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Ali MS, Na SH, Moon BY, Kang HY, Kang HS, Kim SJ, Kim TS, Heo YE, Hwang YJ, Yoon SS, Lim SK. Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Molecular Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates from Food Animals During 2010-2021 in South Korea. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024. [PMID: 39029478 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella is emerging as a worldwide public health concern. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles and molecular characteristics of ESBL-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). We obtained a total of 995 S. Typhimurium isolates from the feces and carcasses of pigs (n = 678), chickens (n = 202), and cattle (n = 115) during 2010-2021 in Korea. We found that 35 S. Typhimurium isolates (3.5%) showed resistance to ceftiofur: pigs (51.4%, 18/35) and cattle (42.9%, 15/35). All of the ceftiofur-resistant S. Typhimurium isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance. Moreover, ceftiofur-resistant S. Typhimurium isolates displayed significantly higher rates of resistance to chloramphenicol and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole than ceftiofur-susceptible S. Typhimurium isolates (p < 0.05). The ceftiofur-resistant S. Typhimurium isolates produced four different CTX-M-type β-lactamase, comprising blaCTX-M-55 in the majority (51.4%, 18/35), followed by blaCTX-M-65 (28.6%, 10/35), blaCTX-M-14 (17.1%, 6/35), and blaCTX-M-1 (2.9%, 1/35). Among the 35 ceftiofur-resistant S. Typhimurium isolates, 16 blaCTX-M-55-positive isolates and one blaCTX-M-1-positive isolate were transferred to recipient Escherichia coli RG488 by conjugation. The predominantly found transposable units were blaCTX-M-55-orf477 (45.7%, 16/35), followed by blaCTX-M-65-IS903 (28.6%, 10/35) and blaCTX-M-14-IS903 (17.1%, 6/35). Ceftiofur-resistant S. Typhimurium represented 19 types, with types P1-19 (22.9%, 8/35) and P12-34 (22.9%, 8/35) making up the majority and being found in most farms nationwide. Sequence types (STs) were different by animal species: ST19 (48.6%, 17/35) and ST34 (42.9%, 15/35) were mostly found STs in pigs and cattle, respectively. These findings showed that food animals, especially pigs and cattle, act as reservoirs of blaCTX-M-harboring S. Typhimurium that can potentially be spread to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sekendar Ali
- Department of Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Bacterial Disease Division, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hyeon Na
- Department of Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Bacterial Disease Division, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Youn Moon
- Department of Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Bacterial Disease Division, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Kang
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Kang
- Department of Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Bacterial Disease Division, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Kim
- Department of Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Bacterial Disease Division, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sun Kim
- Public Health and Environment Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Heo
- Department of Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Bacterial Disease Division, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jeong Hwang
- Department of Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Bacterial Disease Division, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Seek Yoon
- Department of Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Bacterial Disease Division, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Department of Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Bacterial Disease Division, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
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Harmer CJ, Hall RM. IS 26 and the IS 26 family: versatile resistance gene movers and genome reorganizers. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0011922. [PMID: 38436262 PMCID: PMC11332343 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00119-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYIn Gram-negative bacteria, the insertion sequence IS26 is highly active in disseminating antibiotic resistance genes. IS26 can recruit a gene or group of genes into the mobile gene pool and support their continued dissemination to new locations by creating pseudo-compound transposons (PCTs) that can be further mobilized by the insertion sequence (IS). IS26 can also enhance expression of adjacent potential resistance genes. IS26 encodes a DDE transposase but has unique properties. It forms cointegrates between two separate DNA molecules using two mechanisms. The well-known copy-in (replicative) route generates an additional IS copy and duplicates the target site. The recently discovered and more efficient and targeted conservative mechanism requires an IS in both participating molecules and does not generate any new sequence. The unit of movement for PCTs, known as a translocatable unit or TU, includes only one IS26. TU formed by homologous recombination between the bounding IS26s can be reincorporated via either cointegration route. However, the targeted conservative reaction is key to generation of arrays of overlapping PCTs seen in resistant pathogens. Using the copy-in route, IS26 can also act on a site in the same DNA molecule, either inverting adjacent DNA or generating an adjacent deletion plus a circular molecule carrying the DNA segment lost and an IS copy. If reincorporated, these circular molecules create a new PCT. IS26 is the best characterized IS in the IS26 family, which includes IS257/IS431, ISSau10, IS1216, IS1006, and IS1008 that are also implicated in spreading resistance genes in Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Harmer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruth M. Hall
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Moraes DMC, Almeida AMDS, Andrade MA, Nascente EDP, Duarte SC, Nunes IA, Jayme VDS, Minafra C. Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Salmonella sp. Isolates from Commercial Laying Hen Farms in Central-Western Brazil. Microorganisms 2024; 12:669. [PMID: 38674612 PMCID: PMC11052260 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial resistance to antibiotics poses a significant threat to both human and animal health, necessitating international efforts to mitigate this issue. This study aimed to assess the resistance profiles of Salmonella sp. isolates and identify the presence of intl1, sul1, and blaTEM resistance genes within antigenically characterized isolates, including Agona, Livingstone, Cerro, Schwarzengrund, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype O:4.5, Anatum, Enteritidis, Johannesburg, Corvallis, and Senftenberg. These isolates underwent susceptibility testing against 14 antibiotics. The highest resistance percentages were noted for sulfamethoxazole (91%), sulfonamides (51%), and ceftiofur (28.9%), while no resistance was observed for ciprofloxacin. Salmonella Johannesburg and Salmonella Corvallis showed resistance to one antibiotic, whereas other serovars were resistant to at least two. Salmonella Schwarzengrund exhibited resistance to 13 antibiotics. The intl1 gene was detected in six out of the ten serovars, and the sul1 gene in three, always co-occurring with intl1. The blaTEM gene was not identified. Our findings highlight the risk posed by the detected multiple resistances and genes to animal, human, and environmental health. The multidrug resistance, especially to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, highlights the need for stringent monitoring of Salmonella in laying hens. The potential of the environment, humans, eggs, and their products to act as vectors for antibiotic resistance represents a significant concern for One Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunya Mara Cardoso Moraes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74605-080, Goiás, Brazil; (D.M.C.M.); (A.M.D.S.A.); (M.A.A.); (E.d.P.N.); (I.A.N.); (V.D.S.J.)
| | - Ana Maria De Souza Almeida
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74605-080, Goiás, Brazil; (D.M.C.M.); (A.M.D.S.A.); (M.A.A.); (E.d.P.N.); (I.A.N.); (V.D.S.J.)
| | - Maria Auxiliadora Andrade
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74605-080, Goiás, Brazil; (D.M.C.M.); (A.M.D.S.A.); (M.A.A.); (E.d.P.N.); (I.A.N.); (V.D.S.J.)
| | - Eduardo de Paula Nascente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74605-080, Goiás, Brazil; (D.M.C.M.); (A.M.D.S.A.); (M.A.A.); (E.d.P.N.); (I.A.N.); (V.D.S.J.)
| | | | - Iolanda Aparecida Nunes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74605-080, Goiás, Brazil; (D.M.C.M.); (A.M.D.S.A.); (M.A.A.); (E.d.P.N.); (I.A.N.); (V.D.S.J.)
| | - Valéria De Sá Jayme
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74605-080, Goiás, Brazil; (D.M.C.M.); (A.M.D.S.A.); (M.A.A.); (E.d.P.N.); (I.A.N.); (V.D.S.J.)
| | - Cíntia Minafra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74605-080, Goiás, Brazil; (D.M.C.M.); (A.M.D.S.A.); (M.A.A.); (E.d.P.N.); (I.A.N.); (V.D.S.J.)
- Center for Food Research, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74660-970, Goiás, Brazil
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Xie M, Chen K, Chan EWC, Chen S. Identification and genetic characterization of two conjugative plasmids that confer azithromycin resistance in Salmonella. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1049-1057. [PMID: 35333699 PMCID: PMC9009942 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2058420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
With the development of multidrug resistance in Salmonella spp. in recent years, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin have become the principal antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of Salmonella infections. The underlying mechanisms of plasmid-mediated ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone resistance have attracted extensive research interest, but not much is focused on azithromycin resistance in Salmonella. In this study, we investigated the genetic features of two conjugative plasmids and a non-transferable virulence plasmid that encode azithromycin resistance in food-borne Salmonella strains. We showed that the azithromycin resistance phenotype of these strains was conferred by erm(B) gene and/or the complete genetic structure IS26-mph(A)-mrx-mphR-IS6100. Comparative genetic analysis showed that these conjugative plasmids might originate from Escherichia coli and play a role in the rapid dissemination of azithromycin resistance in Salmonella. These conjugative plasmids may also serve as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Salmonella in which these AMR genes may be acquired by the virulence plasmids of Salmonella via genetic transposition events. Importantly, the formation of a novel macrolide-resistance and virulence-encoding plasmid, namely pS1380-118 kb, was observed in this study. This plasmid was found to exhibit transmission potential and pose a serious health threat as the extensive transmission of azithromycin resistant and virulent Salmonella strains would further compromise the effectiveness of treatment for salmonellosis. Further surveillance and research on the dissemination and evolution routes of pS1380-118kb-like plasmids in potential human pathogens of the family of Enterobacteriaceae are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kaichao Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Edward Wai-Chi Chan
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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