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Quintero-Corrales CA, Vega M, Ramírez-Terrazo A, Águila B, Garibay-Orijel R. Downfall of an empire: Unmasking the hidden diversity and distribution of the Amanita rubescens species complex. Mycologia 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38913569 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2355276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Amanita is one of the most salient mushroom genera due to its cultural, economic, and medical importance. Recently, many new Amanita species have been described worldwide, increasing the genus richness. However, several clades have cryptic diversity, and many species complexes have not yet been resolved. This is the case of the rubescent species in the Validae section, which have been widely cited under the name Amanita rubescens s.l. We used a four-locus matrix (nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer [ITS] and 28S regions and genes for RNA polymerase II subunit 2 [rpb2], translation elongation factor 1-α [tef1-α], and β-tubulin [tub2]) to solve the phylogenetic relationships within the Amanita section Validae. To analyze the diversity and distribution patterns of species, we used an extensive ITS sequence sampling including environmental DNA databases. The phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the Validae section is divided into three monophyletic and highly supported major clades: Mappae, Validae, and Rubescentes. At least 11 species-level clades within the Rubescentes clade were highly supported: A. cruentilemurum nom. prov. A. brunneolocularis, A. rubescens s.s. (European clade), A. rubescens s.s. (Asiatic clade), A. orsonii s.s. A. 'orsonii,' A. aureosubucula nom. prov., A. novinupta, A. flavorubens, and two undescribed North American species. We proved that A. rubescens s.s. has two segregated populations (European and Asiatic) and it is not naturally distributed in America. Furthermore, we found that America has more cryptic species within the Rubescentes clade than Eurasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Quintero-Corrales
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510 México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510 México
| | - Melania Vega
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510 México
- Genética de la Conservación, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510 México
| | - Amaranta Ramírez-Terrazo
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510 México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510 México
| | - Bernardo Águila
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510 México
| | - Roberto Garibay-Orijel
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510 México
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Liu YS, Liu JK, Kumla J, Suwannarach N, Lumyong S. Taxonomic Novelties and New Records of Amanita Subgenus Amanitina from Thailand. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:601. [PMID: 37367537 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Amanita subgenus Amanitina contains six sections, and the species diversity of this subgenus has still not been explored in Thailand. Twenty samples collected in 2019 and 2020, which had the morphological characteristics of the Amanita subgen. Amanitina, were observed in this study. Both the microscopical characteristics and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of the ITS, nrLSU, RPB2, TEF1-α, and TUB gene regions revealed that the 20 samples represented nine species and dispersed into four sections. Remarkably, three taxa were different from any other currently known species. Here, we describe them as new to science, namely A. albifragilis, A. claristriata, and A. fulvisquamea. Moreover, we also recognized six interesting taxa, including four records that were new to Thailand, viz. A. cacaina, A. citrinoannulata, A. griseofarinosa, and A. neoovoidea, as well as two previously recorded species, A. caojizong and A. oberwinkleriana. Moreover, we provide the first RPB2 and TEF1-α gene sequences for A. cacaina. Detailed descriptions, illustrations as line drawings, and comparisons with related taxa are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan S Liu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Applied Microbiology (International Program), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jian-Kui Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
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Historical biogeography and diversification of ringless Amanita (section Vaginatae) support an African origin and suggest niche conservatism in the Americas. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 178:107644. [PMID: 36243328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) sustain nutrient recycling in most terrestrial ecosystems, yet we know little about what major biogeographical events gave rise to present-day diversity and distribution patterns. Given the strict relationship between some ECM lineages and their hosts, geographically well-sampled phylogenies are central to understanding major evolutionary processes of fungal biodiversity patterns. Here, we focus on Amanita sect. Vaginatae to address global diversity and distribution patterns. Ancestral-state-reconstruction based on a 4-gene timetree with over 200 species supports an African origin between the late Paleocene and the early Eocene (ca. 56 Ma). Major biogeographic "out-of-Africa" events include multiple dispersal events to Southeast Asia (ca. 45-21 Ma), Madagascar (ca. 18 Ma), and the current Amazonian basin (ca. 45-36 Ma), the last two likely trans-oceanic. Later events originating in Southeast Asia involve Nearctic dispersal to North America (ca. 20-5 Ma), Oceania (Australia and New Zealand; ca. 15 Ma), and Europe (ca. 10-5 Ma). Subsequent dispersals were also inferred from Southeast Asia to East Asia (ca. 4 Ma); from North America to East Asia (ca. 11-8 Ma), Southeast Asia (ca. 19-2 Ma), Northern Andes (ca. 15 Ma), and Europe (ca. 15-2 Ma), respectively; and from the Amazon to the Caribbean region (ca. 25-20 Ma). Finally, we detected a significant increase in the net diversification rates in the branch leading to most northern temperate species in addition to higher state-dependent diversification rates in temperate lineages, consistent with previous findings. These results suggest that species of sect. Vaginatae likely have higher dispersal ability and higher adaptability to new environments, in particular compared to those of its sister clade, sect. Caesareae. Overall, the much wider distribution of A. sect. Vaginatae, from pan-tropical to pan-arctic, provides a unique window to understanding niche conservatism across a species-rich clade of ECM fungi.
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Alvarado P, Gasch-Illescas A, Morel S, Dagher-Kharrat MB, Moreno G, Manjón JL, Carteret X, Bellanger JM, Rapior S, Gelardi M, Moreau PA. Amanita Section Phalloideae Species in the Mediterranean Basin: Destroying Angels Reviewed. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050770. [PMID: 35625498 PMCID: PMC9138314 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Whitish lethal species of Amanita sect. Phalloideae (‘destroying angels’) are known to be among the most poisonous fungi worldwide due to their production of amatoxins. The taxonomy of species occurring in the Mediterranean region is here revised, clarifying the identity of several names. Amanita decipiens, A. porrinensis, and A. virosa var. levipes are here considered later heterotypic synonyms of A. verna, A. phalloides, and A. amerivirosa, respectively, while a new name, A. vidua, is proposed for a spring-occurring taxon. The amatoxins and phallotoxins present in Mediterranean destroying angels were characterized, and their epidemiology discussed on the basis of the case study of available data from Spain. Abstract In Europe, amatoxin-containing mushrooms are responsible for most of the deadly poisonings caused by macrofungi. The present work presents a multidisciplinary revision of the European species of Amanita sect. Phalloideae based on morphology, phylogeny, epidemiology, and biochemistry of amatoxins and phallotoxins. Five distinct species of this section have been identified in Europe to date: A. phalloides, A. virosa, A. verna, the recently introduced North American species A. amerivirosa, and A. vidua sp. nov., which is a new name proposed for the KOH-negative Mediterranean species previously described as A. verna or A. decipiens by various authors. Epitypes or neotypes are selected for species lacking suitable reference collections, namely A. verna and A. virosa. Three additional taxa, Amanita decipiens, A. porrinensis, and A. virosa var. levipes are here considered later heterotypic synonyms of A. verna, A. phalloides, and A. amerivirosa, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Alvarado
- ALVALAB, Dr. Fernando Bongera St., Severo Ochoa Bldg. S1.04, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonia Gasch-Illescas
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, San Fernando 4, E-41004 Sevilla, Spain;
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Sylvie Morel
- Laboratory of Botany, Phytochemistry and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, CS 14491, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France; (S.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Magda Bou Dagher-Kharrat
- Laboratoire «Caractérisation Génomique des Plantes», Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Rue de Damas, BP 17-5208, Mar Mikhaël, Beyrouth 1104 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Gabriel Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida-Botánica, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (G.M.); (J.L.M.)
| | - José Luis Manjón
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida-Botánica, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (G.M.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Xavier Carteret
- Independent Researcher, 68, Rue Alexis Maneyrol, 92370 Chaville, France;
| | - Jean-Michel Bellanger
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, INSERM, 1919 Route de Mende, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France;
| | - Sylvie Rapior
- Laboratory of Botany, Phytochemistry and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, CS 14491, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France; (S.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Matteo Gelardi
- Associazione Micologica Ecologica Romana (AMER) APS, Via Tuscolana 548, I-00181 Rome, Italy;
- Independent Researcher, Via dei Barattoli 3A, I-00061 Anguillara Sabazia, Italy
| | - Pierre-Arthur Moreau
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Lille, 3 rue du Pr Laguesse, 59000 Lille, France;
- EA 4489 LGCgE, Université Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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