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Mantzios PG, Spyropoulou P, Hatzianastasiou S, Efthymiou D, Filippopoulos E, Mamarelis C, Potsios C, Filioti K, Letsas CA. Pediococcus pentosaceus Endocarditis in a Patient With Recent Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation and Liver Cirrhosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Cureus 2024; 16:e57509. [PMID: 38707070 PMCID: PMC11067400 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is increasingly being used in the management of severe aortic stenosis, mainly in older and/or medically compromised patients, due to its minimally invasive nature. As in any valve replacement procedure, endocarditis is a recognized complication, more so in TAVI patients, in whom comorbidities are highly prevalent. We report the case of a 70-year-old male with a history of liver cirrhosis and a recent TAVI, who presented with recurrent fever and sustainedPediococcus pentosaceus bacteremia. The diagnosis of endocarditis was delayed, as the microorganism was initially discarded as a contaminant, given that Pediococci are rarely described as human pathogens. However, in cirrhotic patients, microbiota may cause intermittent bacteremia and thereby affect prosthetic valves. Transthoracic echocardiography was not helpful in validating the diagnosis, as is often the case in TAVI patients. Transesophageal echocardiography was deemed perilous, due to esophageal varices complicating the underlying cirrhosis. Therefore, endocarditis diagnosis was based on sustained bacteremia and Duke's criteria, including the presence of high fever, a predisposing cardiac lesion, splenic infarction, and the exclusion of an alternative diagnosis. Moreover, cirrhosis enhanced the side effects of treatment and led to the need for regimen changes and prolonged hospitalization. Given the precariousness of the situation, confirmation of treatment success by 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) scan was sought. This is the first reported case of Pediococcus TAVI endocarditis in a cirrhotic patient, highlighting the unique challenges in the diagnosis and management of TAVI endocarditis in patients with co-existing conditions.
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Kelly JJ, Dalesandro BE, Liu Z, Chordia MD, Ongwae GM, Pires MM. Measurement of Accumulation of Antibiotics to Staphylococcus aureus in Phagosomes of Live Macrophages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313870. [PMID: 38051128 PMCID: PMC10799677 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has evolved the ability to persist after uptake into host immune cells. This intracellular niche enables S. aureus to potentially escape host immune responses and survive the lethal actions of antibiotics. While the elevated tolerance of S. aureus to small-molecule antibiotics is likely to be multifactorial, we pose that there may be contributions related to permeation of antibiotics into phagocytic vacuoles, which would require translocation across two mammalian bilayers. To empirically test this, we adapted our recently developed permeability assay to determine the accumulation of FDA-approved antibiotics into phagocytic vacuoles of live macrophages. Bioorthogonal reactive handles were metabolically anchored within the surface of S. aureus, and complementary tags were chemically added to antibiotics. Following phagocytosis of tagged S. aureus cells, we were able to specifically analyze the arrival of antibiotics within the phagosomes of infected macrophages. Our findings enabled the determination of permeability differences between extra- and intracellular S. aureus, thus providing a roadmap to dissect the contribution of antibiotic permeability to intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zichen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Mahendra D. Chordia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - George M. Ongwae
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Marcos M. Pires
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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Kelly JJ, Dalesandro BE, Liu Z, Chordia MD, Ongwae GM, Pires MM. Measurement of Accumulation of Antibiotics to Staphylococcus aureus in Phagosomes of Live Macrophages. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.13.528196. [PMID: 36824967 PMCID: PMC9949086 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.13.528196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) has evolved the ability to persist after uptake into host immune cells. This intracellular niche enables S. aureus to potentially escape host immune responses and survive the lethal actions of antibiotics. While the elevated tolerance of S. aureus to small-molecule antibiotics is likely to be multifactorial, we pose that there may be contributions related to permeation of antibiotics into phagocytic vacuoles, which would require translocation across two mammalian bilayers. To empirically test this, we adapted our recently developed permeability assay to determine the accumulation of FDA-approved antibiotics into phagocytic vacuoles of live macrophages. Bioorthogonal reactive handles were metabolically anchored within the surface of S. aureus, and complementary tags were chemically added to antibiotics. Following phagocytosis of tagged S. aureus cells, we were able to specifically analyze the arrival of antibiotics within the phagosomes of infected macrophages. Our findings enabled the determination of permeability differences between extra- and intracellular S. aureus , thus providing a roadmap to dissect the contribution of antibiotic permeability to intracellular pathogens.
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Bhattacharjee B, Basak M, Das G, Ramesh A. Quinoxaline-based membrane-targeting therapeutic material: Implications in rejuvenating antibiotic and curb MRSA invasion in an in vitro bone cell infection model. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 148:213359. [PMID: 36963341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Manifestation of resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) against multiple antibiotics demands an effective strategy to counter the menace of the pathogen. To address this challenge, the current study explores quinoxaline-based synthetic ligands as an adjuvant material to target MRSA in a combination therapy regimen. Amongst the tested ligands (C1-C4), only C2 was bactericidal against the MRSA strain S. aureus 4 s, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 32 μM. C2 displayed a membrane-directed activity and could effectively hinder MRSA biofilm formation. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that C2 downregulated expression of the regulator gene agrC and reduced the fold change in the expression of adhesin genes fnbA and cnbA in MRSA in a dose-dependent manner. C2 enabled a 4-fold reduction in the MIC of ciprofloxacin (CPX) and in presence of 10 μM C2 and 8.0 μM CPX, growth of MRSA was arrested. Furthermore, a combination of 10 μM C2 and 12 μM CPX could strongly inhibit MRSA biofilm formation and reduce biofilm metabolic activity. The minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of CPX against S. aureus 4 s biofilm was reduced and a synergy resulted between C2 and CPX. In a combinatorial treatment regimen, C2 could prevent emergence of CPX resistance and arrest growth of MRSA till 360 generations. C2 could also be leveraged in combination treatment (12 μM CPX and 10 μM C2) to target MRSA in an in vitro bone cell infection model, wherein MRSA cell adhesion and invasion onto cultured MG-63 cells was only ~17 % and ~ 0.37 %, respectively. The combinatorial treatment regimen was also biocompatible as the viability of MG-63 cells was high (~ 91 %). Thus, C2 is a promising adjuvant material to counter antibiotic-refractory therapy and mitigate MRSA-mediated bone cell infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basu Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Megha Basak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Gopal Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Aiyagari Ramesh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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Xiroudaki S, Sabbatini S, Pecoraro C, Cascioferro S, Diana P, Wauthoz N, Antognelli C, Monari C, Giovagnoli S, Schoubben A. Development of a new indole derivative dry powder for inhalation for the treatment of biofilm-associated lung infections. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122492. [PMID: 36528190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to produce an inhalable dry powder formulation of a new anti-biofilm compound (SC38). For this purpose, chitosan was used as a polymeric carrier and l-leucine as a dispersibility enhancer. SC38 was entrapped by spray-drying into previously optimized chitosan microparticles. The final formulation was fully characterized in vitro in terms of particle morphology, particle size and distribution, flowability, aerodynamic properties, anti-biofilm activity and effects on lung cell viability. The SC38-loaded chitosan microparticles exhibited favorable aerodynamic properties with emitted and respirable fractions higher than 80 % and 45 % respectively. The optimized formulation successfully inhibited biofilm formation at microparticle concentrations starting from 20 μg/mL for methicillin-sensitive and 100 μg/mL for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and showed a relatively safe profile in lung cells after 72 h exposure. Future in vivo tolerability and efficacy studies are needed to unravel the potential of this novel formulation for the treatment of difficult-to-treat biofilm-mediated lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Xiroudaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Samuele Sabbatini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Medical Microbiology Section, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Camilla Pecoraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Stella Cascioferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Nathalie Wauthoz
- Unit of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus Plaine, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Biosciences and Medical Embryology Section, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Claudia Monari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Medical Microbiology Section, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Aurélie Schoubben
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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Mirzaei R, Alikhani MY, Arciola CR, Sedighi I, Irajian G, Jamasbi E, Yousefimashouf R, Bagheri KP. Highly Synergistic Effects of Melittin With Vancomycin and Rifampin Against Vancomycin and Rifampin Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:869650. [PMID: 35814659 PMCID: PMC9260053 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.869650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) strains are increasingly emerging as serious pathogens because they can be resistant to many antibiotics called multidrug resistance (MDR) that limit the therapeutic options. In the case of vancomycin- and rifampin-resistant MDR-MRSE, the physicians are not allowed to increase the doses of antibiotics because of severe toxicity. Accordingly, we investigated the synergistic activity of melittin antimicrobial peptide with vancomycin and rifampin against vancomycin-resistant, and rifampin-resistant MDR-MRSE isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICi), and fractional bactericidal concentration index (FBCi) of antimicrobial agents against isolates were determined. Coagulate activities and serum and salt stability as well as melittin cytotoxicity on the human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and human red blood cells (RBCs) at their synergistic concentrations. MIC and MBC values for melittin were in the range of 0.312–2.5 and 0.312–5, respectively. Results also showed that the interaction of melittin with drugs was highly synergistic in which the geometric means of FICi and FBCi were < 0.5. Induced synergism led to a decrease in melittin, rifampin, and vancomycin concentrations by 8–1,020, 2–16, and 4–16-folds, respectively. This phenomenon caused a reduction in melittin toxicity by which the synergistic concentration of melittin needed to kill bacteria did not show cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity. Besides, no coagulation activity was found for the synergistic and alone concentrations of melittin in both Prothrombin Time (PT) and Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT). Interestingly, the antibacterial activity of melittin in Mueller Hinton Broth (MHB) containing human serum did no significant differences between MIC and MBC values of melittin in MHB and MHB containing 10% human serum. The present findings showed that the therapeutic index of melittin was improved by 32.08- and 12.82-folds when combined with vancomycin and rifampin, respectively. Taken together, the obtained data show that melittin alone was effective against MDR-MRSE isolates and this antimicrobial peptide showed highly synergistic effects with vancomycin and rifampin without causing toxicity. Therefore, the combination of melittin and traditional antibiotics could be a promising strategy for the treatment of infections caused by MDR-MRSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologn, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Iraj Sedighi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - GholamReza Irajian
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Jamasbi
- Research Center of Oils and Fats, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rasoul Yousefimashouf
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Rasoul Yousefimashouf,
| | - Kamran Pooshang Bagheri
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Kamran Pooshang Bagheri,
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Salavert Lletí M, García-Bustos V, Morata Ruiz L, Cabañero-Navalon MD. Tedizolid: new data and experiences for clinical practice. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2021; 34 Suppl 1:22-25. [PMID: 34598418 PMCID: PMC8683013 DOI: 10.37201/req/s01.06.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The most relevant information on the clinical uses of tedizolid from studies published in the last 18 months is presented in this brief review. The most important data indicate better tolerance and safety profile of long-term therapeutic regimes in off-label indications, such as osteoarticular infections and those caused by mycobacteria. Its lower risk of hazardous interactions compared to linezolid should be emphasized. Furthermore, tedizolid in its combination with rifampicin shows a more favourable way of acting as demonstrated in vitro and in vivo studies. A recent trial also opens the door for its potential use in nosocomial pneumonia caused by Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salavert Lletí
- Miguel Salavert, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia. Spain.
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Development of Bisphosphonate-Conjugated Antibiotics to Overcome Pharmacodynamic Limitations of Local Therapy: Initial Results with Carbamate Linked Sitafloxacin and Tedizolid. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060732. [PMID: 34204351 PMCID: PMC8235690 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of local antibiotics to treat bone infections has been questioned due to a lack of clinical efficacy and emerging information about Staphylococcus aureus colonization of the osteocyte-lacuno canalicular network (OLCN). Here we propose bisphosphonate-conjugated antibiotics (BCA) using a “target and release” approach to deliver antibiotics to bone infection sites. A fluorescent bisphosphonate probe was used to demonstrate bone surface labeling adjacent to bacteria in a S. aureus infected mouse tibiae model. Bisphosphonate and hydroxybisphosphonate conjugates of sitafloxacin and tedizolid (BCA) were synthesized using hydroxyphenyl and aminophenyl carbamate linkers, respectively. The conjugates were adequately stable in serum. Their cytolytic activity versus parent drug on MSSA and MRSA static biofilms grown on hydroxyapatite discs was established by scanning electron microscopy. Sitafloxacin O-phenyl carbamate BCA was effective in eradicating static biofilm: no colony formation units (CFU) were recovered following treatment with 800 mg/L of either the bisphosphonate or α-hydroxybisphosphonate conjugated drug (p < 0.001). In contrast, the less labile tedizolid N-phenyl carbamate linked BCA had limited efficacy against MSSA, and MRSA. CFU were recovered from all tedizolid BCA treatments. These results demonstrate the feasibility of BCA eradication of S. aureus biofilm on OLCN bone surfaces and support in vivo drug development of a sitafloxacin BCA.
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Kalam MA, Iqbal M, Alshememry A, Alkholief M, Alshamsan A. UPLC-MS/MS assay of Tedizolid in rabbit aqueous humor: Application to ocular pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1171:122621. [PMID: 33721809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tedizolid phosphate (TZP) a prodrug of Tedizolid (TDZ) is a novel oxazolidinone antibiotic, used for the treatment of acute bacterial skin, skin structure infections and other serious gram positive and MRSA infections. In the present study, a sensitive UPLC-MS/MS analytical method was developed and validated for the quantification of TDZ in rabbit's aqueous humor (AqH) by using linezolid as internal standard (IS). Both TDZ and IS were separated on an Acquity™ HILIC column using an isocratic mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile: 20 mM ammonium acetate (85:15, v/v), eluted at 0.3mLmin-1 flow rate with total run time of 3 min. The AqH samples were processed by protein precipitation method by using acetonitrile as precipitating agent. TDZ and IS were detected in positive mode using electrospray ionization source. The precursor to product ion transitions at m/z 371.15 to 343.17 for TDZ and m/z 338.18 to 296.22 for IS were used for the quantification in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 4.98-1000ngmL-1 and the lower limit of detection was 1.97ngmL-1 only. The method was validated following US-FDA-guidelines and the results of validation parameter were found within the set limits. The developed UPLC-MS/MS method was fast, sensitive and reliable for the quantification of TDZ in the rabbit AqH and was successfully employed for ocular pharmacokinetic study of TDZ in AqH after topical ocular application of TZP-containing formulations in rabbit eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Abul Kalam
- Nanobiotechnology Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muzaffar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Bioavailability Unit, Central Lab, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alshememry
- Nanobiotechnology Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaed Alkholief
- Nanobiotechnology Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aws Alshamsan
- Nanobiotechnology Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Bai Z, Chen M, Lin Q, Ye Y, Fan H, Wen K, Zeng J, Huang D, Mo W, Lei Y, Liao Z. Identification of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus From Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus and Molecular Characterization in Quanzhou, China. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629681. [PMID: 33553185 PMCID: PMC7858276 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To distinguish Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in the protein sequences level, test the susceptibility to antibiotic of all Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Quanzhou hospitals, define the virulence factor and molecular characteristics of the MRSA isolates. MRSA and MSSA Pfam protein sequences were used to extract feature vectors of 188D, n-gram and 400D. Weka software was applied to classify the two Staphylococcus aureus and performance effect was evaluated. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the 81 Staphylococcus aureus was performed by the Mérieux Microbial Analysis Instrument. The 65 MRSA isolates were characterized by Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), X polymorphic region of Protein A (spa), multilocus sequence typing test (MLST), staphylococcus chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) typing. After comparing the results of Weka six classifiers, the highest correctly classified rates were 91.94, 70.16, and 62.90% from 188D, n-gram and 400D, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility test of the 81 Staphylococcus aureus: Penicillin-resistant rate was 100%. No resistance to teicoplanin, linezolid, and vancomycin. The resistance rate of the MRSA isolates to clindamycin, erythromycin and tetracycline was higher than that of the MSSAs. Among the 65 MRSA isolates, the positive rate of PVL gene was 47.7% (31/65). Seventeen sequence types (STs) were identified among the 65 isolates, and ST59 was the most prevalent. SCCmec type III and IV were observed at 24.6 and 72.3%, respectively. Two isolates did not be typed. Twenty-one spa types were identified, spa t437 (34/65, 52.3%) was the most predominant type. MRSA major clone type of molecular typing was CC59-ST59-spa t437-IV (28/65, 43.1%). Overall, 188D feature vectors can be applied to successfully distinguish MRSA from MSSA. In Quanzhou, the detection rate of PVL virulence factor was high, suggesting a high pathogenic risk of MRSA infection. The cross-infection of CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA was presented, the molecular characteristics were increasingly blurred, HA-MRSA with typical CA-MRSA molecular characteristics has become an important cause of healthcare-related infections. CC59-ST59-spa t437-IV was the main clone type in Quanzhou, which was rare in other parts of mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Bai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Jinjiang, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Microbiological Laboratory Sanming Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sanming, China
| | - Qiaofa Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kaizhen Wen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Jinjiang, China
| | - Jianxing Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Jinjiang, China
| | - Donghong Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wenfei Mo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Lei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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