotenoprotein, the orange carotenoid protein (OCP). Nearly all extant cyanobacterial genomes contain genes for the OCP or its homologs, implying an evolutionary constraint for cyanobacteria to conserve its function. Genes encoding the OCP and its two constituent structural domains, the N-terminal domain, helical carotenoid proteins (HCPs), and its C-terminal domain, are found in the most basal lineages of extant cyanobacteria. These three carotenoproteins exemplify the importance of the protein for carotenoid properties, including protein dynamics, in response to environmental changes in facilitating a photoresponse and energy quenching. Here, we review new structural insights for these carotenoproteins and situate the role of the protein in what is currently understood about their functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Kerfeld
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Markus Sutter
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Roncero-Ramos B, Savaglia V, Durieu B, Van de Vreken I, Richel A, Wilmotte A. Ecophysiological and genomic approaches to cyanobacterial hardening for restoration. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024; 60:465-482. [PMID: 38373045 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria inhabit extreme environments, including drylands, providing multiple benefits to the ecosystem. Soil degradation in warm drylands is increasing due to land use intensification. Restoration methods adapted to the extreme stress in drylands are being developed, such as cyanobacteria inoculation to recover biocrusts. For this type of restoration method to be a success, it is crucial to optimize the survival of inoculated cyanobacteria in the field. One strategy is to harden them to be acclimated to stressful conditions after laboratory culturing. Here, we analyzed the genome and ecophysiological response to osmotic desiccation and UVR stresses of an Antarctic cyanobacterium, Stenomitos frigidus ULC029, which is closely related to other cyanobacteria from warm and cold dryland soils. Chlorophyll a concentrations showed that preculturing ULC029 under moderate osmotic stress improved its survival during an assay of desiccation plus rehydration under UVR. Additionally, its sequential exposure to these stress factors increased the production of exopolysaccharides, carotenoids, and scytonemin. Desiccation, but not osmotic stress, increased the concentrations of the osmoprotectants trehalose and sucrose. However, osmotic stress might induce the production of other osmoprotectants, for which the complete pathways were observed in the ULC029 genome. In total, 140 genes known to be involved in stress resistance were annotated. Here, we confirm that the sequential application of moderate osmotic stress and dehydration could improve cyanobacterial hardening for soil restoration by inducing several resistance mechanisms. We provide a high-quality genome of ULC029 and a description of the main resistance mechanisms (i.e., production of exopolysaccharides, osmoprotectants, chlorophyll, and carotenoids; DNA repair; and oxidative stress protection).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Roncero-Ramos
- InBios-Molecular Diversity and Ecology of Cyanobacteria, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Valentina Savaglia
- InBios-Molecular Diversity and Ecology of Cyanobacteria, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Protistology & Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benoit Durieu
- InBios-Molecular Diversity and Ecology of Cyanobacteria, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Aurore Richel
- TERRA-Biomass and Green Technologies, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Annick Wilmotte
- InBios-Molecular Diversity and Ecology of Cyanobacteria, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Srivastava A, Thapa S, Chakdar H, Babele PK, Shukla P. Cyanobacterial myxoxanthophylls: biotechnological interventions and biological implications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:63-77. [PMID: 36137567 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2117682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria safeguard their photosynthetic machinery from oxidative damage caused by adverse environmental factors such as high-intensity light. Together with many photoprotective compounds, they contain myxoxanthophylls, a rare group of glycosidic carotenoids containing a high number of conjugated double bonds. These carotenoids have been shown to: have strong photoprotective effects, contribute to the integrity of the thylakoid membrane, and upregulate in cyanobacteria under a variety of stress conditions. However, their metabolic potential has not been fully utilized in the stress biology of cyanobacteria and the pharmaceutical industry due to a lack of mechanistic understanding and their insufficient biosynthesis. This review summarizes current knowledge on: biological function, genetic regulation, biotechnological production, and pharmaceutical potential of myxoxanthophyll, with a focus on strain engineering and parameter optimization strategies for increasing their cellular content. The summarized knowledge can be utilized in cyanobacterial metabolic engineering to improve the stress tolerance of useful strains and enhance the commercial-scale synthesis of myxoxanthophyll for pharmaceutical uses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States of America
| | - Shobit Thapa
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, India
| | - Hillol Chakdar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, India
| | | | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gaur V, Bera S. Microbial canthaxanthin: an orange-red keto carotenoid with potential pharmaceutical applications. BIOTECHNOLOGIA 2023; 104:315-328. [PMID: 37850112 PMCID: PMC10578118 DOI: 10.5114/bta.2023.130733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Canthaxanthin is an orange-red keto-carotenoid that occurs naturally and is also manufactured by synthetic methods for regular applications. In nature, canthaxanthin mainly exists in microbes such as different bacterial species, fungi, and algae, as well as in animals such as crustaceans, certain fishes, and birds. However, the amount of canthaxanthin produced in these organisms varies significantly. Additionally, the compound can be generated from genetically modified organisms using genetic engineering techniques Canthaxanthin finds extensive application as an additive in animal feed, in the pharmaceutical industry, as a coloring agent for various food products, and in cosmetics. It has powerful antioxidant properties and plays a role in lipid metabolism, neuroprotection, and immunomodulation. This article gives an extensive insight into the structure and methods of synthesis of canthaxanthin along with its various newly discovered sources identified so far. The significant applications of canthaxanthin, particularly its role in pharmaceuticals, are critically evaluated. Furthermore, the article discusses future aspects and challenges associated with canthaxanthin production and regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Gaur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Surojit Bera
- Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zarekarizi A, Hoffmann L, Burritt DJ. The potential of manipulating light in the commercial production of carotenoids from algae. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
|
6
|
Li C, Zhang X, Ye T, Li X, Wang G. Protection and Damage Repair Mechanisms Contributed To the Survival of Chroococcidiopsis sp. Exposed To a Mars-Like Near Space Environment. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0344022. [PMID: 36453906 PMCID: PMC9769825 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03440-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chroococcidiopsis spp. can withstand extremely harsh environments, including a Mars-like environment. However, studies are lacking on the molecular mechanisms of Chroococcidiopsis sp. surviving in Mars-like environments. In the HH-21-5 mission, the desert cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis sp. was exposed to a Mars-like environment (near space; 35 km altitude) for 4 h, and a single-factor environment of near space was simulated on the ground. We investigated the survival and endurance mechanisms of Chroococcidiopsis sp. ASB-02 after exposing it to near space by studying its physiological and transcriptional properties. After the exposure, Chroococcidiopsis sp. ASB-02 exhibited high cell viability, although photosystem II activity decreased and the levels of reactive oxygen species increased. The single-factor simulation experiments revealed that for the survival of Chroococcidiopsis sp. ASB-02 in near space, UV radiation was the most important limiting factor, and it was followed by temperature. The near space environment triggered multiple metabolic pathway responses in Chroococcidiopsis sp. ASB-02. The upregulation of extracellular polysaccharides as well as carotenoid and scytonemin biosynthesis genes in response to UV radiation attenuated the extent of radiation reaching the cells. At the same time, genes related to protein synthesis were upregulated in response to the low temperature, overcoming the decrease in metabolic activity that was caused by the low temperature. In near space and after rehydration, the genes involved in various DNA and photosystem II repair pathways were upregulated. This reflected the damage to the DNA and photosystem II protein subunits in cells during the flight and suggested that repair mechanisms play an important role in the recovery of Chroococcidiopsis sp. ASB-02. IMPORTANCE This study reported that the protective and repair mechanisms of Chroococcidiopsis sp. ASB-02 contributed to its endurance ability in a Mars-like near space environment. In Chroococcidiopsis sp. ASB-02, a Mars-like near space environment activated the expression of genes involved in extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), carotenoid, scytonemin, and protein syntheses, which provided additional protection. Additionally, the cell damage repair process enhanced the recovery rate of Chroococcidiopsis sp. ASB-02 after the flight. This study will help to enhance the understanding of the tolerance mechanism of Chroococcidiopsis sp. and to provide important guidance as to the survival requirements for microbial life in a Mars-like environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Ye
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Metabolic composition of the cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum as a function of culture time: A 1H NMR metabolomics study. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
8
|
Srivastava A, Kalwani M, Chakdar H, Pabbi S, Shukla P. Biosynthesis and biotechnological interventions for commercial production of microalgal pigments: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 352:127071. [PMID: 35351568 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic eukaryotes that serve as microbial cell factories for the production of useful biochemicals, including pigments. These pigments are eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic dyes and reduce environmental and health risks. They also exhibit excellent anti-oxidative properties, making them a useful commodity in the nutrition and pharmaceutical industries. Light-harvesting pigments such as chlorophylls and phycobilins, and photoprotective carotenoids are some of the most common microalgal pigments. The increasing demand for these pigments in industrial applications has prompted a need to improve their metabolic yield in microalgal cells. So far, expensive cultivation methods and sensitivity to microbial contamination remain the main obstacles to the large-scale production of these pigments. This review highlights current issues and future prospects related to the production of microalgal pigments. The review also emphasizes the use of engineering approaches such as genetic engineering, and optimization of media components and physical parameters to increase their commercial-scale production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mohneesh Kalwani
- School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India; Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Hillol Chakdar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh 275103, India
| | - Sunil Pabbi
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dietsch M, Behle A, Westhoff P, Axmann IM. Metabolic engineering of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 for the photoproduction of the sesquiterpene valencene. Metab Eng Commun 2021; 13:e00178. [PMID: 34466381 PMCID: PMC8382996 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2021.e00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are extremely adaptable, fast-growing, solar-powered cell factories that, like plants, are able to convert carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen and thereby produce a large number of important compounds. Due to their unique phototrophy-associated physiological properties, i.e. naturally occurring isoprenoid metabolic pathway, they represent a highly promising platform for terpenoid biosynthesis. Here, we implemented a carefully devised engineering strategy to boost the biosynthesis of commercially attractive plant sequiterpenes, in particular valencene. Sesquiterpenes are a diverse group of bioactive metabolites, mainly produced in higher plants, but with often low concentrations and expensive downstream extraction. In this work we successfully demonstrate a multi-component engineering approach towards the photosynthetic production of valencene in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. First, we improved the flux towards valencene by markerless genomic deletions of shc and sqs. Secondly, we downregulated the formation of carotenoids, which are essential for viability of the cell, using CRISPRi on crtE. Finally, we intended to increase the spatial proximity of the two enzymes, ispA and CnVS, involved in valencene formation by creating an operon construct, as well as a fusion protein. Combining the most successful strategies resulted in a valencene production of 19 mg/g DCW in Synechocystis. In this work, we have devised a useful platform for future engineering steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Dietsch
- Institute for Synthetic Microbiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Behle
- Institute for Synthetic Microbiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Westhoff
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolomics Laboratory, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ilka M. Axmann
- Institute for Synthetic Microbiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Roca M, Pérez-Gálvez A. Metabolomics of Chlorophylls and Carotenoids: Analytical Methods and Metabolome-Based Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1622. [PMID: 34679756 PMCID: PMC8533378 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls and carotenoids are two families of antioxidants present in daily ingested foods, whose recognition as added-value ingredients runs in parallel with the increasing number of demonstrated functional properties. Both groups include a complex and vast number of compounds, and extraction and analysis methods evolved recently to a modern protocol. New methodologies are more potent, precise, and accurate, but their application requires a better understanding of the technical and biological context. Therefore, the present review compiles the basic knowledge and recent advances of the metabolomics of chlorophylls and carotenoids, including the interrelation with the primary metabolism. The study includes material preparation and extraction protocols, the instrumental techniques for the acquisition of spectroscopic and spectrometric properties, the workflows and software tools for data pre-processing and analysis, and the application of mass spectrometry to pigment metabolomics. In addition, the review encompasses a critical description of studies where metabolomics analyses of chlorophylls and carotenoids were developed as an approach to analyzing the effects of biotic and abiotic stressors on living organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Pérez-Gálvez
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Building 46, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu C, Hu B, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Yao W, Qian H. Carotenoids from fungi and microalgae: A review on their recent production, extraction, and developments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125398. [PMID: 34139560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The demand for carotenoids from natural sources obtained by biological extraction methods is increasing with the development of biotechnology and the continued awareness of food safety. Natural plant-derived carotenoids have a relatively high production cost and are affected by the season, while microbial-derived carotenoids are favored due to their natural, high-efficiency, low production cost, and ease of industrialization. This article reviewed the following aspects of natural carotenoids derived from microorganisms: (1) the structures and properties of main carotenoids; (2) fungal and microalgal sources of the main carotenoids; (3) influencing factors and modes of improvement for carotenoids production; (4) efficient extraction methods for carotenoids; and (5) the commercial value of carotenoids. This review provided a reference and guidance for the development of natural carotenoids derived from microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pagels F, Vasconcelos V, Guedes AC. Carotenoids from Cyanobacteria: Biotechnological Potential and Optimization Strategies. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050735. [PMID: 34063485 PMCID: PMC8156961 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are tetraterpenoids molecules present in all photosynthetic organisms, responsible for better light-harvesting and energy dissipation in photosynthesis. In cyanobacteria, the biosynthetic pathway of carotenoids is well described, and apart from the more common compounds (e.g., β-carotene, zeaxanthin, and echinenone), specific carotenoids can also be found, such as myxoxanthophyll. Moreover, cyanobacteria have a protein complex called orange carotenoid protein (OCP) as a mechanism of photoprotection. Although cyanobacteria are not the organism of choice for the industrial production of carotenoids, the optimisation of their production and the evaluation of their bioactive capacity demonstrate that these organisms may indeed be a potential candidate for future pigment production in a more environmentally friendly and sustainable approach of biorefinery. Carotenoids-rich extracts are described as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumoral agents and are proposed for feed and cosmetical industries. Thus, several strategies for the optimisation of a cyanobacteria-based bioprocess for the obtention of pigments were described. This review aims to give an overview of carotenoids from cyanobacteria not only in terms of their chemistry but also in terms of their biotechnological applicability and the advances and the challenges in the production of such compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pagels
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (F.P.); (V.V.)
- FCUP—Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (F.P.); (V.V.)
- FCUP—Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Guedes
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (F.P.); (V.V.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Postharvest UV-B and Photoperiod with Blue + Red LEDs as Strategies to Stimulate Carotenogenesis in Bell Peppers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11093736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Our objective was to evaluate carotenoid accumulation in bell peppers during shelf life under different light conditions. Methods: Fruit stored for 6 d at 7 °C received a 9 kJ m−2 UV-B treatment, while non-UV-treated were used as control (CTRL). Subsequently, all peppers were disposed for a retail sale period of 4 d at 20 °C with a photoperiod of 14 h under fluorescent light (FL) + 10 h under darkness (D), FL, or blue + red LEDs (BR LED). Results: Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was increased by the UV-B treatment and the photoperiods supplemented with FL and BR LED, which was directly related to the carotenoid content. In fact, CTRL peppers (225 mg β-carotene kg−1) under FL+BR LED showed an increase of ~33% of 13-cis-β-carotene, ~24% of all-trans-β-carotene, and ~27.5% of 9-cis-β-carotene compared to FL + D and FL + FL. Capsaicinoids showed an increase by ~22%, ~38%, and ~27% in the content of capsanthin, capsanthin laurate, and capsanthin esters, respectively, after the UV-B treatment, which was even enhanced after the LED-supplemented photoperiod by ~18% compared to FL+D. Conclusions: Illumination with BR LEDs + UV-B during the retail sale period nights is recommended to increase the bioactive content of bell peppers via carotenoid accumulation to 270 mg β-carotene kg−1.
Collapse
|
14
|
Varasteh T, Hamerski L, Tschoeke D, Lima AS, Garcia G, Cosenza CAN, Thompson C, Thompson F. Conserved Pigment Profiles in Phylogenetically Diverse Symbiotic Bacteria Associated with the Corals Montastraea cavernosa and Mussismilia braziliensis. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 81:267-277. [PMID: 32681284 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pigmented bacterial symbionts play major roles in the health of coral holobionts. However, there is scarce knowledge on the diversity of these microbes for several coral species. To gain further insights into holobiont health, pigmented bacterial isolates of Fabibacter pacificus (Bacteroidetes; n = 4), Paracoccus marcusii (Alphaproteobacteria; n = 1), and Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis (Gammaproteobacteria; n = 1) were obtained from the corals Mussismilia braziliensis and Montastraea cavernosa in Abrolhos Bank, Brazil. Cultures of these bacterial symbionts produced strong antioxidant activity (catalase, peroxidase, and oxidase). To explore these bacterial isolates further, we identified their major pigments by HPLC and mass spectrometry. The six phylogenetically diverse symbionts had similar pigment patterns and produced myxol and keto-carotene. In addition, similar carotenoid gene clusters were confirmed in the whole genome sequences of these symbionts, which reinforce their antioxidant potential. This study highlights the possible roles of bacterial symbionts in Montastraea and Mussismilia holobionts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Varasteh
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Lidilhone Hamerski
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Diogo Tschoeke
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Arthur Silva Lima
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Gizele Garcia
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-599, Brazil
- Departamento de Ensino de Graduação, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Campus UFRJ - Macaé Professor Aloisio Teixeira, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 27930-480, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane Thompson
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Thompson
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-599, Brazil.
- SAGE - COPPE, Centro de Gestão Tecnológica - CT2, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Super-Earths, M Dwarfs, and Photosynthetic Organisms: Habitability in the Lab. Life (Basel) 2020; 11:life11010010. [PMID: 33374408 PMCID: PMC7823553 DOI: 10.3390/life11010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In a few years, space telescopes will investigate our Galaxy to detect evidence of life, mainly by observing rocky planets. In the last decade, the observation of exoplanet atmospheres and the theoretical works on biosignature gasses have experienced a considerable acceleration. The most attractive feature of the realm of exoplanets is that 40% of M dwarfs host super-Earths with a minimum mass between 1 and 30 Earth masses, orbital periods shorter than 50 days, and radii between those of the Earth and Neptune (1–3.8 R⊕). Moreover, the recent finding of cyanobacteria able to use far-red (FR) light for oxygenic photosynthesis due to the synthesis of chlorophylls d and f, extending in vivo light absorption up to 750 nm, suggests the possibility of exotic photosynthesis in planets around M dwarfs. Using innovative laboratory instrumentation, we exposed different cyanobacteria to an M dwarf star simulated irradiation, comparing their responses to those under solar and FR simulated lights. As expected, in FR light, only the cyanobacteria able to synthesize chlorophyll d and f could grow. Surprisingly, all strains, both able or unable to use FR light, grew and photosynthesized under the M dwarf generated spectrum in a similar way to the solar light and much more efficiently than under the FR one. Our findings highlight the importance of simulating both the visible and FR light components of an M dwarf spectrum to correctly evaluate the photosynthetic performances of oxygenic organisms exposed under such an exotic light condition.
Collapse
|
16
|
Malo ME, Schultzhaus Z, Frank C, Romsdahl J, Wang Z, Dadachova E. Transcriptomic and genomic changes associated with radioadaptation in Exophiala dermatitidis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:196-205. [PMID: 33425251 PMCID: PMC7772362 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exophiala dermatitidis is a constitutively melanized yeast that is highly resistant to ionizing radiation. We analyzed the genome and transcriptomes of E. dermatitidis strains adapted to chronic ionizing radiation exposure. Radioadaptation induces transcriptomic but few genomic changes in E. dermatitidis. Radioadaptation also results in an altered transcriptomic response to subsequent ionizing radiation exposure. This regulation involves downregulation of basal metabolic processes and upregulation of translation and DNA repair.
Melanized fungi have been isolated from some of the harshest radioactive environments, and their ability to thrive in these locations is in part due to the pigment melanin. Melanin imparts a selective advantage to fungi by providing a physical shield, a chemical shield, and possibly a signaling mechanism. In previous work we demonstrated that protracted exposure of the melanized yeast Exophiala dermatitidis to mixed alpha-, beta-, and gamma-emitting radiation resulted in an adapted strain able to mount a unique response to ionizing radiation in the environment in a melanin-dependent fashion. By exploring the genome and transcriptome of this adapted melanized strain relative to a non-irradiated control we determined the altered response was transcriptomic in nature, as whole genome sequencing revealed limited variation. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that of the adapted isolates analyzed, two lineages existed: one like the naïve, non-adapted strain, and one with a unique transcriptomic signature that exhibited downregulation of metabolic processes, and upregulation of translation-associated genes. Analysis of differential gene expression in the adapted strain showed an overlap in response between the control conditions and reactive oxygen species conditions, whereas exposure to an alpha particle source resulted in a robust downregulation of metabolic processes and upregulation of DNA replication and repair genes, and RNA metabolic processes. This suggest previous exposure to radiation primes the fungus to respond to subsequent exposures in a unique way. By exploring this unique response, we have expanded our knowledge of how melanized fungi interact with and respond to ionizing radiation in their environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie E Malo
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Zachary Schultzhaus
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Connor Frank
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Jillian Romsdahl
- National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associate, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ekaterina Dadachova
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Saskatoon, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Llewellyn CA, Greig C, Silkina A, Kultschar B, Hitchings MD, Farnham G. Mycosporine-like amino acid and aromatic amino acid transcriptome response to UV and far-red light in the cyanobacterium Chlorogloeopsis fritschii PCC 6912. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20638. [PMID: 33244119 PMCID: PMC7693272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The "UV sunscreen" compounds, the mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are widely reported in cyanobacteria and are known to be induced under ultra-violet (UV) light. However, the impact of far red (FR) light on MAA biosynthesis has not been studied. We report results from two experiments measuring transcriptional regulation of MAA and aromatic amino acid pathways in the filamentous cyanobacterium Chlorogloeopsis fritschii PCC 6912. The first experiment, comparing UV with white light, shows the expected upregulation of the characteristic MAA mys gene cluster. The second experiment, comparing FR with white light, shows that three genes of the four mys gene cluster encoding up to mycosporine-glycine are also upregulated under FR light. This is a new discovery. We observed corresponding increases in MAAs under FR light using HPLC analysis. The tryptophan pathway was upregulated under UV, with no change under FR. The tyrosine and phenylalanine pathways were unaltered under both conditions. However, nitrate ABC transporter genes were upregulated under UV and FR light indicating increased nitrogen requirement under both light conditions. The discovery that MAAs are upregulated under FR light supports MAAs playing a role in photon dissipation and thermoregulation with a possible role in contributing to Earth surface temperature regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carole A Llewellyn
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Carolyn Greig
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Alla Silkina
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Bethan Kultschar
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | | | - Garry Farnham
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Morillas H, Maguregui M, Gallego-Cartagena E, Marcaida I, Carral N, Madariaga JM. The influence of marine environment on the conservation state of Built Heritage: An overview study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:140899. [PMID: 32721614 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Marine aerosol is a chemical complex system formed by inorganic salts and organic matter, together with airborne particulate matter from the surrounding environment. The primary particles transported in the marine aerosol can experiment different chemical reactions in the atmosphere, promoting the so-called Secondary Marine Aerosol particles. These kinds of particles (nitrates, sulfates, chlorides etc.), together with the natural crustal or mineral particles and the metallic airborne particulate matter emitted by anthropogenic sources (road traffic, industry, etc.) form clusters which then can be deposited on building materials from a specific construction following dry deposition processes. Apart from that, the acid aerosols (e.g. CO2, SO2, NOX, etc.) present in urban-industrial environments, coming also from anthropogenic sources, can be deposited in the buildings following dry or a wet deposition mechanisms. The interactions of these natural and anthropogenic stressors with building materials can promote different kind of pathologies. In this overview, the negative influence of different marine environments (direct or diffuse influence), with or without the influence of an urban-industrial area (direct or diffuse), on the conservation state of historical constructions including a wide variety of building materials (sandstones, limestones, artificial stones, bricks, plasters, cementitious materials, etc.) is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Morillas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain; Department of Didactic of Mathematics and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Maite Maguregui
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 450, 01080 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Euler Gallego-Cartagena
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain; Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 58 #55-66, 080002 Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Iker Marcaida
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nerea Carral
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Madariaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li M, Xia Q, Zhang H, Zhang R, Yang J. Metabolic Engineering of Different Microbial Hosts for Lycopene Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14104-14122. [PMID: 33207118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a result of the extensive use of lycopene in a variety of fields, especially the dietary supplement and health food industries, the production of lycopene has attracted considerable interest. Lycopene can be obtained through extraction from vegetables and chemical synthesis. Alternatively, the microbial production of lycopene has been extensively researched in recent years. Various types of microbial hosts have been evaluated for their potential to accumulate a high level of lycopene. Metabolic engineering of the hosts and optimization of culture conditions are performed to enhance lycopene production. After years of research, great progress has been made in lycopene production. In this review, strategies used to improve lycopene production in different microbial hosts and the advantages and disadvantages of each microbial host are summarized. In addition, future perspectives of lycopene production in different microbial hosts are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meijie Li
- Energy-Rich Compound Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changchen Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Xia
- Energy-Rich Compound Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changchen Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 135 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Rubing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 135 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Energy-Rich Compound Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changchen Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang JJ, Huang W, Li J, Li P, Cheung PCK. Potential advancement of ultraviolet-free solar radiation technology in enriching the nutrient composition and biodiesel feedstock production in marine green microalga Platymonas subcordiformis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|