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Jiang X, Wang M, Yang S, He D, Fang F, Yang L. The response of structure and nitrogen removal function of the biofilm on submerged macrophytes to high ammonium in constructed wetlands. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 142:129-141. [PMID: 38527879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The ammonium exceedance discharge from sewage treatment plants has a great risk to the stable operation of subsequent constructed wetlands (CWs). The effects of high ammonium shocks on submerged macrophytes and epiphytic biofilms on the leaves of submerged macrophytes in CWs were rarely mentioned in previous studies. In this paper, the 16S rRNA sequencing method was used to investigate the variation of the microbial communities in biofilms on the leaves of Vallisneria natans plants while the growth characteristics of V. natans plants were measured at different initial ammonium concentrations. The results demonstrated that the total chlorophyll and soluble sugar synthesis of V. natans plants decreased by 51.45% and 57.16%, respectively, and malondialdehyde content increased threefold after 8 days if the initial NH4+-N concentration was more than 5 mg/L. Algal density, bacterial quantity, dissolved oxygen, and pH increased with high ammonium shocks. The average removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and NH4+-N reached 73.26% and 83.94%, respectively. The heat map and relative abundance analysis represented that the relative abundances of phyla Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidetes increased. The numbers of autotrophic nitrifiers and heterotrophic nitrification aerobic denitrification (HNAD) bacteria expanded in biofilms. In particular, HNAD bacteria of Flavobacterium, Hydrogenophaga, Acidovorax, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, and Azospira had higher abundances than autotrophic nitrifiers because there were organic matters secreted from declining leaves of V. natans plants. The analysis of the nitrogen metabolic pathway showed aerobic denitrification was the main nitrogen removal pathway. Thus, the nitrification and denitrification bacterial communities increased in epiphytic biofilms on submerged macrophytes in constructed wetlands while submerged macrophytes declined under ammonium shock loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shunqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Di He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fei Fang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Cheng S, Zhang S, Huang M, Liu Y, Zou X, Chen X, Zhang Z. Treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs: progress from mechanisms to clinical applications. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1411278. [PMID: 39099595 PMCID: PMC11294244 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1411278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nARMD) is an important cause of visual impairment and blindness in the elderly, with choroidal neovascularization in the macula as the main pathological feature. The onset of nARMD is closely related to factors including age, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important factor contributing to nARMD as well as choroidal neovascularization and retinal leakage formation. At present, anti-VEGF therapy is the only treatment that improves vision and halts disease progression in most patients, making anti-VEGF drugs a landmark development for nARMD treatment. Although intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs has become the first-line treatment for nARMD, this treatment has many shortcomings including repeated injections, poor or no response in some patients, and complications such as retinal fibrosis. As a result, several new anti-VEGF drugs are being developed. This review provides a discussion of these new anti-VEGF drugs for the treatment of nARMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zuhai Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Lai X, Li X, Song J, Yuan H, Duan L. Enhanced nitrogen removal performance of nitrogen-rich saline wastewater by marine anammox bacteria: Based on different influent loading strengths. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120330. [PMID: 38364538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
In an anaerobic sequential batch reactor (SBR), marine anammox bacteria (MAB) were able to enhance microbial activity in nitrogen-rich saline wastewater and it was significantly affected by influent substrate composition and loading strength. This study therefore enhanced nitrogen removal efficiency by adjusting the influent nitrogen loading strength of MAB-inoculated anaerobic SBRs and assessed the correlation with the bacterial community. The results displayed that the system obtained optimal nitrogen removal efficiency (TN = 83.52%, NH4-N = 90.14%, and NO2-N = 83.57%) as the strength of influent nitrogen loading was increased to 201.35 mg L-1 for NH4-N and 266.42 mg L-1 for NO2-N. Moreover, the increase in the strength of influent nitrogen loading also enhanced the anammox 16S rRNA abundance (4.09 × 108 copies g-1) and ladderanes content (22.49 ng g-1dw). Analysis of 15N isotope further illustrated that all systems were dominated by anammox (average ra = 95.22%). In conclusion, these findings provide scientific guidance for the management of eutrophic seawater and contribute to the realization of industrial applications for the treatment of nitrogen-rich saline wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Lai
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuegang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jinming Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | - Huamao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Liqin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Dhar V, Singh R. Biohydrogen production potential with sulfate and nitrate removal by heat-pretreated enriched sulfate-reducing microorganisms-based bioelectrochemical system. Arch Microbiol 2022; 205:7. [PMID: 36454386 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study, heat-pretreated sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRBs) were evaluated for simultaneous sulfate and nitrate removal in a bioelectrochemical system (BES). The effect of the applied potential of 20 mV to SRBs was evaluated at a sulfate concentration of 3 g/L and/or nitrate concentration of 0.5 g/L supplemented before heat pretreatment for sulfate and nitrate removal. The highest H2 production of 2.24 ± 0.04 mM/L in heat-pretreated culture was observed in the presence of sulfate at an applied potential of 20 mV (BHE-S). Simultaneous reduction of sulfate and nitrate was significant in BESs supplemented with either sulfate or nitrate during heat-shock pretreatment of the culture. The highest SO42- removal of 88.91 ± 0.8% was found in culture heat pretreated with NO3- and applied with 20 mV potential (BHE-N). The kinetics of heat-pretreated culture showed higher R2 and ultimate potential for H2 on the continuous application of 20 mV potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Dhar
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, India.
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Patel R, Clark AK, DeStefano G, DeStefano I, Gogoj H, Gray E, Patel AY, Hauner JT, Caputo GA, Vaden TD. Sequence-specific destabilization of azurin by tetramethylguanidinium-dipeptide ionic liquids. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 30:101242. [PMID: 35280523 PMCID: PMC8907678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal unfolding of the copper redox protein azurin was studied in the presence of four different dipeptide-based ionic liquids (ILs) utilizing tetramethylguanidinium as the cation. The four dipeptides have different sequences including the amino acids Ser and Asp: TMG-AspAsp, TMG-SerSer, TMG-SerAsp, and TMG-AspSer. Thermal unfolding curves generated from temperature-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy experiments showed that TMG-AspAsp and TMG-SerSer have minor destabilizing effects on the protein while TMG-AspSer and TMG-SerAsp strongly destabilize azurin. Red-shifted fluorescence signatures in the 25 °C correlate with the observed protein destabilization in the solutions with TMG-AspSer and TMG-SerAsp. These signals could correspond to interactions between the Asp residue in the dipeptide and the azurin Trp residue in the unfolded state. These results, supported by appropriate control experiments, suggest that dipeptide sequence-specific interactions lead to selective protein destabilization and motivate further studies of TMG-dipeptide ILs. Four different dipeptide-based ionic liquids were prepared with TMG as cation. The dipeptides included all four sequences containing Asp and Ser. The ionic liquids destabilizing effects on the protein azurin were measured. Different dipeptide sequences have different effects on the protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshani Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Austin K Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Gabriella DeStefano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Isabella DeStefano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Hunter Gogoj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Erin Gray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Aashka Y Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Joshua T Hauner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Timothy D Vaden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
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