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Aliyazdi S, Frisch S, Neu T, Veldung B, Karande P, Schaefer UF, Loretz B, Vogt T, Lehr CM. A Novel 3D Printed Model of Infected Human Hair Follicles to Demonstrate Targeted Delivery of Nanoantibiotics. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4947-4957. [PMID: 38961601 PMCID: PMC11322910 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Hair follicle-penetrating nanoparticles offer a promising avenue for targeted antibiotic delivery, especially in challenging infections like acne inversa or folliculitis decalvans. However, demonstrating their efficacy with existing preclinical models remains difficult. This study presents an innovative approach using a 3D in vitro organ culture system with human hair follicles to investigate the hypothesis that antibiotic nanocarriers may reach bacteria within the follicular cleft more effectively than free drugs. Living human hair follicles were transplanted into a collagen matrix within a 3D printed polymer scaffold to replicate the follicle's microenvironment. Hair growth kinetics over 7 days resembled those of simple floating cultures. In the 3D model, fluorescent nanoparticles exhibited some penetration into the follicle, not observed in floating cultures. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria displayed similar distribution profiles postinfection of follicles. While rifampicin-loaded lipid nanocapsules were as effective as free rifampicin in floating cultures, only nanoencapsulated rifampicin achieved the same reduction of CFU/mL in the 3D model. This underscores the hair follicle microenvironment's critical role in limiting conventional antibiotic treatment efficacy. By mimicking this microenvironment, the 3D model demonstrates the advantage of topically administered nanocarriers for targeted antibiotic therapy against follicular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Aliyazdi
- Department
of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Campus E8 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
- Saarland
University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Sarah Frisch
- Department
of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Campus E8 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
- Saarland
University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Tobias Neu
- Department
of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Campus E8 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
- Saarland
University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Barbara Veldung
- Specialist
in Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Saarbrücken 66111, Germany
| | - Pankaj Karande
- Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | | | - Brigitta Loretz
- Department
of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Campus E8 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Clinic
for Dermatology, University Clinic Homburg, Kirrberger Str., Homburg 66424, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department
of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Campus E8 1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
- Saarland
University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
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Tang W, Liu Y, Li X, Leng G, Gao J, Wang Y, Yao J, Liu Z, Zhou Q, Xu Y. Microbiological Characteristics of Clinically Isolated Staphylococcus aureus with Different Hemolytic Phenotypes in China. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:3273-3287. [PMID: 39104458 PMCID: PMC11299731 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s466416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the microbiological characteristics of clinically isolated Staphylococcus aureus with different hemolytic phenotypes in China. Materials and Methods Using the three-point inoculation method, the hemolytic phenotypes of 1295 clinically isolated S. aureus strains were detected and categorized. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all strains was performed using a VITEK 2 Compact System. After sample size matching, plasma coagulase activity, catalase activity, mRNA expression of hemolysin genes (hla, hlb, hlc, and hld), biofilm formation, growth kinetics, inflammatory response of macrophages and cytotoxicity of S. aureus with different hemolytic phenotypes using the rabbit plasma kit, the catalase test on slides, qRT-PCR, crystal violet staining, the microcultivation assay, the ELISA kits, and the CCK-8 assay, respectively. Results Seven categories of hemolytic phenotypes were identified. Accordingly, strains were categorized into seven different groups, including S. aureus with complete hemolytic phenotype (SCHP), S. aureus with weak hemolytic phenotype (SWHP), S. aureus with incomplete hemolytic phenotype 1 (SIHP-1), SIHP-2, SIHP-3, SIHP-4 and SIHP-5, the last three of which were reported for the first time. Except for the hemolytic phenotype, all seven groups differed in clinical isolation rates, antibiotic resistance profile, plasma coagulase activity, mRNA expression of hemolysin genes, biofilm formation, growth kinetics, inflammatory response of macrophages, and cytotoxicity. Conclusion S. aureus with different hemolytic phenotypes have distinctive microbiological characteristics. Clinical microbiologists need to be vigilant about the hemolytic phenotypes when culturing S. aureus strains, and actively enhance communication with clinicians to optimize the treatment of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guiyun Leng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ju Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yawu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
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Zhou J, He C, Yang H, Shu W, Liu Q. Integrative omics analysis reveals insights into small colony variants of Staphylococcus aureus induced by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:212. [PMID: 38877418 PMCID: PMC11179224 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) can lead to the formation of small-colony variants (SCVs) of Staphylococcus aureus. However, the mechanism behind SCVs formation remains poorly understood. In this study, we explored the phenotype and omics-based characterization of S. aureus SCVs induced by SXT and shed light on the potential causes of SCV formation. METHODS Stable SCVs were obtained by continuously treating S. aureus isolates using 12/238 µg/ml of SXT, characterized by growth kinetics, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and auxotrophism test. Subsequently, a pair of representative strains (SCV and its parental strain) were selected for genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. RESULTS Three stable S. aureus SCVs were successfully screened and proven to be homologous to their corresponding parental strains. Phenotypic tests showed that all SCVs were non-classical mechanisms associated with impaired utilization of menadione, heme and thymine, and exhibited slower growth and higher antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), compared to their corresponding parental strains. Genomic data revealed 15 missense mutations in 13 genes in the representative SCV, which were involved in adhesion, intramolecular phosphate transfer on ribose, transport pathways, and phage-encoded proteins. The combination analysis of transcriptome and metabolome identified 35 overlapping pathways possible associated with the phenotype switching of S. aureus. These pathways mainly included changes in metabolism, such as purine metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and ABC transporters, which could play a crucial role in promoting SCVs development by affecting nucleic acid synthesis and energy metabolism in bacteria. CONCLUSION This study provides profound insights into the causes of S. aureus SCV formation induced by SXT. The findings may offer valuable clues for developing new strategies to combat S. aureus SCV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Rd, Shanghai, 200071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Shu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingzhong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Rd, Shanghai, 200071, People's Republic of China.
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Bastakoti S, Pesonen M, Ajayi C, Julin K, Corander J, Johannessen M, Hanssen AM. Co-culturing with Streptococcus anginosus alters Staphylococcus aureus transcriptome when exposed to tonsillar cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1326730. [PMID: 38333035 PMCID: PMC10850355 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1326730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Improved understanding of Staphylococcus aureus throat colonization in the presence of other co-existing microbes is important for mapping S. aureus adaptation to the human throat, and recurrence of infection. Here, we explore the responses triggered by the encounter between two common throat bacteria, S. aureus and Streptococcus anginosus, to identify genes in S. aureus that are important for colonization in the presence of human tonsillar epithelial cells and S. anginosus, and further compare this transcriptome with the genes expressed in S. aureus as only bacterium. Methods We performed an in vitro co-culture experiment followed by RNA sequencing to identify interaction-induced transcriptional alterations and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by gene enrichment analysis. Results and discussion A total of 332 and 279 significantly differentially expressed genes with p-value < 0.05 and log2 FoldChange (log2FC) ≥ |2| were identified in S. aureus after 1 h and 3 h co-culturing, respectively. Alterations in expression of various S. aureus survival factors were observed when co-cultured with S. anginosus and tonsillar cells. The serine-aspartate repeat-containing protein D (sdrD) involved in adhesion, was for example highly upregulated in S. aureus during co-culturing with S. anginosus compared to S. aureus grown in the absence of S. anginosus, especially at 3 h. Several virulence genes encoding secreted proteins were also highly upregulated only when S. aureus was co-cultured with S. anginosus and tonsillar cells, and iron does not appear to be a limiting factor in this environment. These findings may be useful for the development of interventions against S. aureus throat colonization and could be further investigated to decipher the roles of the identified genes in the host immune response in context of a throat commensal landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijana Bastakoti
- Department of Medical Biology, Research group for Host-Microbe Interaction (HMI), UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maiju Pesonen
- Oslo Centre of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Clement Ajayi
- Department of Medical Biology, Research group for Host-Microbe Interaction (HMI), UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kjersti Julin
- Department of Medical Biology, Research group for Host-Microbe Interaction (HMI), UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jukka Corander
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- Helsinki Institute of Information Technology, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mona Johannessen
- Department of Medical Biology, Research group for Host-Microbe Interaction (HMI), UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne-Merethe Hanssen
- Department of Medical Biology, Research group for Host-Microbe Interaction (HMI), UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Rong D, Liu Z, Huang J, Zhang F, Wu Q, Dai J, Li Y, Zhao M, Li Q, Zhang J, Wu S. Prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus argenteus isolated from rice and flour products in Guangdong, China. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 406:110348. [PMID: 37573713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus argenteus have been implicated in food poisoning outbreaks, and have been found in various types of food products according to our previous study. Rice and flour products are popular and widely consumed around the world. However, limited data are available on the microbial safety of S. aureus in rice and flour products, and S. argenteus has never been reported. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the contamination of S. aureus and S. argenteus in 250 fresh rice and flour product samples from five cities in Guangdong, China. According to qualitative and quantitative analyses, 68 (27.2 %) and 11 (4.4 %) samples were positive for S. aureus and S. argenteus, including 9 samples that exceeded 100 MPN/g. For antibiotics susceptibility tests in 16 antibiotics, the S. aureus isolates exhibited higher rates of resistance and multidrug resistance than S. argenteus. The S. aureus and S. argenteus isolates were mainly resistant to penicillin (70.21 %; 79.17 %), tetracycline (20.21 %; 58.33 %) and azithromycin (19.68 %, 8.33 %). However, the other antibiotic resistance rates were <10 %. Furthermore, the genetic background of the isolates was analyzed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). As a result, the S. aureus isolates were divided into 18 known sequence types (STs) and 4 novel STs (ST7675, ST7679, ST7680 and ST7682), which mainly belonged to ST188 (20.6 %) and ST6 (14.7 %). The S. argenteus isolates mainly belonged to ST2250 (90.9 %), with a novel type (ST7683). In total, 36 and 16 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were found in S. aureus and S. argenteus isolates, respectively. In addition, 91 virulence genes (VFs) were detected in S. aureus isolates as well as 90 % of core VFs were similar to S. argenteus. More than 20 % of the S. aureus isolates carried the classic enterotoxin gene (sea-sec), but chp, cna and map were free in all S. argenteus isolates. Importantly, 33.8 % of S. aureus isolates belonged to the immune evasion cluster (IEC) type B, whereas most of S. argenteus isolates (90.9 %) belong to IEC type E. According to the phylogenetic analysis, the S. aureus and S. argenteus isolates in fresh rice and flour products may indicate loss or acquisition of ARGs and VFs to survive and adapt to the environment. Our study confirmed the presence of S. argenteus in rice and flour products at first and focused on the multi-dimensional systematic comparative analysis of S. aureus and S. argenteus to reveal their ubiquity and similarities or differences, and provide more accurate and effective basic information for follow-up monitoring and tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Rong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Jingsha Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Yuanyu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Shi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China.
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Baseel D, Kim J, Mohammed S, Lowe A, Siddiqi J. The Ideal Time to Administer Pre-operative Antibiotics: Current and Future Practices. Cureus 2022; 14:e24979. [PMID: 35719787 PMCID: PMC9188836 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Zhou J, Zhao H, Yang H, He C, Shu W, Cui Z, Liu Q. Insights Into the Impact of Small RNA SprC on the Metabolism and Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:746746. [PMID: 35281456 PMCID: PMC8905650 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.746746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Our previous proteomic analysis showed that small RNA SprC (one of the small pathogenicity island RNAs) of Staphylococcus aureus possesses the ability to regulate the expression of multiple bacterial proteins. In this study, our objective was to further provide insights into the regulatory role of SprC in gene transcription and metabolism of S. aureus. Methods Gene expression profiles were obtained from S. aureus N315 wild-type and its sprC deletion mutant strains by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by R language with a |log2(fold change)| ≥1 and a false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were carried out to understand the significance of the DEGs. The quality of RNA-seq was further verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), mRNA target prediction, metabolomics analysis and transcript-level expression analysis of genes of sprC complementation strain. Results A total of 2497 transcripts were identified, of which 60 transcripts expressions in sprC knockout strain were significantly different (37 up-regulated and 23 down-regulated DEGs). GO analysis showed that the functions of these DEGs were mainly concentrated in the biological process and molecular function related to metabolism and pathogenesis, and a higher number of genes were involved in the oxidation-reduction process, catalytic activity and binding. KEGG pathways enrichment analysis demonstrated that metabolism and pathogenesis were the most affected pathways, such as metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, purine metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism and S. aureus infection. The qRT-PCR results of the DEGs with defined functions in the sprC deletion and complementation strains were in general agreement with those obtained by RNA-seq. Metabolomics analysis revealed 77 specific pathways involving metabolic pathways. Among them, many, such as metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and purine metabolism, were consistent with those enriched in the RNA-seq analysis. Conclusion This study offered valuable and reliable information about the regulatory roles of SprC in S. aureus biology through transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis. These results may provide clues for new potential targets for anti-virulence adjuvant therapy on S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanqiang Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Shu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zelin Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingzhong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qingzhong Liu,
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Single-Chain Fragment Variables Targeting Leukocidin ED Can Alleviate the Inflammation of Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Mastitis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010334. [PMID: 35008761 PMCID: PMC8745144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a vital bovine mastitis pathogen causing huge economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide. In our previous studies, leukotoxin ED (LukED) was detected in most S. aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis. Here, four single-chain fragment variables (scFvs) (ZL8 and ZL42 targeting LukE, ZL22 and ZL23 targeting LukD) were obtained using purified LukE and LukD proteins as the antigens after five rounds of bio-panning. The complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of the VH domain of these scFvs exhibited significant diversities. In vitro, the scFvs significantly decreased LukED-induced cell killing by inhibiting the binding of LukED to chemokine receptors (CCR5 and CXCR2) and reduced the death rates of bovine neutrophils and MAC-T cells caused by LukED and S. aureus (p < 0.05). In an S. aureus-induced mouse mastitis model, histopathology and MPO results revealed that scFvs ameliorated the histopathological damages and reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells (p < 0.05). The ELISA and qPCR assays showed that scFvs reduced the transcription and expression levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8 and IL-18 (p < 0.05). The overall results demonstrated the protective anti-inflammatory effect of scFvs in vitro and in vivo, enlightening the potential role of scFvs in the prevention and treatment of S. aureus-induced mastitis.
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Kranjec C, Morales Angeles D, Torrissen Mårli M, Fernández L, García P, Kjos M, Diep DB. Staphylococcal Biofilms: Challenges and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:131. [PMID: 33573022 PMCID: PMC7911828 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci, like Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis, are common colonizers of the human microbiota. While being harmless in many cases, many virulence factors result in them being opportunistic pathogens and one of the major causes of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. One of these virulence factors is the ability to form biofilms-three-dimensional communities of microorganisms embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix (EPS). The EPS is composed of polysaccharides, proteins and extracellular DNA, and is finely regulated in response to environmental conditions. This structured environment protects the embedded bacteria from the human immune system and decreases their susceptibility to antimicrobials, making infections caused by staphylococci particularly difficult to treat. With the rise of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci, together with difficulty in removing biofilms, there is a great need for new treatment strategies. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of our current knowledge of the stages of biofilm development and what difficulties may arise when trying to eradicate staphylococcal biofilms. Furthermore, we look into promising targets and therapeutic methods, including bacteriocins and phage-derived antibiofilm approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kranjec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway; (C.K.); (D.M.A.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Danae Morales Angeles
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway; (C.K.); (D.M.A.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Marita Torrissen Mårli
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway; (C.K.); (D.M.A.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Lucía Fernández
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Dairy Products, Dairy Research Institute of Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (L.F.); (P.G.)
- DairySafe Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pilar García
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Dairy Products, Dairy Research Institute of Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (L.F.); (P.G.)
- DairySafe Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Morten Kjos
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway; (C.K.); (D.M.A.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Dzung B. Diep
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway; (C.K.); (D.M.A.); (M.T.M.)
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Virulence alterations in staphylococcus aureus upon treatment with the sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. J Adv Res 2021; 31:165-175. [PMID: 34194840 PMCID: PMC8240104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The treatment of patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections mainly relies on antistaphylococcal regimens that are established with effective antibiotics. In antibiotic therapy or while living in nature, pathogens often face the sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics due to drug pharmacokinetics, diffusion barriers, waste emission, resistant organism formation, and farming application. Different categories of antibiotics at sub-MICs have diverse effects on the physiological and chemical properties of microorganisms. These effects can result in virulence alterations. However, the mechanisms underlying the actions of antibiotics at sub-MICs on S. aureus virulence are obscure. Aim of review In this review, we focus on the effects of sub-MICs of antibiotics on S. aureus virulence from the aspects of cell morphological change, virulence factor expression, bacterial adherence and invasion, staphylococcal biofilm formation, and small-colony variant (SCV) production. The possible mechanisms of antibiotic-induced S. aureus virulence alterations are also addressed. Key scientific concepts of review Five main aspects of bacterial virulence can be changed in S. aureus exposure to the sub-MIC levels of antibiotics, resulting in deformed bacterial cells to stimulate abnormal host immune responses, abnormally expressed virulence factors to alter disease development, changed bacterial adhesion and invasion abilities to affect colonization and diffusion, altered biofilm formation to potentate material-related infections, and increased SCV formation to achieve persistent infection and recurrence. These advanced findings expand our knowledge to rethink the molecular signaling roles of antibiotics beyond their actions as antimicrobial agents.
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Ye J, Chu AJ, Lin L, Chan ST, Harper R, Xiao M, Artsimovitch I, Zuo Z, Ma C, Yang X. Benzyl and benzoyl benzoic acid inhibitors of bacterial RNA polymerase-sigma factor interaction. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112671. [PMID: 32920341 PMCID: PMC7680358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcription is an essential biological process in bacteria requiring a core enzyme, RNA polymerase (RNAP). Bacterial RNAP is catalytically active but requires sigma (σ) factors for transcription of natural DNA templates. σ factor binds to RNAP to form a holoenzyme which specifically recognizes a promoter, melts the DNA duplex, and commences RNA synthesis. Inhibiting the binding of σ to RNAP is expected to inhibit bacterial transcription and growth. We previously identified a triaryl hit compound that mimics σ at its major binding site of RNAP, thereby inhibiting the RNAP holoenzyme formation. In this study, we modified this scaffold to provide a series of benzyl and benzoyl benzoic acid derivatives possessing improved antimicrobial activity. A representative compound demonstrated excellent activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis with minimum inhibitory concentrations reduced to 0.5 μg/mL, matching that of vancomycin. The molecular mechanism of inhibition was confirmed using biochemical and cellular assays. Low cytotoxicity and metabolic stability of compounds demonstrated the potential for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Adrian Jun Chu
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shu Ting Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rachel Harper
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Min Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Irina Artsimovitch
- Department of Microbiology and the Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Wang B, Yao Y, Wei P, Song C, Wan S, Yang S, Zhu GM, Liu HM. Housefly Phormicin inhibits Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA by disrupting biofilm formation and altering gene expression in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:1424-1434. [PMID: 33202277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The increasing drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria is a crisis that threatens public health. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been suggested to be potentially effective alternatives to solve this problem. Here, we tested housefly Phormicin-derived peptides for effects on Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in vitro and in vivo. A decreased bacterial load of MRSA was observed in the mouse scald model after treatment with Phormicin and in the positive control group (vancomycin). A mouse scrape model indicated that Phormicin helps the host fight drug-resistant MRSA infections. The protective effect of Phormicin on MRSA was confirmed in the Hermetia illucens larvae model. Phormicin also disrupted the formation of S. aureus and MRSA biofilms. Furthermore, this effect coincided with the downregulation of biofilm formation-related gene expression (agrC, sigB, RNAIII, altA, rbf, hla, hld, geh and psmɑ). Notably, virulence genes and several regulatory factors were also altered by Phormicin treatment. Based on these findings, housefly Phormicin helps the host inhibit MRSA infection through effects on biofilm formation and related gene networks. Therefore, housefly Phormicin potential represents a candidate agent for clinical MRSA chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, China Ministry of Education (Guizhou Medical University), Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Yang Yao
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - PengWei Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - ChaoRong Song
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Shan Wan
- Department of Microbial Immunology, The first affiliated hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - SuWen Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Gui Ming Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, China Ministry of Education (Guizhou Medical University), Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Hong Mei Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
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