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Dai Y, Gan L, Lan C, Liu X, Liu W, Yang X. Population structure and mixed reproductive strategies in Bipolaris maydis from single and multiple corn cultivars in Fujian Province, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1232414. [PMID: 37860250 PMCID: PMC10583543 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1232414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Bipolaris maydis is the pathogenic microorganism of southern corn leaf blight, a persistent biotic constraint responsible for substantial yield losses of corn worldwide. In the present study, 96 isolates from six representative fields growing single and multiple sweet corn cultivars in Pingnan, Fuqing, and Jian'ou in Fujian Province, which are characterized by different geographical characteristics and cropping patterns, were genetically analyzed using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to assess the impact of geographical origins and corn cultivars on B. maydis population differentiation. B. maydis isolates originated from diverse regions possessed higher genetic variety than those from single and multiple sweet corn cultivars. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates from single and multiple sweet corn cultivars were randomly grouped into different clusters, with those from the same location tending to form clusters. A greater genetic differentiation among different geographical populations than between those from single and multiple sweet corn cultivars was observed by pairwise comparison. Hierarchical analysis indicated that among-population variation was higher when comparatively analyzed B. maydis populations from different locations than in those from single and multiple sweet corn cultivars. In conclusion, these results suggest that geographical origin acts a more considerable role in genetic differentiation of B. maydis than corn cultivar. Two divided genetic clusters were detected in the B. maydis populations from single and multiple sweet corn cultivars at the three locations in Fujian Province, with major genetic variation being derived within populations. The high haplotypic diversity and expected mating type ratio of 1:1 in combination with significant linkage disequilibrium suggested that a mixed reproductive strategy occurs in the B. maydis population in Fujian Province. This study will enrich the information on the role that geographical origins and corn cultivars play in the population structure of the pathogen as well as the reproductive strategies in B. maydis population in Fujian Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Dai
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Gan
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chengzhong Lan
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Anwer MA, Niwas R, Ranjan T, Mandal SS, Ansar M, Srivastava JN, Kumar J, Jain K, Kumari N, Bharti A. Molecular and Morphological Characterization of Exserohilum turcicum (Passerini) Leonard and Suggs Causing Northern Corn Leaf Blight of Maize in Bihar. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:403. [PMID: 36004928 PMCID: PMC9405478 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9080403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize is considered the third most important cereal crop in Asia after rice and wheat. Many diseases affect this crop due to the cultivation of various hybrids. This research aimed to characterize the causative agent of northern corn leaf blight disease in Bihar, India, caused by Exserohilum turcicum (Passerini) Leonard and Suggs. Leaf samples were collected from infected fields in five maize growing districts of Bihar in 2020-2022. A total of 45 fungal isolates from 135 samples were examined for cultural, morphological, and molecular characteristics and were identified as E. turcicum. The isolates were grouped into four groups based on colony color, i.e., olivaceous brown, blackish brown, whitish black, and grayish, and into two groups based on regular and irregular margins. The conidial shapes were observed to be elongated and spindle-shaped with protruding hilum, with conidial septa ranging from 2-12. Similarly, conidial length varied from 52.94 μm to 144.12 μm. β-tubulin gene sequences analysis made it possible to verify the identities of fungal strains and the phylogenetic relationships of all isolates, which were clustered in the same clade. The β-tubulin gene sequences of all the isolates showed a high level of similarity (100%) with reference isolates from GenBank accession numbers KU670342.1, KU670344.1, KU670343.1, KU670341.1, and KU670340.1. The findings of this study will serve as a baseline for future studies and will help to minimize yield losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arshad Anwer
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour 813210, Bhagalpur, India
| | - Ram Niwas
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour 813210, Bhagalpur, India
| | - Tushar Ranjan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour 813210, Bhagalpur, India
| | - Shyam Sundar Mandal
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour 813210, Bhagalpur, India
| | - Mohammad Ansar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour 813210, Bhagalpur, India
| | | | - Jitesh Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour 813210, Bhagalpur, India
| | - Khushbu Jain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour 813210, Bhagalpur, India
| | - Neha Kumari
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour 813210, Bhagalpur, India
| | - Aditya Bharti
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour 813210, Bhagalpur, India
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Cui L, Deng J, Zhao L, Hu Y, Liu T. Genetic Diversity and Population Genetic Structure of Setosphaeria turcica From Sorghum in Three Provinces of China Using Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:853202. [PMID: 35308383 PMCID: PMC8924674 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.853202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Setosphaeria turcica is a heterothallic fungus that is the causal agent of northern leaf blight (NLB), which is a devastating foliar disease of sorghum and maize. Despite of its adversary to crop production, little is known about the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of this pathogen from sorghum. In this study, we explored the utilization of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) molecular markers and three mating type-specific primers to analyze the genetic diversity, population genetic structure, and mating type distribution of 87 S. turcica isolates that had been collected in sorghum production areas from three provinces, including Henan, Shaanxi, and Shanxi in China. The populations are featured with moderate genetic diversity and relatively equal mating type distribution of MAT1-1 and MAT1-2. The genetic differentiation was significant (p < 0.05) among different populations except those from Henan and Shanxi provinces that showed particularly frequent gene flow between them. Neither the maxinum likelihood phylogenetic tree, nor principal coordinate analysis, nor genetic structure analysis was able to completely separate the three populations. The relatively low genetic distance and high genetic identification were also observed among the three populations. Nevertheless, the genetic variation within populations was the major source of variation as revealed by AMOVA analysis. The findings of this study have improved our current understanding about the genetic diversity, population genetic structure, and the distribution of mating type of S. turcica, which are useful for unraveling the epidemiology of NLB and developing effective disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linkai Cui
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Junli Deng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Linxi Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yanhong Hu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Tingli Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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