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Banerjee S, Gadpayle MP, Samanta S, Dutta P, Das S, Datta R, Maiti S. Role of Macrophage PIST Protein in Regulating Leishmania major Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1414-1428. [PMID: 38556987 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PDZ protein interacting specifically with Tc10 or PIST is a mammalian trans-Golgi resident protein that regulates subcellular sorting of plasma membrane receptors. PIST has recently emerged as a key player in regulating viral pathogenesis. Nevertheless, the involvement of PIST in parasitic infections remains unexplored. Leishmania parasites infiltrate their host macrophage cells through phagocytosis, where they subsequently multiply within the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). Host cell autophagy has been found to be important in regulating this parasite infection. Since PIST plays a pivotal role in triggering autophagy through the Beclin 1-PI3KC3 pathway, it becomes interesting to identify the status of PIST during Leishmania infection. We found that while macrophage cells are infected with Leishmania major (L. major), the expression of PIST protein remains unaltered; however, it traffics from the Golgi compartment to PV. Further, we identified that in L. major-infected macrophage cells, PIST associates with the autophagy regulatory protein Beclin 1 within the PVs; however, PIST does not interact with LC3. Reduction in PIST protein through siRNA silencing significantly increased parasite burden, whereas overexpression of PIST in macrophages restricted L. major infectivity. Together, our study reports that the macrophage PIST protein is essential in regulating L. major infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata (IISER-Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal 741 246, India
| | - Mandip Pratham Gadpayle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata (IISER-Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal 741 246, India
| | - Suman Samanta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata (IISER-Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal 741 246, India
| | - Priyanka Dutta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata (IISER-Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal 741 246, India
| | - Swagata Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata (IISER-Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal 741 246, India
| | - Rupak Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata (IISER-Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal 741 246, India
| | - Sankar Maiti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata (IISER-Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal 741 246, India
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Fischer Weinberger R, Bachmaier S, Ober V, Githure GB, Dandugudumula R, Phan IQ, Almoznino M, Polatoglou E, Tsigankov P, Nitzan Koren R, Myler PJ, Boshart M, Zilberstein D. A divergent protein kinase A regulatory subunit essential for morphogenesis of the human pathogen Leishmania. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012073. [PMID: 38551993 PMCID: PMC11006142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasitic protozoa of the genus Leishmania cycle between the phagolysosome of mammalian macrophages, where they reside as rounded intracellular amastigotes, and the midgut of female sand flies, which they colonize as elongated extracellular promastigotes. Previous studies indicated that protein kinase A (PKA) plays an important role in the initial steps of promastigote differentiation into amastigotes. Here, we describe a novel regulatory subunit of PKA (which we have named PKAR3) that is unique to Leishmania and most (but not all) other Kinetoplastidae. PKAR3 is localized to subpellicular microtubules (SPMT) in the cell cortex, where it recruits a specific catalytic subunit (PKAC3). Promastigotes of pkar3 or pkac3 null mutants lose their elongated shape and become rounded but remain flagellated. Truncation of an N-terminal formin homology (FH)-like domain of PKAR3 results in its detachment from the SPMT, also leading to rounded promastigotes. Thus, the tethering of PKAC3 via PKAR3 at the cell cortex is essential for maintenance of the elongated shape of promastigotes. This role of PKAR3 is reminiscent of PKARIβ and PKARIIβ binding to microtubules of mammalian neurons, which is essential for the elongation of dendrites and axons, respectively. Interestingly, PKAR3 binds nucleoside analogs, but not cAMP, with a high affinity similar to the PKAR1 isoform of Trypanosoma. We propose that these early-diverged protists have re-purposed PKA for a novel signaling pathway that spatiotemporally controls microtubule remodeling and cell shape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Bachmaier
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Veronica Ober
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - George B. Githure
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ramu Dandugudumula
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Isabelle Q. Phan
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michal Almoznino
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eleni Polatoglou
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Polina Tsigankov
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Roni Nitzan Koren
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Peter J. Myler
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, and Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael Boshart
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dan Zilberstein
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Boy RL, Hong A, Aoki JI, Floeter-Winter LM, Laranjeira-Silva MF. Reporter gene systems: a powerful tool for Leishmania studies. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Carter NS, Kawasaki Y, Nahata SS, Elikaee S, Rajab S, Salam L, Alabdulal MY, Broessel KK, Foroghi F, Abbas A, Poormohamadian R, Roberts SC. Polyamine Metabolism in Leishmania Parasites: A Promising Therapeutic Target. Med Sci (Basel) 2022; 10:24. [PMID: 35645240 PMCID: PMC9149861 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasites of the genus Leishmania cause a variety of devastating and often fatal diseases in humans and domestic animals worldwide. The need for new therapeutic strategies is urgent because no vaccine is available, and treatment options are limited due to a lack of specificity and the emergence of drug resistance. Polyamines are metabolites that play a central role in rapidly proliferating cells, and recent studies have highlighted their critical nature in Leishmania. Numerous studies using a variety of inhibitors as well as gene deletion mutants have elucidated the pathway and routes of transport, revealing unique aspects of polyamine metabolism in Leishmania parasites. These studies have also shed light on the significance of polyamines for parasite proliferation, infectivity, and host-parasite interactions. This comprehensive review article focuses on the main polyamine biosynthetic enzymes: ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, and spermidine synthase, and it emphasizes recent discoveries that advance these enzymes as potential therapeutic targets against Leishmania parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sigrid C. Roberts
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, OR 97123, USA; (N.S.C.); (Y.K.); (S.S.N.); (S.E.); (S.R.); (L.S.); (M.Y.A.); (K.K.B.); (F.F.); (A.A.); (R.P.)
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