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Elbeshehy EKF, Hassan WM, Baeshen AA. Controlling Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV) Infection in Pepper Seedlings by Use of Chemically Synthetic Silver Nanoparticles. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010139. [PMID: 36615333 PMCID: PMC9822145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the roles of different concentrations of chemical synthetic spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in protecting pepper seedlings of the Mecca region, which were naturally and artificially infected by the pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). The virus shows many infection symptoms, including pepper leaf deformation with filiform leaves and severe mosaic symptoms. Our study focused on the antiviral activity of different concentrations of spherical nanoparticles in controlling PMMoV infecting pepper seedlings. PMMoV identification was confirmed via DAS-ELISA using the following antiserum: PMMoV, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), potato virus Y (PVY), and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The presence of PMMoV was confirmed using electron microscopy and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We evaluated the effects of exogenously applied different concentrations of AgNPs on CMV infection rate, infection severity, virus concentration, and the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid content, phenolic compounds, and protein components in virus-infected plant cells that were treated with three different concentration of nanoparticles (200, 300, and 400 µg/L) compared to the positive and negative control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam K. F. Elbeshehy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Wael M. Hassan
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Department of Biology, Quwayiyah College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Riyadh 19257, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej A. Baeshen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
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Chen X, Luo H, Zhang J, Ma Y, Li K, Xiong F, Yang Y, Yang J, Lan P, Wei T, Xu Y, Chen H, Li F. Synergism Among the Four Tobacco Bushy Top Disease Casual Agents in Symptom Induction and Aphid Transmission. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:846857. [PMID: 35444628 PMCID: PMC9014100 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.846857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco bushy top disease (TBTD), caused by multiple pathogens including tobacco bushy top virus (TBTV), tobacco vein distorting virus (TVDV), TBTV satellite RNA (TBTVsatRNA), and TVDV-associated RNA (TVDVaRNA), is a destructive disease in tobacco fields. To date, how these causal agents are co-transmitted by aphid vectors in field and their roles in disease symptom induction remain largely unknown, due mainly to the lack of purified causal agents. In this study, we have constructed four full-length infectious clones, representing the Yunnan Kunming isolates of TVDV, TBTV, TBTVsatRNA, and TVDVaRNA (TVDV-YK, TBTV-YK, TBTVsatRNA-YK, and TVDVaRNA-YK), respectively. Co-inoculation of these four causal agents to tobacco K326 plants caused typical TBTD symptoms, including smaller leaves, necrosis, and plant stunting. In addition, inoculation of tobacco K326 plants with TBTV alone caused necrosis in systemic leaves by 7 dpi. Tobacco K326 and Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected by single virus or multiple viruses showed very different disease symptoms at various dpi. RT-PCR results indicated that co-infection of TVDVaRNA-YK could increase TVDV-YK or TBTV-YK accumulation in N. benthamiana plants, suggesting that TVDVaRNA-YK can facilitate TVDV-YK and TBTV-YK replication and/or movement in the infected plants. Aphid transmission assays showed that the successful transmission of TBTV-YK, TBTVsatRNA-YK, and TVDVaRNA-YK by Myzus persicae depended on the presence of TVDV-YK, while the presence of TBTVsatRNA-YK increased the aphid transmission efficiency of TBTV and TVDV. We consider that these four new infectious clones will allow us to further dissect the roles of these four causal agents in TBTD induction as well as aphid transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hengming Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Kehua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yahui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Pingxiu Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hairu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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