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Mandal MK, Domb AJ. Antimicrobial Activities of Natural Bioactive Polyphenols. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:718. [PMID: 38931842 PMCID: PMC11206801 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites, polyphenols, are widespread in the entire kingdom of plants. They contain one or more hydroxyl groups that have a variety of biological functions in the natural environment. These uses include polyphenols in food, beauty products, dietary supplements, and medicinal products and have grown rapidly during the past 20 years. Antimicrobial polyphenols are described together with their sources, classes, and subclasses. Polyphenols are found in different sources, such as dark chocolate, olive oil, red wine, almonds, cashews, walnuts, berries, green tea, apples, artichokes, mushrooms, etc. Examples of benefits are antiallergic, antioxidant, anticancer agents, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and antimicrobe properties. From these sources, different classes of polyphenols are helpful for the growth of internal functional systems of the human body, providing healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals, lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases, improving brain health, and rebooting our cellular microbiome health by mitochondrial uncoupling. Among the various health benefits of polyphenols (curcumin, naringenin, quercetin, catechin, etc.) primarily different antimicrobial activities are discussed along with possible future applications. For polyphenols and antimicrobial agents to be proven safe, adverse health impacts must be substantiated by reliable scientific research as well as in vitro and in vivo clinical data. Future research may be influenced by this evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abraham J. Domb
- The Alex Grass Center for Drug Design & Synthesis and the Center for Cannabis Research, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
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Tian L, Wang L, Yang F, Zhou T, Jiang H. Exploring the modulatory impact of isosakuranetin on Staphylococcus aureus: Inhibition of sortase A activity and α-haemolysin expression. Virulence 2023; 14:2260675. [PMID: 37733916 PMCID: PMC10543341 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2260675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the mounting prevalence of antibiotic resistance necessitate the identification of novel therapeutic approaches to reduce the selective pressure of antibiotics. Targeting bacterial virulence factors, such as the pivotal Sortase A (SrtA) in S. aureus for adhesion and invasion, and the salient toxin α-Hemolysin (Hla), offers a sophisticated approach to attenuate pathogenicity without bacterial elimination. Herein, we report the discovery of a flavonoid, isosakuranetin, which inhibits the activity of S. aureus SrtA. A fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay revealed that isosakuranetin exhibited a low IC50 of 21.20 μg/mL. Furthermore, isosakuranetin significantly inhibited SrtA-related virulence properties, such as bacterial adhesion to fibrinogen, biofilm formation, and invasion of A549 cells. We employed fluorescence quenching and molecular docking to determine the interactions between isosakuranetin and SrtA, revealing the key amino acid sites for binding. Importantly, isosakuranetin inhibited the haemolytic activity of S. aureus in vitro at a concentration of 32 μg/mL. Moreover, isosakuranetin effectively suppressed the transcription and expression of Hla in a dose-dependent manner and regulated the transcription of RNAIII, the upstream operator of Hla. Notably, isosakuranetin demonstrated in vivo efficacy in a mouse model of S. aureus-induced pneumonia by significantly improving survival rates and reducing lung damage. This is a valuable finding, as isosakuranetin's dual inhibitory effects on SrtA and haemolytic activity, as well as its anti-virulence activity against MRSA, make it an excellent candidate for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tian
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Fengying Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Tiezhong Zhou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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3
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Lou F, Huang H, Li Y, Yang S, Shi Y. Investigation of the inhibitory effect and mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate against Streptococcus suis sortase A. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad191. [PMID: 37634082 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Streptococcus suis seriously harms people and animals, and importantly, causes great economic losses in the pig industry. Similar to most Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria, sortase A (SrtA) of S. suis can mediate the anchoring of a variety of virulence factors that contain specific sorting sequences to the surface of the bacterial cell wall envelope and participate in pathogenicity. The purpose of this study is to clarify the molecular mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibiting S. suis SrtA and provide more evidence for the development of novel anti-S. suis infections drugs. METHODS AND RESULTS Through the SrtA substrate cleavage experiment, we found that the main component of green tea, EGCG, can effectively inhibit the enzyme activity of S. suis SrtA. Further, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were used to clarify the molecular mechanism of its inhibitory effect, demonstrating that EGCG mainly interacts with amino acids at 113 and 115 to exert its inhibitory function. It was previously found that EGCG can inhibit the growth of S. suis and reduce the activity of suilysin and inhibit its expression. Our research reveals a new function of EGCG in S. suis infection. CONCLUSIONS Our research proves that EGCG can effectively inhibit the transpeptidase activity of SrtA. We also clarify the accompanying molecular mechanism, providing more sufficient evidence for the use of EGCG as a potential lead compound against S. suis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaping Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Yangqian Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin, China
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Schwermann N, Winstel V. Functional diversity of staphylococcal surface proteins at the host-microbe interface. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1196957. [PMID: 37275142 PMCID: PMC10232760 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1196957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface proteins of Gram-positive pathogens are key determinants of virulence that substantially shape host-microbe interactions. Specifically, these proteins mediate host invasion and pathogen transmission, drive the acquisition of heme-iron from hemoproteins, and subvert innate and adaptive immune cell responses to push bacterial survival and pathogenesis in a hostile environment. Herein, we briefly review and highlight the multi-facetted roles of cell wall-anchored proteins of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a common etiological agent of purulent skin and soft tissue infections as well as severe systemic diseases in humans. In particular, we focus on the functional diversity of staphylococcal surface proteins and discuss their impact on the variety of clinical manifestations of S. aureus infections. We also describe mechanistic and underlying principles of staphylococcal surface protein-mediated immune evasion and coupled strategies S. aureus utilizes to paralyze patrolling neutrophils, macrophages, and other immune cells. Ultimately, we provide a systematic overview of novel therapeutic concepts and anti-infective strategies that aim at neutralizing S. aureus surface proteins or sortases, the molecular catalysts of protein anchoring in Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Schwermann
- Research Group Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture Between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Volker Winstel
- Research Group Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture Between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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5
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Zhai X, Wu G, Tao X, Yang S, Lv L, Zhu Y, Dong D, Xiang H. Success stories of natural product-derived compounds from plants as multidrug resistance modulators in microorganisms. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7798-7817. [PMID: 36909750 PMCID: PMC9994607 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00184a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms evolve resistance to antibiotics as a function of evolution. Antibiotics have accelerated bacterial resistance through mutations and acquired resistance through a combination of factors. In some cases, multiple antibiotic-resistant determinants are encoded in these genes, immediately making the recipient organism a "superbug". Current antimicrobials are no longer effective against infections caused by pathogens that have developed antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and the problem has become a crisis. Microorganisms that acquire resistance to chemotherapy (multidrug resistance) are a major obstacle for successful treatments. Pharmaceutical industries should be highly interested in natural product-derived compounds, as they offer new sources of chemical entities for the development of new drugs. Phytochemical research and recent experimental advances are discussed in this review in relation to the antimicrobial efficacy of selected natural product-derived compounds as well as details of synergistic mechanisms and structures. The present review recognizesand amplifies the importance of compounds with natural origins, which can be used to create safer and more effective antimicrobial drugs by combating microorganisms that are resistant to multiple types of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Guoyu Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Shilei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Linlin Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Yanna Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Deshi Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian China
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6
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Tian L, Wu X, Yu H, Yang F, Sun J, Zhou T, Jiang H. Isovitexin Protects Mice from Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Pneumonia by Targeting Sortase A. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1284-1291. [PMID: 36224754 PMCID: PMC9668100 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2206.06007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The rise of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality, and clinical treatment of MRSA infections has become extremely difficult. Sortase A (SrtA), a virulence determinant that anchors numerous virulence-related proteins to the cell wall, is a prime druggable target against S. aureus infection due to its crucial role in the pathogenicity of S. aureus. Here, we demonstrate that isovitexin, an active ingredient derived from a variety of traditional Chinese medicines, can reversibly inhibit SrtA activity in vitro with a low dose (IC50=24.72 μg/ml). Fluorescence quenching and molecular simulations proved the interaction between isovitexin and SrtA. Subsequent point mutation experiments further confirmed that the critical amino acid positions for SrtA binding to isovitexin were Ala-92, Ile-182, and Trp-197. In addition, isovitexin treatment dramatically reduced S. aureus invasion of A549 cells. This study shows that treatment with isovitexin could alleviate pathological injury and prolong the life span of mice in an S. aureus pneumonia model. According to our research, isovitexin represents a promising lead molecule for the creation of anti-S. aureus medicines or adjuncts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tian
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, P.R. China
| | - Xinliang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 301800, P.R. China
| | - Hangqian Yu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Fengying Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Vocational College Agriculture, Beijing 102442, P.R. China
| | - Tiezhong Zhou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, P.R. China,Corresponding authors T. Zhou E-mail:
| | - Hong Jiang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, P.R. China,
H. Jiang E-mail:
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7
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Guan XN, Zhang T, Yang T, Dong Z, Yang S, Lan L, Gan J, Yang CG. Covalent sortase A inhibitor ML346 prevents Staphylococcus aureus infection of Galleria mellonella. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:138-149. [PMID: 35308030 PMCID: PMC8864484 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00316j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The housekeeping sortase A (SrtA), a membrane-associated cysteine transpeptidase, is responsible for anchoring surface proteins to the cell wall peptidoglycan in Gram-positive bacteria. This process is essential for the regulation of bacterial virulence and pathogenicity. Therefore, SrtA is considered to be an ideal target for antivirulence therapy. In this study, we report that ML346, a compound with a barbituric acid and cinnamaldehyde scaffold, functions as an irreversible inhibitor of Staphylococcus aureus SrtA (SaSrtA) and Streptococcus pyogenes SrtA (SpSrtA) in vitro at low micromolar concentrations. According to our X-ray crystal structure of the SpSrtAΔN81/ML346 complex (Protein Data Bank ID: 7V6K), ML346 covalently modifies the thiol group of Cys208 in the active site of SpSrtA. Importantly, ML346 significantly attenuated the virulence phenotypes of S. aureus and exhibited inhibitory effects on Galleria mellonella larva infection caused by S. aureus. Collectively, our results indicate that ML346 has potential for development as a covalent antivirulence agent for treating S. aureus infections, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Na Guan
- Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Teng Yang
- Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Ze Dong
- Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Lefu Lan
- Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Jianhua Gan
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Cai-Guang Yang
- Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou 310024 China
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8
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Yin N, Yang X, Wang L, Zhang C, Guan J, Tao Y, Guo X, Zhao Y, Song W, Wang B, Tang Y. Kaempferol inhibits the expression of α-hemolysin and protects mice from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced lethal pneumonia. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105336. [PMID: 34856361 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common pathogenic bacterium that induces a variety of diseases in humans and animals. The significant pathogenicity of S. aureus is due to its expression of several virulence factors. Alpha-hemolysin (Hla) has attracted attention as a virulence factor in staphylococcal pathogenesis and has been the predominant focus of intense research. In this study, we found that kaempferol, a flavonoid compound, inhibited hemolysis at a low concentration (32 μg/mL) and exerted no effect on bacterial growth. Western blot and RT-qPCR assays further demonstrated that kaempferol downregulated the expression of Hla in S. aureus. We observed that kaempferol alleviated the damage from S. aureus Hla in A549 cells. More importantly, kaempferol showed a potent protective effect on mice pneumonia induced by MRSA, as evidenced by a significant improvement in the survival of mice, a reduction in the number of colonized colonies in lung tissue and a decrease in the pathological damage to lung tissues. In summary, the results demonstrate the protective effect of kaempferol on MRSA-induced lethal pneumonia in mice and indicate that kaempferol could be developed as a potential anti-MRSA drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yin
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xin Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 271016, China
| | - Li Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Jiyu Guan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xuerui Guo
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China; School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Wu Song
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Bingmei Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Yong Tang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
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Identification of Novel Antistaphylococcal Hit Compounds Targeting Sortase A. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237095. [PMID: 34885677 PMCID: PMC8658998 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a causative agent of many hospital- and community-acquired infections with the tendency to develop resistance to all known antibiotics. Therefore, the development of novel antistaphylococcal agents is of urgent need. Sortase A is considered a promising molecular target for the development of antistaphylococcal agents. The main aim of this study was to identify novel sortase A inhibitors. In order to find novel antistaphylococcal agents, we performed phenotypic screening of a library containing 15512 compounds against S. aureus ATCC43300. The molecular docking of hits was performed using the DOCK program and 10 compounds were selected for in vitro enzymatic activity inhibition assay. Two inhibitors were identified, N,N-diethyl-N′-(5-nitro-2-(quinazolin-2-yl)phenyl)propane-1,3-diamine (1) and acridin-9-yl-(1H-benzoimidazol-5-yl)-amine (2), which decrease sortase A activity with IC50 values of 160.3 µM and 207.01 µM, respectively. It was found that compounds 1 and 2 possess antibacterial activity toward 29 tested multidrug resistant S. aureus strains with MIC values ranging from 78.12 to 312.5 mg/L. These compounds can be used for further structural optimization and biological research.
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10
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Wang L, Jing S, Qu H, Wang K, Jin Y, Ding Y, Yang L, Yu H, Shi Y, Li Q, Wang D. Orientin mediates protection against MRSA-induced pneumonia by inhibiting Sortase A. Virulence 2021; 12:2149-2161. [PMID: 34369293 PMCID: PMC8354611 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1962138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has severely threatened human health and arouses widespread concern. Sortase A (SrtA) is an essential virulence factor of S. aureus, which is responsible for the covalent anchoring of a variety of virulence-related proteins to the cell wall. SrtA has always been regarded as an ideal pharmacological target against S. aureus infections. In this research, we have determined that orientin, a natural compound isolated from various medicinal plants, can effectively inhibit the activity of SrtA with an IC50 of 50.44 ± 0.51 µM. We further demonstrated that orientin inhibited the binding of S. aureus to fibrinogen and diminished biofilm formation and the attaching of Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) to the cell wall in vitro. Using the fluorescence quenching assay, we demonstrated a direct interaction between orientin and SrtA. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the residues Glu-105, Thr-93, and Cys-184 were the key sites for the binding of SrtA to orientin. Importantly, we demonstrated that treatment with orientin attenuated S. aureus virulence of in vivo and protected mice against S. aureus-induced lethal pneumonia. These findings indicate that orientin is a potential drug to counter S. aureus infections and limit the development of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun China
| | - Shisong Jing
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun China
| | - Han Qu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yajing Jin
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun China
| | - Ying Ding
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun China
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun China
| | - Hangqian Yu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun China
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun China
| | - Qianxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Dacheng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun China
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11
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Nitulescu G, Margina D, Zanfirescu A, Olaru OT, Nitulescu GM. Targeting Bacterial Sortases in Search of Anti-Virulence Therapies with Low Risk of Resistance Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050415. [PMID: 33946434 PMCID: PMC8147154 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly ineffective antibiotics and rapid spread of multi- and pan-resistant bacteria represent a global health threat; hence, the need of developing new antimicrobial medicines. A first step in this direction is identifying new molecular targets, such as virulence factors. Sortase A represents a virulence factor essential for the pathogenesis of Gram-positive pathogens, some of which have a high risk for human health. We present here an exhaustive collection of sortases inhibitors grouped by relevant chemical features: vinyl sulfones, 3-aryl acrylic acids and derivatives, flavonoids, naphtoquinones, anthraquinones, indoles, pyrrolomycins, isoquinoline derivatives, aryl β-aminoethyl ketones, pyrazolethiones, pyridazinones, benzisothiazolinones, 2-phenyl-benzoxazole and 2-phenyl-benzofuran derivatives, thiadiazoles, triazolothiadiazoles, 2-(2-phenylhydrazinylidene)alkanoic acids, and 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione. This review focuses on highlighting their structure–activity relationships, using the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), when available, as an indicator of each compound effect on a specific sortase. The information herein is useful for acquiring knowledge on diverse natural and synthetic sortases inhibitors scaffolds and for understanding the way their structural variations impact IC50. It will hopefully be the inspiration for designing novel effective and safe sortase inhibitors in order to create new anti-infective compounds and to help overcoming the current worldwide antibiotic shortage.
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