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Braconcini M, Gorrasi S, Fenice M, Barghini P, Pasqualetti M. Rambellisea gigliensis and Rambellisea halocynthiae, gen. et spp. nov. (Lulworthiaceae) from the Marine Tunicate Halocynthia papillosa. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:127. [PMID: 38392799 PMCID: PMC10890369 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, 15 Lulworthiales strains isolated from the marine tunicate Halocynthia papillosa collected in the central Tyrrhenian Sea were characterized using a polyphasic approach (morpho-physiological, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses). Based on multi-locus phylogenetic inference and morphological characters, a new genus, Rambellisea, and two new species, R. halocynthiae and R. gigliensis (Lulworthiales), were proposed. Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses using the nuclear ribosomal regions of DNA (nrITS1-nr5.8S-nrITS2, nrLSU, and nrSSU) sequence data strongly supported the new taxa. Phylogenetic inference, estimated using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference, clearly indicates that Rambellisea gen. nov. forms a distinct clade within the order Lulworthiales. Moreover, the two new species were separated into distinct subclades, solidly supported by the analyses. This is the first report of Lulworthiales species isolated from animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Braconcini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Susanna Gorrasi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Fenice
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Laboratory of Applied Marine Microbiology, CoNISMa, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Paolo Barghini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Marcella Pasqualetti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Laboratory of Ecology of Marine Fungi, CoNISMa, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Stipcich P, Balmas V, Jimenez CE, Oufensou S, Ceccherelli G. Cultivable mycoflora on bleached, decaying and healthy Posidonia oceanica leaves in a warm-edge Mediterranean location. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 192:106188. [PMID: 37769557 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine fungi are widely distributed in the ocean, playing an important role in the ecosystems, but only little information is available about their occurrence and activity. Seagrass bleaching is also a neglected phenomenon that seems to be linked to warm environments, even though the causes are still to be defined. In this study, the cultivable mycoflora associated to the leaf conditions (bleached, necrotic and live) and section (from the base to the tip) in the seagrass Posidonia oceanica was investigated in a Mediterranean warm-edge location (Cyprus). A total of 17 Ascomycota species/taxon were identified and results highlighted that mycoflora composition changed significantly in relation to both the leaf condition and section. A few known pathogens of terrestrial plants were detected only on bleached leaves, but it remains unknown whether they have any direct connections with P. oceanica bleaching phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Stipcich
- Department of Chemical Physical Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Virgilio Balmas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Desertification Research Centre (NRD), University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Carlos E Jimenez
- Enalia Physis Environmental Research Centre (ENALIA), Akropoleos 2, Aglantzia 2101, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Safa Oufensou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Desertification Research Centre (NRD), University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giulia Ceccherelli
- Department of Chemical Physical Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Isola D, Prigione VP, Zucconi L, Varese GC, Poli A, Turchetti B, Canini F. Knufia obscura sp. nov. and Knufia victoriae sp. nov., two new species from extreme environments. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Six strains of black meristematic fungi were isolated from Antarctic soils, gasoline car tanks and from the marine alga Flabellia petiolata. These fungi were characterized by morphological, physiological and phylogenetic analyses. According to the maximum-likelihood analysis reconstructed with ITS and LSU sequences, these strains belonged to the genus Knufia. Knufia obscura sp. nov. (holotype CBS 148926) and Knufia victoriae sp. nov. (holotype CBS 149015) are proposed as two novel species and descriptions of their morphological, physiological and phylogenetic features are presented. Based on the maximum-likelihood analyses, K. obscura was closely related to Knufia hypolithi (99 % bootstrap support), while K. victoriae clustered in the clade of Knufia cryptophialidica and Knufia perfecta (93 % bootstrap support). Knufia victoriae, recorded in Antarctic soil samples, had a psychrophilic behaviour, with optimal growth between 10 and 15 °C and no growth recorded at 20 °C. Knufia obscura, from a gasoline car tank and algae, displayed optimal growth between 20 and 25 °C and was more tolerant to salinity than K. victoriae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Isola
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Valeria Paola Prigione
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Zucconi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cristina Varese
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Poli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Benedetta Turchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabiana Canini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, Viterbo 01100, Italy
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Cultivable Fungal Endophytes in Roots, Rhizomes and Leaves of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile along the Coast of Sicily, Italy. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11091139. [PMID: 35567139 PMCID: PMC9105210 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The presence of endophytic fungi in the roots, rhizomes, and leaves of Posidonia oceanica was evaluated in different localities of the Sicilian coast. Samples of roots, rhizomes, and leaves were submitted to isolation techniques, and the obtained fungal colonies were identified by morphological and molecular (rRNA sequencing) analysis. Fungal endophytes occurred mainly in roots and occasionally in rhizomes and leaves. Lulwoana sp. was the most frequent of the isolated taxa, suggesting a strong interaction with the host. In addition, eight other fungal taxa were isolated. In particular, fungi of the genus Ochroconis and family Xylariaceae were identified as endophytes in healthy plants at all sampling stations, whereas Penicillium glabrum was isolated at only one sampling station. Thus, several organs, especially roots of Posidonia oceanica, harbor endophytic fungi, potentially involved in supporting the living host as ascertained for terrestrial plants.
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Jones EBG, Ramakrishna S, Vikineswary S, Das D, Bahkali AH, Guo SY, Pang KL. How Do Fungi Survive in the Sea and Respond to Climate Change? J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030291. [PMID: 35330293 PMCID: PMC8949214 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the over 2000 marine fungi and fungal-like organisms documented so far, some have adapted fully to life in the sea, while some have the ability to tolerate environmental conditions in the marine milieu. These organisms have evolved various mechanisms for growth in the marine environment, especially against salinity gradients. This review highlights the response of marine fungi, fungal-like organisms and terrestrial fungi (for comparison) towards salinity variations in terms of their growth, spore germination, sporulation, physiology, and genetic adaptability. Marine, freshwater and terrestrial fungi and fungal-like organisms vary greatly in their response to salinity. Generally, terrestrial and freshwater fungi grow, germinate and sporulate better at lower salinities, while marine fungi do so over a wide range of salinities. Zoosporic fungal-like organisms are more sensitive to salinity than true fungi, especially Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Labyrinthulomycota and marine Oomycota are more salinity tolerant than saprolegniaceous organisms in terms of growth and reproduction. Wide adaptability to saline conditions in marine or marine-related habitats requires mechanisms for maintaining accumulation of ions in the vacuoles, the exclusion of high levels of sodium chloride, the maintenance of turgor in the mycelium, optimal growth at alkaline pH, a broad temperature growth range from polar to tropical waters, and growth at depths and often under anoxic conditions, and these properties may allow marine fungi to positively respond to the challenges that climate change will bring. Other related topics will also be discussed in this article, such as the effect of salinity on secondary metabolite production by marine fungi, their evolution in the sea, and marine endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. B. Gareth Jones
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.B.G.J.); (A.H.B.)
| | - Sundari Ramakrishna
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.R.); (S.V.); (D.D.)
| | - Sabaratnam Vikineswary
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.R.); (S.V.); (D.D.)
| | - Diptosh Das
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.R.); (S.V.); (D.D.)
| | - Ali H. Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.B.G.J.); (A.H.B.)
| | - Sheng-Yu Guo
- Institute of Marine Biology and Centre of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202301, Taiwan;
| | - Ka-Lai Pang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Centre of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202301, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
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Poli A, Prigione V, Bovio E, Perugini I, Varese GC. Insights on Lulworthiales Inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea and Description of Three Novel Species of the Genus Paralulworthia. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:940. [PMID: 34829227 PMCID: PMC8623521 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The order Lulworthiales, with its sole family Lulworthiaceae, consists of strictly marine genera found on a wide range of substrates such as seagrasses, seaweeds, and seafoam. Twenty-one unidentified Lulworthiales were isolated in previous surveys aimed at broadening our understanding of the biodiversity hosted in the Mediterranean Sea. Here, these organisms, mostly found in association with Posidonia oceanica and with submerged woods, were examined using thorough multi-locus phylogenetic analyses and morphological observations. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian phylogeny based on nrITS, nrSSU, nrLSU, and four protein-coding genes led to the introduction of three novel species of the genus Paralulworthia: P. candida, P. elbensis, and P. mediterranea. Once again, the marine environment is a confirmed huge reservoir of novel fungal lineages with an under-investigated biotechnological potential waiting to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeria Prigione
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy; (A.P.); (E.B.); (I.P.); (G.C.V.)
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Jenssen M, Rainsford P, Juskewitz E, Andersen JH, Hansen EH, Isaksson J, Rämä T, Hansen KØ. Lulworthinone, a New Dimeric Naphthopyrone From a Marine Fungus in the Family Lulworthiaceae With Antibacterial Activity Against Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:730740. [PMID: 34659158 PMCID: PMC8517231 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.730740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria is increasing rapidly in all parts of the world, and the need for new antibiotics is urgent. In our continuous search for new antimicrobial molecules from under-investigated Arctic marine microorganisms, a marine fungus belonging to the family Lulworthiaceae (Lulworthiales, Sordariomycetes, and Ascomycota) was studied. The fungus was isolated from driftwood, cultivated in liquid medium, and studied for its potential for producing antibacterial compounds. Through bioactivity-guided isolation, a novel sulfated biarylic naphtho-α-pyrone dimer was isolated, and its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS. The compound, named lulworthinone (1), showed antibacterial activity against reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae, as well as several clinical MRSA isolates with MICs in the 1.56-6.25 μg/ml range. The compound also had antiproliferative activity against human melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and non-malignant lung fibroblast cell lines, with IC50 values of 15.5, 27, and 32 μg/ml, respectively. Inhibition of bacterial biofilm formation was observed, but no eradication of established biofilm could be detected. No antifungal activity was observed against Candida albicans. During the isolation of 1, the compound was observed to convert into a structural isomer, 2, under acidic conditions. As 1 and 2 have high structural similarity, NMR data acquired for 2 were used to aid in the structure elucidation of 1. To the best of our knowledge, lulworthinone (1) represents the first new bioactive secondary metabolite isolated from the marine fungal order Lulworthiales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte Jenssen
- Marbio, The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Philip Rainsford
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eric Juskewitz
- Research Group for Host Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jeanette H Andersen
- Marbio, The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Espen H Hansen
- Marbio, The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Johan Isaksson
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Teppo Rämä
- Marbio, The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kine Ø Hansen
- Marbio, The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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High-throughput amplicon sequencing of fungi and microbial eukaryotes associated with the seagrass Halophila stipulacea (Forssk.) Asch. from Al-Leith mangroves, Saudi Arabia. Mycol Prog 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-021-01744-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Álvarez-Barragán J, Cravo-Laureau C, Wick LY, Duran R. Fungi in PAH-contaminated marine sediments: Cultivable diversity and tolerance capacity towards PAH. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:112082. [PMID: 33524832 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The cultivable fungal diversity from PAH-contaminated sediments was examined for the tolerance to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). The 85 fungal strains, isolated in non-selective media, revealed a large diversity by ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing, even including possible new species. Most strains (64%) exhibited PAH-tolerance, indicating that sediments retain diverse cultivable PAH-tolerant fungi. The PAH-tolerance was linked neither to a specific taxon nor to the peroxidase genes (LiP, MnP and Lac). Examining the PAH-removal (degradation and/or sorption), Alternaria destruens F10.81 showed the best capacity with above 80% removal for phenanthrene, pyrene and fluoranthene, and around 65% for benzo[a]pyrene. A. destruens F10.81 internalized pyrene homogenously into the hyphae that contrasted with Fusarium pseudoygamai F5.76 in which PAH-vacuoles were observed but PAH removal was below 20%. Thus, our study paves the way for the exploitation of fungi in remediation strategies to mitigate the effect of PAH in coastal marine sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Álvarez-Barragán
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, UPPA/E2S, IPREM UMR CNRS 5254, Bat. IBEAS, Pau, France
| | - Cristiana Cravo-Laureau
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, UPPA/E2S, IPREM UMR CNRS 5254, Bat. IBEAS, Pau, France
| | - Lukas Y Wick
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
| | - Robert Duran
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, UPPA/E2S, IPREM UMR CNRS 5254, Bat. IBEAS, Pau, France.
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