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Verma I, Soni SK, Singh PC. Trichoderma produces methyl jasmonate-rich metabolites in the presence of Fusarium, showing biostimulant activity and wilt resistance in tomatoes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:108953. [PMID: 39151367 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive secondary metabolites from fungi, including Trichoderma, are an excellent source of plant biostimulants. Although production of novel biostimulants from known microbes is critical, challenging them may produce novel bioactive compounds. With this hypothesis, the study used live Fusarium chlamydosporum (FOL7) culture as the inducer during T. harzianum (IF63) growth in broth. Plate assays and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis were used to characterise the metabolites. Microscopy, pot experiments and, biochemical estimations of the defence-related enzymes in tomato plants established the biostimulant activity of the induced Trichoderma metabolites. Fungal crude metabolites (FCM) obtained from IF63+FOL7 extracts (TF.ex) showed increased antimicrobial activity. TF.ex at 50 μg mL-1, inhibited the FOL7 growth by 68.33% compared to the Trichoderma alone extract. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed morphological disruption of FOL7 mycelia by TF.ex. GC-MS analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of approximately 64 compounds, of which at least 13 were detected explicitly in TF.ex. Methyl (3-oxo-2-pentylcyclopentyl) acetate (Methyl dihydrojasmonate), a lipid functionally related to jasmonic acid, was the major metabolite (∼21%) present in TF.ex. Tomato seed dressing with TF.ex promoted plant growth and induced systemic resistance against FOL7 compared to alone Trichoderma and Fusarium extracts. The TF.ex treatment increased the superoxide dismutase (33%) and catalase activity by 2.5-fold in tomato plants. The study concludes that fungal secondary metabolites may be modulated by providing appropriate challenges to produce effective metabolite-based biostimulants for agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Verma
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Sumit K Soni
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Poonam C Singh
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India.
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2
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Zheng YY, Mao JQ, Liu Y, Han N, Lv L, Zhang YH, Chen M, Liu ZQ, Shao CL, Yao GS, Wang CY. Pleiotropically activation of azaphilone biosynthesis by overexpressing a pathway-specific transcription factor in marine-derived Aspergillus terreus RA2905. Bioorg Chem 2024; 153:107832. [PMID: 39317039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
The genome sequencing of Aspergillus terreus reveals that the vast number of predicted biosynthetic gene clusters have not reflected by the metabolic profile observed under conventional culture conditions. In this study, a silent azaphilone biosynthetic gene cluster was activated by overexpressing a pathway-specific transcription factor gene2642 in marine-derived fungus A. terreus RA2905. Consequently, twenty azaphilone compounds were identified from the OE2642 mutant, including 11 new azaphilones and their precursors, azasperones C-J (1-5, 7-9) and preazasperones A-C (15-17). The structures of those new compounds were unambiguously determined on the basis of NMR and HRESIMS spectra analysis, and the absolute configurations were established depending on ECD calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 were the rarely reported naturally occurring azaphilones with 2-N coupled phenyl-derivative. The bioactivity assay revealed that compounds 18-20 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity. Based on the occurrence of diverse intermediates and the putative gene functions, a plausible biosynthetic pathway of these compounds was proposed. The above results demonstrated that overexpression of the pathway-specific transcription factor presents a promising approach for enriching fungal secondary metabolites and accelerating the targeted discovery of novel biosynthetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jun-Qiu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Department of Bioresources of the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Na Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ling Lv
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ya-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Min Chen
- Marine Science & Technology Institute, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196#, Huayang West Street, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Guang-Shan Yao
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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3
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Hamrouni R, Regus F, Farnet Da Silva AM, Orsiere T, Boudenne JL, Laffont-Schwob I, Christen P, Dupuy N. Current status and future trends of microbial and nematode-based biopesticides for biocontrol of crop pathogens. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38987982 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2370370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The increasing public demand to avoid the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural production systems, causing serious environmental damages, has challenged industry to develop new and effective solutions to manage and control phytopathogens. Biopesticides, particularly microbial-based biopesticides, are a promising new alternative with high biodegradability, specificity, suitability for incorporation into integrated pest management practices, low likelihood of resistance development, and practically no known human health risks. However: expensive production methods, narrow action spectra, susceptibility to environmental conditions, short shelf life, poor storage stability, legislation registry constraints, and general lack of knowledge are slowing down their adoption. In addition to regulatory framework revisions and improved training initiatives, improved preservation methods, thoughtfully designed formulations, and field test validations are needed to offer new microbial- and nematode-based biopesticides with improved efficacy and increased shelf-life. During the last several years, substantial advancements in biopesticide production have been developed. The novelty part of this review written in 2023 is to summarize (i) mechanisms of action of beneficial microorganisms used to increase crop performance and (ii) successful formulation including commercial products for the biological control of phytopathogens based on microorganisms, nematode and/or metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayhane Hamrouni
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE UMR 7376, 13331, Marseille, France
| | - Flor Regus
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, LPED, Marseille, France
| | | | - Thierry Orsiere
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Christen
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Dupuy
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
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4
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Huang X, Fan J, Guo C, Chen Y, Qiu J, Zhang Q. Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analysis Reveal the Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying Sodium Butyrate-Induced Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Rhodotorula glutinis. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:320. [PMID: 38786675 PMCID: PMC11122558 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium butyrate (SB) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that can induce changes in gene expression and secondary metabolite titers by inhibiting histone deacetylation. Our preliminary analysis also indicated that SB significantly enhanced the biosynthesis of carotenoids in the Rhodotorula glutinis strain YM25079, although the underlying regulatory mechanisms remained unclear. Based on an integrated analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics, this study revealed changes in cell membrane stability, DNA and protein methylation levels, amino acid metabolism, and oxidative stress in the strain YM25079 under SB exposure. Among them, the upregulation of oxidative stress may be a contributing factor for the increase in carotenoid biosynthesis, subsequently enhancing the strain resistance to oxidative stress and maintaining the membrane fluidity and function for normal cell growth. To summarize, our results showed that SB promoted carotenoid synthesis in the Rhodotorula glutinis strain YM25079 and increased the levels of the key metabolites and regulators involved in the stress response of yeast cells. Additionally, epigenetic modifiers were applied to produce fungal carotenoid, providing a novel and promising strategy for the biosynthesis of yeast-based carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jingwen Qiu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (X.H.); (J.F.); (C.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (X.H.); (J.F.); (C.G.); (Y.C.)
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5
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Gribble GW. A Survey of Recently Discovered Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:1285-1305. [PMID: 38375796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of naturally occurring organohalogen compounds has increased astronomically in the 55 years since they were first discovered─from fewer than 50 in 1968 to a combined 7,958 described examples in three comprehensive reviews. The present survey, which covers the period 2021-2023, brings the number of known natural organohalogens to approximately 8,400. The organization is according to species origin, and coverage includes marine and terrestrial plants, fungi, bacteria, marine sponges, corals, cyanobacteria, tunicates, and other marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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6
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Huang L, Liu MD, Hu YW, Chen LJ, Deng Y, Gu YC, Bian Q, Guo DL, Wang GZ. Secondary metabolites isolated from Trichoderma hamatum b-3 and their fungicidal activity. Fitoterapia 2024; 174:105880. [PMID: 38431026 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
An undescribed trichodenone derivative (1), two new diketopiperazines (3 and 4) along with a bisabolane analog (2) were isolated from Trichoderma hamatum b-3. The structures of the new findings were established through comprehensive analyses of spectral evidences in HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, Marfey's analysis as well as comparisons of ECD. The absolute configuration of 2 was unambiguously confirmed by NMR, ECD calculation and Mo2(AcO)4 induced circular dichroism. Compounds 1-4 were tested for their fungicidal effects against eight crop pathogenic fungi, among which 1 showed 51% inhibition against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at a concentration of 50 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resource, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng-Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resource, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Wen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resource, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resource, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resource, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Berkshire, UK
| | - Qiang Bian
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Da-Le Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resource, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Guang-Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resource, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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7
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Song YP, Ji NY. Chemistry and biology of marine-derived Trichoderma metabolites. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:14. [PMID: 38302800 PMCID: PMC10834931 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Marine-derived fungi of the genus Trichoderma have been surveyed for pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals since 1993, with various new secondary metabolites being characterized from the strains of marine animal, plant, sediment, and water origin. Chemical structures and biological activities of these metabolites are comprehensively reviewed herein up to the end of 2022 (covering 30 years). More than 70 strains that belong to at least 18 known Trichoderma species have been chemically investigated during this period. As a result, 445 new metabolites, including terpenes, steroids, polyketides, peptides, alkaloids, and others, have been identified, with over a half possessing antimicroalgal, zooplankton-toxic, antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and other activities. The research is highlighted by the molecular diversity and antimicroalgal potency of terpenes and steroids. In addition, metabolic relevance along with co-culture induction in the production of new compounds is also concluded. Trichoderma strains of marine origin can transform and degrade heterogeneous molecules, but these functions need further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ping Song
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Nai-Yun Ji
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Guo Q, Shi L, Wang X, Li D, Yin Z, Zhang J, Ding G, Chen L. Structures and Biological Activities of Secondary Metabolites from the Trichoderma genus (Covering 2018-2022). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13612-13632. [PMID: 37684097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma, a genus with more than 400 species, has a long history of use as an industrial bioreactor, biofertilizer, and biocontrol agent. It is considered a significant source of secondary metabolites (SMs) that possess unique structural features and a wide range of bioactivities. In recent years, numerous secondary metabolites of Trichoderma, including terpenoids, polyketides, peptides, alkaloids, and steroids, have been identified. Most of these SMs displayed antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antifungal effects. This review focuses on the structural diversity, biological activities, and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the SMs isolated from Trichoderma covered from 2018 to 2022. This study provides insights into the exploration and utilization of bioactive compounds from Trichoderma species in the agriculture or pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Guo
- Henan Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Natural Products, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Henan Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Natural Products, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Henan Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Natural Products, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, People's Republic of China
- Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Li
- Henan Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Natural Products, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, People's Republic of China
- Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Yin
- Henan Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Natural Products, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Henan Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Natural Products, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Henan Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Natural Products, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, People's Republic of China
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Xue M, Hou X, Fu J, Zhang J, Wang J, Zhao Z, Xu D, Lai D, Zhou L. Recent Advances in Search of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Fungi Triggered by Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020172. [PMID: 36836287 PMCID: PMC9961798 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic analysis has demonstrated that many fungi possess essential gene clusters for the production of previously unobserved secondary metabolites; however, these genes are normally reduced or silenced under most conditions. These cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters have become treasures of new bioactive secondary metabolites. The induction of these biosynthetic gene clusters under stress or special conditions can improve the titers of known compounds or the production of novel compounds. Among the inducing strategies, chemical-epigenetic regulation is considered a powerful approach, and it uses small-molecule epigenetic modifiers, which mainly act as the inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase, histone deacetylase, and histone acetyltransferase, to promote changes in the structure of DNA, histones, and proteasomes and to further activate cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters for the production of a wide variety of bioactive secondary metabolites. These epigenetic modifiers mainly include 5-azacytidine, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, suberoyl bishydroxamic acid, sodium butyrate, and nicotinamide. This review gives an overview on the method of chemical epigenetic modifiers to trigger silent or low-expressed biosynthetic pathways to yield bioactive natural products through external cues of fungi, mainly based on the research progress in the period from 2007 to 2022. The production of about 540 fungal secondary metabolites was found to be induced or enhanced by chemical epigenetic modifiers. Some of them exhibited significant biological activities such as cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity.
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Rodrigues AO, May De Mio LL, Soccol CR. Trichoderma as a powerful fungal disease control agent for a more sustainable and healthy agriculture: recent studies and molecular insights. PLANTA 2023; 257:31. [PMID: 36602606 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Molecular studies have elucidated Trichoderma's biocontrol mechanisms. Since fungicides have limited use, Trichoderma could control disease by new metabolic routes and epigenetic alterations. Due to environmental and health hazards, agrochemicals have been a concern since they were introduced in agriculture. Trichoderma, a well-known fungal genus with different mechanisms of action, is an alternative to pesticides and a great tool to help minimize disease incidence. Trichoderma-treated plants mainly benefit from disease control and growth promotion through priming, and these fungi can modulate plants' gene expression by boosting their immune system, accelerating their response to threats, and building stress tolerance. The latest studies suggest that epigenetics is required for plant priming and could be essential for growth promotion, expanding the possibilities for producing new resistant plant varieties. Trichoderma's propagules can be mass produced and formulated depending on the delivery method. Microsclerotia-based bioproducts could be a promising way of increasing the reliability and durability of marketed products in the field, as well as help guarantee longer shelf life. Developing novel formulations and selecting efficient Trichoderma strains can be tiresome, but patent search indicates an increase in the industrialization and commercialization of technologies and an expansion of companies' involvement in research and development in this field. Although Trichoderma is considered a well-known fungal genus, it still attracts the attention of large companies, universities, and research institutes around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda O Rodrigues
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Louise L May De Mio
- Department of Crop Science and Protection, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Soccol
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, 81531-908, Brazil.
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11
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Guo R, Li G, Zhang Z, Peng X. Structures and Biological Activities of Secondary Metabolites from Trichoderma harzianum. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:701. [PMID: 36355024 PMCID: PMC9696559 DOI: 10.3390/md20110701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum, from both marine and terrestrial environments, has attracted considerable attention. T. harzianum has a tremendous potential to produce a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs), which are an important source of new herbicides and antibiotics. This review prioritizes the SMs of T. harzianum from 1988 to June 2022, and their relevant biological activities. Marine-derived SMs, especially terpenoids, polyketides, and macrolides compounds, occupy a significant proportion of natural products from T. harzianum, deserving more of our attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoping Peng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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12
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Chen Y, Xu LC, Liu S, Zhang ZX, Cao GY. Halometabolites isolated from the marine-derived fungi with potent pharmacological activities. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1038487. [PMID: 36267169 PMCID: PMC9576957 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1038487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Halometabolites, usually produced in marine environment, are an important group of natural halogenated compounds with rich biological functionality and drugability and thus play a crucial role in pharmaceutical and/or agricultural applications. In the exploration of novel halometabolites from marine microorganisms, the growing number of halogenated compounds makes it necessary to fully present these metabolites with diverse structures and considerable bioactivities. This review particularly focuses on the chemodiversity and bioactivities of halometabolites from marine-derived fungi. As a result, a total of 145 naturally halogenated compounds, including 118 chlorinated, 23 brominated, and four iodinated compounds, were isolated from 17 genera of marine-derived fungi. Interestingly, many of halometabolites, especially for the brominated and iodinated compounds, are generated by the substitution of bromide and iodide ions for the chloride ion in cultivation process. In addition, these compounds possess diverse structural types, which are classified into polyketides (62.7%), phenols (16.6%), alkaloids (14.5%), and terpenoids (6.2%). Their cytotoxic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities indicate the high potential of these halogenated compounds as lead compounds for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Lian-Cheng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guan-Yi Cao, ; Zi-Xiang Zhang,
| | - Guan-Yi Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China
- *Correspondence: Guan-Yi Cao, ; Zi-Xiang Zhang,
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Bai B, Liu C, Zhang C, He X, Wang H, Peng W, Zheng C. Trichoderma species from plant and soil: An excellent resource for biosynthesis of terpenoids with versatile bioactivities. J Adv Res 2022:S2090-1232(22)00212-0. [PMID: 36195283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichoderma species are rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites. In the past decades, a series of secondary metabolites were reported from different Trichoderma fungi, among which terpenoids possessing versatile structural diversities and extensive pharmacological activities are one of the particularly important categories. AIM OF REVIEW The review aims to summarize the terpenoids isolated from Trichoderma species regarding their structural diversities, biological activities, and promising biosynthetic potentials. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW So far, a total of 253 terpenoids, including 202 sesquiterpenes, 48 diterpenes, 2 monoterpenes and 1 meroterpenoid, were isolated and identified from Trichoderma species between 1948 and 2022. Pharmacological investigations of Trichoderma terpenoids mainly focused on their antibacterial activities, antifungal activities, inhibitory activities on marine plankton species and cytotoxic activities, indicating that Trichoderma species are important microbial agents for drug discovery and environmentally friendly agrochemicals development. Intriguing chemistry and enzymology involved in the biosynthesis of Trichoderma terpenoids were also presented to facilitate further precise genome mining-guided novel structure discovery. Taken together, the abundance of novel skeletons, bioactivities and biosynthetic potentials presents new opportunities for drug and agrochemicals discovery, genome mining and enzymology exploration from Trichoderma species. The work will provide references for the profound study of terpenoids derived from Trichoderma, and facilitate further studies on Trichoderma species in the areas of chemistry, medicine, agriculture and microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingke Bai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Chengzhong Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xuhui He
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Hongrui Wang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China.
| | - Chengjian Zheng
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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14
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Epigenetic Manipulation Induced Production of Immunosuppressive Chromones and Cytochalasins from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Phomopsis asparagi DHS-48. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20100616. [PMID: 36286441 PMCID: PMC9605342 DOI: 10.3390/md20100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A mangrove endophytic fungus Phomopsis asparagi DHS-48 was found to be particularly productive with regard to the accumulation of substantial new compounds in our previous study. In order to explore its potential to produce more unobserved secondary metabolites, epigenetic manipulation was used on this fungus to activate cryptic or silent genes by using the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor sodium butyrate and the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5-Aza). Based on colony growth, dry biomass, HPLC, and 1H NMR analyses, the fungal chemical diversity profile was significantly changed compared with the control. Two new compounds, named phaseolorin J (1) and phomoparagin D (5), along with three known chromones (2–4) and six known cytochalasins (6–11), were isolated from the culture treated with sodium butyrate. Their structures, including their absolute configurations, were elucidated using a combination of detailed HRESIMS, NMR, and ECD and 13C NMR calculations. The immunosuppressive and cytotoxic activities of all isolated compounds were evaluated. Compounds 1 and 8 moderately inhibited the proliferation of ConA (concanavalin A)-induced T and LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-induced B murine spleen lymphocytes. Compound 5 exhibited significant in vitro cytotoxicity against the tested human cancer cell lines Hela and HepG2, which was comparative to the positive control adriamycin and fluorouracil. Our finding demonstrated that epigenetic manipulation should be an efficient strategy for the induction of new metabolites from mangrove endophytic fungi.
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Schüller A, Studt-Reinhold L, Strauss J. How to Completely Squeeze a Fungus-Advanced Genome Mining Tools for Novel Bioactive Substances. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1837. [PMID: 36145585 PMCID: PMC9505985 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal species have the capability of producing an overwhelming diversity of bioactive substances that can have beneficial but also detrimental effects on human health. These so-called secondary metabolites naturally serve as antimicrobial "weapon systems", signaling molecules or developmental effectors for fungi and hence are produced only under very specific environmental conditions or stages in their life cycle. However, as these complex conditions are difficult or even impossible to mimic in laboratory settings, only a small fraction of the true chemical diversity of fungi is known so far. This also implies that a large space for potentially new pharmaceuticals remains unexplored. We here present an overview on current developments in advanced methods that can be used to explore this chemical space. We focus on genetic and genomic methods, how to detect genes that harbor the blueprints for the production of these compounds (i.e., biosynthetic gene clusters, BGCs), and ways to activate these silent chromosomal regions. We provide an in-depth view of the chromatin-level regulation of BGCs and of the potential to use the CRISPR/Cas technology as an activation tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph Strauss
- Institute of Microbial Genetics, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, A-3430 Tulln/Donau, Austria
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16
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Li C, Shao Y, Li W, Yin T, Li H, Yan H, Guo X, Liu B, He B. Hybrid Diterpenic Meroterpenoids from an Endophytic Penicillium sp. Induced by Chemical Epigenetic Manipulation. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1486-1494. [PMID: 35658485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cultivation of an endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. KMU18029 with suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, led to the isolation of two pairs of diterpenic meroterpenoids with a unique natural product framework combining features of pyripyropenes and decaturins/oxalicines, pyrandecarurins A (1) and B (2), pileotin A (3) and B (4), along with their potential precursor decaturenoid (5). Compounds 1, 2, 4, and 5 were new. The structures of 1-5 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configurations of 1-4 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, NOESY spectra, ECD calculations, and biogenetic considerations. The absolute configuration of compound 3 was confirmed for the first time. Compound 5 showed moderate activity against AChE with an IC50 value of 13.9 ± 1.1 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yating Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianpeng Yin
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing Road 2238, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyi Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo He
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, People's Republic of China
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17
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Zhang FL, Feng T. Diterpenes Specially Produced by Fungi: Structures, Biological Activities, and Biosynthesis (2010–2020). J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030244. [PMID: 35330246 PMCID: PMC8951520 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi have traditionally been a very rewarding source of biologically active natural products, while diterpenoids from fungi, such as the cyathane-type diterpenoids from Cyathus and Hericium sp., the fusicoccane-type diterpenoids from Fusicoccum and Alternaria sp., the guanacastane-type diterpenoids from Coprinus and Cercospora sp., and the harziene-type diterpenoids from Trichoderma sp., often represent unique carbon skeletons as well as diverse biological functions. The abundances of novel skeletons, biological activities, and biosynthetic pathways present new opportunities for drug discovery, genome mining, and enzymology. In addition, diterpenoids peculiar to fungi also reveal the possibility of differing biological evolution, although they have similar biosynthetic pathways. In this review, we provide an overview about the structures, biological activities, evolution, organic synthesis, and biosynthesis of diterpenoids that have been specially produced by fungi from 2010 to 2020. We hope this review provides timely illumination and beneficial guidance for future research works of scholars who are interested in this area.
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18
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Abstract
Covering: 2020This review covers the literature published in 2020 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 757 citations (747 for the period January to December 2020) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1407 in 420 papers for 2020), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Pertinent reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. A meta analysis of bioactivity data relating to new MNPs reported over the last five years is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Carroll
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. .,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Enivironment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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19
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Deshmukh SK, Dufossé L, Chhipa H, Saxena S, Mahajan GB, Gupta MK. Fungal Endophytes: A Potential Source of Antibacterial Compounds. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:164. [PMID: 35205918 PMCID: PMC8877021 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is becoming a burning issue due to the frequent use of antibiotics for curing common bacterial infections, indicating that we are running out of effective antibiotics. This has been more obvious during recent corona pandemics. Similarly, enhancement of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is strengthening the pathogenicity and virulence of infectious microbes. Endophytes have shown expression of various new many bioactive compounds with significant biological activities. Specifically, in endophytic fungi, bioactive metabolites with unique skeletons have been identified which could be helpful in the prevention of increasing antimicrobial resistance. The major classes of metabolites reported include anthraquinone, sesquiterpenoid, chromone, xanthone, phenols, quinones, quinolone, piperazine, coumarins and cyclic peptides. In the present review, we reported 451 bioactive metabolites isolated from various groups of endophytic fungi from January 2015 to April 2021 along with their antibacterial profiling, chemical structures and mode of action. In addition, we also discussed various methods including epigenetic modifications, co-culture, and OSMAC to induce silent gene clusters for the production of noble bioactive compounds in endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Deshmukh
- TERI-Deakin Nano Biotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, Delhi, India
- Agpharm Bioinnovations LLP, Incubatee: Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Park (STEP), Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India;
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels (CHEMBIOPRO Lab) & ESIROI Agroalimentaire, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, 97744 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Hemraj Chhipa
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Agriculture University Kota, Jhalawar 322360, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Sanjai Saxena
- Agpharm Bioinnovations LLP, Incubatee: Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Park (STEP), Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India;
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
| | | | - Manish Kumar Gupta
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram 122505, Haryana, India;
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20
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Pinedo-Rivilla C, Aleu J, Durán-Patrón R. Cryptic Metabolites from Marine-Derived Microorganisms Using OSMAC and Epigenetic Approaches. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:84. [PMID: 35200614 PMCID: PMC8879561 DOI: 10.3390/md20020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine microorganisms have proven to be a source of new natural products with a wide spectrum of biological activities relevant in different industrial sectors. The ever-increasing number of sequenced microbial genomes has highlighted a discrepancy between the number of gene clusters potentially encoding the production of natural products and the actual number of chemically characterized metabolites for a given microorganism. Homologous and heterologous expression of these biosynthetic genes, which are often silent under experimental laboratory culture conditions, may lead to the discovery of new cryptic natural products of medical and biotechnological interest. Several new genetic and cultivation-based strategies have been developed to meet this challenge. The OSMAC approach (one strain-many compounds), based on modification of growth conditions, has proven to be a powerful strategy for the discovery of new cryptic natural products. As a direct extension of this approach, the addition of chemical elicitors or epigenetic modifiers have also been used to activate silent genes. This review looks at the structures and biological activities of new cryptic metabolites from marine-derived microorganisms obtained using the OSMAC approach, the addition of chemical elicitors, and enzymatic inhibitors and epigenetic modifiers. It covers works published up to June 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pinedo-Rivilla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomoléculas (INBIO), Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Josefina Aleu
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Vitivinícola y Agroalimentaria (IVAGRO), Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Rosa Durán-Patrón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Vitivinícola y Agroalimentaria (IVAGRO), Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
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21
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Contreras-Cornejo HA, Macías-Rodríguez L, Larsen J. The Role of Secondary Metabolites in Rhizosphere Competence of Trichoderma. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91650-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Nuansri S, Rukachaisirikul V, Rungwirain N, Kaewin S, Yimnual C, Phongpaichit S, Preedanon S, Sakayaroj J, Muanprasat C. α-Pyrone and decalin derivatives from the marine-derived fungus Trichoderma harzianum PSU-MF79. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:5462-5469. [PMID: 34894887 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2015593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Two new compounds, one α-pyrone (trichoharzianone) and one decalin (trichoharzianin), along with eight known compounds including three decalins, two δ-lactones, two carboxylic acids and one isochroman were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Trichoderma harzianum PSU-MF79. The structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. The relative configuration of trichoharzianin was assigned based on NOEDIFF data and coupling constants whereas the absolute configurations were established by comparison of electronic circular dichroism data with those of the co-metabolites. Known (-)-massoia lactone exhibited mild antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC90113 flucytosine-resistant, Candida albicans ATCC90028 and C. albicans NCPF3153 with MIC values of 128, 200 and 200 µg/mL, respectively, and weak cytotoxic activity against HCT-116 and MCF-7 cell lines with the respective IC50 values of 17 and 32 µM. In addition, it was noncytotoxic against noncancerous Vero cells with an IC50 value of >100 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucheewin Nuansri
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Narate Rungwirain
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Suchada Kaewin
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakarn, Thailand
| | - Chantapol Yimnual
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakarn, Thailand
| | - Souwalak Phongpaichit
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sita Preedanon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Jariya Sakayaroj
- School of Science, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhonsithammarat, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakarn, Thailand
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23
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Li H, Liu X, Li X, Hu Z, Wang L. Novel Harziane Diterpenes from Deep-Sea Sediment Fungus Trichoderma sp. SCSIOW21 and Their Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19120689. [PMID: 34940688 PMCID: PMC8705903 DOI: 10.3390/md19120689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Five undescribed harziane-type diterpene derivatives, namely harzianol K (1), harzianol L (4), harzianol M (5), harzianol N (6), harzianol O (7), along with two known compounds, hazianol J (2) and harzianol A (3) were isolated from the deep-sea sediment-derived fungus Trichoderma sp. SCSIOW21. The relative configurations were determined by meticulous spectroscopic methods including 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopy, and HR-ESI-MS. The absolute configurations were established by the ECD curve calculations and the X-ray crystallographic analysis. These compounds (1, and 4–7) contributed to increasing the diversity of the caged harziane type diterpenes with highly congested skeleton characteristics. Harzianol J (2) exhibited a weak anti-inflammatory effect with 81.8% NO inhibition at 100 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (H.L.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (H.L.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (H.L.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (L.W.); Tel.: +86-755-2601-2653 (L.W.)
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (H.L.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (H.L.); (X.L.); (Z.H.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (L.W.); Tel.: +86-755-2601-2653 (L.W.)
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24
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Dai Q, Zhang FL, Feng T. Sesquiterpenoids Specially Produced by Fungi: Structures, Biological Activities, Chemical and Biosynthesis (2015-2020). J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:1026. [PMID: 34947008 PMCID: PMC8705726 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are widely distributed in the terrestrial environment, freshwater, and marine habitat. Only approximately 100,000 of these have been classified although there are about 5.1 million characteristic fungi all over the world. These eukaryotic microbes produce specialized metabolites and participate in a variety of ecological functions, such as quorum detection, chemical defense, allelopathy, and maintenance of symbiosis. Fungi therefore remain an important resource for the screening and discovery of biologically active natural products. Sesquiterpenoids are arguably the richest natural products from plants and micro-organisms. The rearrangement of the 15 high-ductility carbons gave rise to a large number of different skeletons. At the same time, abundant structural variations lead to a diversification of biological activity. This review examines the isolation, structural determination, bioactivities, and synthesis of sesquiterpenoids that were specially produced by fungi over the past five years (2015-2020).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; (Q.D.); (F.-L.Z.)
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25
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Bauer I, Graessle S. Fungal Lysine Deacetylases in Virulence, Resistance, and Production of Small Bioactive Compounds. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1470. [PMID: 34680865 PMCID: PMC8535771 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing number of immunocompromised patients begs for efficient therapy strategies against invasive fungal infections. As conventional antifungal treatment is increasingly hampered by resistance to commonly used antifungals, development of novel therapy regimens is required. On the other hand, numerous fungal species are industrially exploited as cell factories of enzymes and chemicals or as producers of medically relevant pharmaceuticals. Consequently, there is immense interest in tapping the almost inexhaustible fungal portfolio of natural products for potential medical and industrial applications. Both the pathogenicity and production of those small metabolites are significantly dependent on the acetylation status of distinct regulatory proteins. Thus, classical lysine deacetylases (KDACs) are crucial virulence determinants and important regulators of natural products of fungi. In this review, we present an overview of the members of classical KDACs and their complexes in filamentous fungi. Further, we discuss the impact of the genetic manipulation of KDACs on the pathogenicity and production of bioactive molecules. Special consideration is given to inhibitors of these enzymes and their role as potential new antifungals and emerging tools for the discovery of novel pharmaceutical drugs and antibiotics in fungal producer strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Graessle
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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26
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Zhang JL, Tang WL, Huang QR, Li YZ, Wei ML, Jiang LL, Liu C, Yu X, Zhu HW, Chen GZ, Zhang XX. Trichoderma: A Treasure House of Structurally Diverse Secondary Metabolites With Medicinal Importance. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:723828. [PMID: 34367122 PMCID: PMC8342961 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.723828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi play an irreplaceable role in drug discovery in the course of human history, as they possess unique abilities to synthesize diverse specialized metabolites with significant medicinal potential. Trichoderma are well-studied filamentous fungi generally observed in nature, which are widely marketed as biocontrol agents. The secondary metabolites produced by Trichoderma have gained extensive attention since they possess attractive chemical structures with remarkable biological activities. A large number of metabolites have been isolated from Trichoderma species in recent years. A previous review by Reino et al. summarized 186 compounds isolated from Trichoderma as well as their biological activities up to 2008. To update the relevant list of reviews of secondary metabolites produced from Trichoderma sp., we provide a comprehensive overview in regard to the newly described metabolites of Trichoderma from the beginning of 2009 to the end of 2020, with emphasis on their chemistry and various bioactivities. A total of 203 compounds with considerable bioactivities are included in this review, which is worth expecting for the discovery of new drug leads and agrochemicals in the foreseeable future. Moreover, new strategies for discovering secondary metabolites of Trichoderma in recent years are also discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Long Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Jinan, China
- Shandong Aquaculture Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, China
| | - Wen-Li Tang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Jinan, China
| | - Qing-Rong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
| | - You-Zhi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Jinan, China
| | - Mao-Lian Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Jinan, China
| | - Lin-Lin Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Jinan, China
- Shandong Aquaculture Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, China
- Yantai Research Institute for Replacing Old Growth Drivers with New Ones, Yantai, China
| | - Chong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xin Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Jinan, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Jinan, China
- Shandong Aquaculture Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, China
- Yantai Research Institute for Replacing Old Growth Drivers with New Ones, Yantai, China
| | - Guo-Zhong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Aquaculture Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
| | - Xing-Xiao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Aquaculture Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
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27
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Benzyl Furanones and Pyrones from the Marine-Derived Fungus Aspergillus terreus Induced by Chemical Epigenetic Modification. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173927. [PMID: 32867374 PMCID: PMC7503933 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical epigenetic modification on a marine-derived fungus Aspergillus terreus RA2905 using a histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), resulted in a significantly changed metabolic profile. A chemical investigation of its ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract led to the isolation of a racemate of benzyl furanone racemate (±)-1, which further separated chirally as a pair of new enantiomers, (+)- and (−)-asperfuranone (1), together with two new benzyl pyrones, asperpyranones A (2) and B (3). Their structures were elucidated by analysis of the comprehensive spectroscopic data, including one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR, and HRESIMS. The absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation and single-crystal X-ray crystallographic experiment. The structures with benzyl furanone or benzyl pyrone skeletons were discovered from natural products for the first time. Compounds (±)-1, (+)-1, (−)-1, and 2 displayed the antifungal activities against Candida albicans with MIC values of 32, 16, 64, and 64 μg/mL and PTP1B inhibitory activities with the IC50 values of 45.79, 17.32, 35.50, and 42.32 μM, respectively. Compound 2 exhibited antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the MIC value of 32 μg/mL.
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