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Marchetti A, Orlando M, Bombardi L, Fusco S, Mangiagalli M, Lotti M. Evolutionary history and activity towards oligosaccharides and polysaccharides of GH3 glycosidases from an Antarctic marine bacterium. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133449. [PMID: 38944065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) are pivotal in the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bonds of sugars, which are the main carbon and energy sources. The genome of Marinomonas sp. ef1, an Antarctic bacterium, contains three GHs belonging to family 3. These enzymes have distinct architectures and low sequence identity, suggesting that they originated from separate horizontal gene transfer events. M-GH3_A and M-GH3_B, were found to differ in cold adaptation and substrate specificity. M-GH3_A is a bona fide cold-active enzyme since it retains 20 % activity at 10 °C and exhibits poor long-term thermal stability. On the other hand, M-GH3_B shows mesophilic traits with very low activity at 10 °C (< 5 %) and higher long-term thermal stability. Substrate specificity assays highlight that M-GH3_A is a promiscuous β-glucosidase mainly active on cellobiose and cellotetraose, whereas M-GH3_B is a β-xylosidase active on xylan and arabinoxylan. Structural analysis suggests that such functional differences are due to their differently shaped active sites. The active site of M-GH3_A is wider but has a narrower entrance compared to that of M-GH3_B. Genome-based prediction of metabolic pathways suggests that Marinomonas sp. ef1 can use monosaccharides derived from the GH3-catalyzed hydrolysis of oligosaccharides either as a carbon source or for producing osmolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marchetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Marco Orlando
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Luca Bombardi
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology (BIB) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology (BIB) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Mangiagalli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy.
| | - Marina Lotti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy
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Aylward J, Wilson AM, Visagie CM, Spraker J, Barnes I, Buitendag C, Ceriani C, Del Mar Angel L, du Plessis D, Fuchs T, Gasser K, Krämer D, Li W, Munsamy K, Piso A, Price JL, Sonnekus B, Thomas C, van der Nest A, van Dijk A, van Heerden A, van Vuuren N, Yilmaz N, Duong TA, van der Merwe NA, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD. IMA Genome - F19 : A genome assembly and annotation guide to empower mycologists, including annotated draft genome sequences of Ceratocystis pirilliformis, Diaporthe australafricana, Fusarium ophioides, Paecilomyces lecythidis, and Sporothrix stenoceras. IMA Fungus 2024; 15:12. [PMID: 38831329 PMCID: PMC11149380 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-024-00142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The pace at which Next Generation Sequence data is being produced continues to accelerate as technology improves. As a result, such data are increasingly becoming accessible to biologists outside of the field of bioinformatics. In contrast, access to training in the methods of genome assembly and annotation are not growing at a similar rate. In this issue, we report on a Genome Assembly Workshop for Mycologists that was held at the Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI) at the University of Pretoria, South Africa and make available the 12 draft genome sequences emanating from the event. With the aim of making the process of genome assembly and annotation more accessible to biologists, we provide a step-by-step guide to both genome assembly and annotation, intended to encourage and empower mycologists to use genome data in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Aylward
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Andi M Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Cobus M Visagie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Joseph Spraker
- Hexagon Bio, 1490 O'Brien Dr, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Irene Barnes
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Carla Buitendag
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Callin Ceriani
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Lina Del Mar Angel
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Deanné du Plessis
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Taygen Fuchs
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Katharina Gasser
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Institute of Plant Protection, Konrad Lorenz-Strasse 24, Tulln an Der Donau, 3430, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniella Krämer
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - WenWen Li
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Kiara Munsamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Anja Piso
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Jenna-Lee Price
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Byron Sonnekus
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Chanel Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Ariska van der Nest
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Alida van Dijk
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Alishia van Heerden
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Nicole van Vuuren
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Neriman Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Tuan A Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Nicolaas A van der Merwe
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Brenda D Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
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3
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Klimek D, Herold M, Calusinska M. Comparative genomic analysis of Planctomycetota potential for polysaccharide degradation identifies biotechnologically relevant microbes. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:523. [PMID: 38802741 PMCID: PMC11131199 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the Planctomycetota phylum harbour an outstanding potential for carbohydrate degradation given the abundance and diversity of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) encoded in their genomes. However, mainly members of the Planctomycetia class have been characterised up to now, and little is known about the degrading capacities of the other Planctomycetota. Here, we present a comprehensive comparative analysis of all available planctomycetotal genome representatives and detail encoded carbohydrolytic potential across phylogenetic groups and different habitats. RESULTS Our in-depth characterisation of the available planctomycetotal genomic resources increases our knowledge of the carbohydrolytic capacities of Planctomycetota. We show that this single phylum encompasses a wide variety of the currently known CAZyme diversity assigned to glycoside hydrolase families and that many members encode a versatile enzymatic machinery towards complex carbohydrate degradation, including lignocellulose. We highlight members of the Isosphaerales, Pirellulales, Sedimentisphaerales and Tepidisphaerales orders as having the highest encoded hydrolytic potential of the Planctomycetota. Furthermore, members of a yet uncultivated group affiliated to the Phycisphaerales order could represent an interesting source of novel lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases to boost lignocellulose degradation. Surprisingly, many Planctomycetota from anaerobic digestion reactors encode CAZymes targeting algal polysaccharides - this opens new perspectives for algal biomass valorisation in biogas processes. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a new perspective on planctomycetotal carbohydrolytic potential, highlighting distinct phylogenetic groups which could provide a wealth of diverse, potentially novel CAZymes of industrial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Klimek
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, L-4422, Luxembourg.
- The Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, 2 Avenue de l'Université, Esch-sur-Alzette, L-4365, Luxembourg.
| | - Malte Herold
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, L-4422, Luxembourg
| | - Magdalena Calusinska
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 rue du Brill, Belvaux, L-4422, Luxembourg
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4
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Liew KJ, Shahar S, Shamsir MS, Shaharuddin NB, Liang CH, Chan KG, Pointing SB, Sani RK, Goh KM. Integrating multi-platform assembly to recover MAGs from hot spring biofilms: insights into microbial diversity, biofilm formation, and carbohydrate degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2024; 19:29. [PMID: 38706006 PMCID: PMC11071339 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-024-00572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hot spring biofilms provide a window into the survival strategies of microbial communities in extreme environments and offer potential for biotechnological applications. This study focused on green and brown biofilms thriving on submerged plant litter within the Sungai Klah hot spring in Malaysia, characterised by temperatures of 58-74 °C. Using Illumina shotgun metagenomics and Nanopore ligation sequencing, we investigated the microbial diversity and functional potential of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) with specific focus on biofilm formation, heat stress response, and carbohydrate catabolism. RESULTS Leveraging the power of both Illumina short-reads and Nanopore long-reads, we employed an Illumina-Nanopore hybrid assembly approach to construct MAGs with enhanced quality. The dereplication process, facilitated by the dRep tool, validated the efficiency of the hybrid assembly, yielding MAGs that reflected the intricate microbial diversity of these extreme ecosystems. The comprehensive analysis of these MAGs uncovered intriguing insights into the survival strategies of thermophilic taxa in the hot spring biofilms. Moreover, we examined the plant litter degradation potential within the biofilms, shedding light on the participation of diverse microbial taxa in the breakdown of starch, cellulose, and hemicellulose. We highlight that Chloroflexota and Armatimonadota MAGs exhibited a wide array of glycosyl hydrolases targeting various carbohydrate substrates, underscoring their metabolic versatility in utilisation of carbohydrates at elevated temperatures. CONCLUSIONS This study advances understanding of microbial ecology on plant litter under elevated temperature by revealing the functional adaptation of MAGs from hot spring biofilms. In addition, our findings highlight potential for biotechnology application through identification of thermophilic lignocellulose-degrading enzymes. By demonstrating the efficiency of hybrid assembly utilising Illumina-Nanopore reads, we highlight the value of combining multiple sequencing methods for a more thorough exploration of complex microbial communities.
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Grants
- FRGS/1/2023/STG02/UTM/02/1, FRGS/1/2019/STG03/UTM/02/1, FRGS/1/2019/STG04/UTM/02/4 Malaysia Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS)
- FRGS/1/2023/STG02/UTM/02/1, FRGS/1/2019/STG03/UTM/02/1, FRGS/1/2019/STG04/UTM/02/4 Malaysia Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS)
- FRGS/1/2023/STG02/UTM/02/1, FRGS/1/2019/STG03/UTM/02/1, FRGS/1/2019/STG04/UTM/02/4 Malaysia Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS)
- FRGS/1/2023/STG02/UTM/02/1, FRGS/1/2019/STG03/UTM/02/1, FRGS/1/2019/STG04/UTM/02/4 Malaysia Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS)
- FRGS/1/2023/STG02/UTM/02/1, FRGS/1/2019/STG03/UTM/02/1, FRGS/1/2019/STG04/UTM/02/4 Malaysia Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS)
- 4J549 UTM QuickWin grant
- 4J549 UTM QuickWin grant
- T2EP30123-0028 Singapore Ministry of Education ARC Tier 2 fund
- 1736255, 1849206, and 1920954 National Science Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Jun Liew
- Codon Genomics, 42300 Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saleha Shahar
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shahir Shamsir
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nawal Binti Shaharuddin
- School of Professional and Continuing Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Hung Liang
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Stephen Brian Pointing
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA.
| | - Kian Mau Goh
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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Cowan DA, Albers SV, Antranikian G, Atomi H, Averhoff B, Basen M, Driessen AJM, Jebbar M, Kelman Z, Kerou M, Littlechild J, Müller V, Schönheit P, Siebers B, Vorgias K. Extremophiles in a changing world. Extremophiles 2024; 28:26. [PMID: 38683238 PMCID: PMC11058618 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-024-01341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Extremophiles and their products have been a major focus of research interest for over 40 years. Through this period, studies of these organisms have contributed hugely to many aspects of the fundamental and applied sciences, and to wider and more philosophical issues such as the origins of life and astrobiology. Our understanding of the cellular adaptations to extreme conditions (such as acid, temperature, pressure and more), of the mechanisms underpinning the stability of macromolecules, and of the subtleties, complexities and limits of fundamental biochemical processes has been informed by research on extremophiles. Extremophiles have also contributed numerous products and processes to the many fields of biotechnology, from diagnostics to bioremediation. Yet, after 40 years of dedicated research, there remains much to be discovered in this field. Fortunately, extremophiles remain an active and vibrant area of research. In the third decade of the twenty-first century, with decreasing global resources and a steadily increasing human population, the world's attention has turned with increasing urgency to issues of sustainability. These global concerns were encapsulated and formalized by the United Nations with the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the presentation of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015. In the run-up to 2030, we consider the contributions that extremophiles have made, and will in the future make, to the SDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
| | - S V Albers
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - G Antranikian
- Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Atomi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - B Averhoff
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - M Basen
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - A J M Driessen
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Jebbar
- Univ. Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, Laboratoire de Biologie Et d'Écologie Des Écosystèmes Marins Profonds (BEEP), IUEM, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Z Kelman
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - M Kerou
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Littlechild
- Henry Wellcome Building for Biocatalysis, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - V Müller
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - P Schönheit
- Institute of General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - B Siebers
- Molecular Enzyme Technology and Biochemistry (MEB), Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), Centre for Water and Environmental Research (CWE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - K Vorgias
- Biology Department and RI-Bio3, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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6
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Chauhan G, Arya M, Kumar V, Verma D, Sharma M. An improved protocol for metagenomic DNA isolation from low microbial biomass alkaline hot-spring sediments and soil samples. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:34. [PMID: 38188309 PMCID: PMC10769977 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
High-quality, humic-acid-free pure DNA is a prerequisite for functional and sequence-based approaches of metagenomics. In the present investigation, an improved extraction buffer was developed by making a combination of powdered activated charcoal (2%; w/v), polyvinyl poly pyrrolidone (2%; w/v), and CaCl2 (2%; w/v). This trio significantly improved the purity and yield of the metagenomic DNA from the hot spring's hot and alkaline soil. The quality of extracted metagenomic DNA was successfully validated by PCR amplification and restriction enzymes. Besides, the thermophilic amylase encoding genes were also retrieved from these soil DNA samples. Extreme habitats I harbour low microbial biomass and, therefore, demand in-situ lysis of the microbial cells to access their genomes. The protocol can potentially extract DNA from geothermal spring habitats where the count of microbial cells is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025 India
| | - Meghna Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025 India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025 India
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Digvijay Verma
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025 India
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025 India
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7
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Peña-Castro JM, Muñoz-Páez KM, Robledo-Narvaez PN, Vázquez-Núñez E. Engineering the Metabolic Landscape of Microorganisms for Lignocellulosic Conversion. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2197. [PMID: 37764041 PMCID: PMC10535843 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and yeast are being intensively used to produce biofuels and high-added-value products by using plant biomass derivatives as substrates. The number of microorganisms available for industrial processes is increasing thanks to biotechnological improvements to enhance their productivity and yield through microbial metabolic engineering and laboratory evolution. This is allowing the traditional industrial processes for biofuel production, which included multiple steps, to be improved through the consolidation of single-step processes, reducing the time of the global process, and increasing the yield and operational conditions in terms of the desired products. Engineered microorganisms are now capable of using feedstocks that they were unable to process before their modification, opening broader possibilities for establishing new markets in places where biomass is available. This review discusses metabolic engineering approaches that have been used to improve the microbial processing of biomass to convert the plant feedstock into fuels. Metabolically engineered microorganisms (MEMs) such as bacteria, yeasts, and microalgae are described, highlighting their performance and the biotechnological tools that were used to modify them. Finally, some examples of patents related to the MEMs are mentioned in order to contextualize their current industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Mario Peña-Castro
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad del Papaloapan, Tuxtepec 68301, Oaxaca, Mexico;
| | - Karla M. Muñoz-Páez
- CONAHCYT—Instituto de Ingeniería, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro 76230, Queretaro, Mexico;
| | | | - Edgar Vázquez-Núñez
- Grupo de Investigación Sobre Aplicaciones Nano y Bio Tecnológicas para la Sostenibilidad (NanoBioTS), Departamento de Ingenierías Química, Electrónica y Biomédica, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, Lomas del Bosque 103, Lomas del Campestre, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico
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8
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Santos-Pereira C, Sousa J, Costa ÂMA, Santos AO, Rito T, Soares P, Franco-Duarte R, Silvério SC, Rodrigues LR. Functional and sequence-based metagenomics to uncover carbohydrate-degrading enzymes from composting samples. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12627-9. [PMID: 37417976 PMCID: PMC10390414 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The renewable, abundant , and low-cost nature of lignocellulosic biomass can play an important role in the sustainable production of bioenergy and several added-value bioproducts, thus providing alternative solutions to counteract the global energetic and industrial demands. The efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass greatly relies on the catalytic activity of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). Finding novel and robust biocatalysts, capable of being active under harsh industrial conditions, is thus imperative to achieve an economically feasible process. In this study, thermophilic compost samples from three Portuguese companies were collected, and their metagenomic DNA was extracted and sequenced through shotgun sequencing. A novel multi-step bioinformatic pipeline was developed to find CAZymes and characterize the taxonomic and functional profiles of the microbial communities, using both reads and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) as input. The samples' microbiome was dominated by bacteria, where the classes Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Balneolia stood out for their higher abundance, indicating that the degradation of compost biomass is mainly driven by bacterial enzymatic activity. Furthermore, the functional studies revealed that our samples are a rich reservoir of glycoside hydrolases (GH), particularly of GH5 and GH9 cellulases, and GH3 oligosaccharide-degrading enzymes. We further constructed metagenomic fosmid libraries with the compost DNA and demonstrated that a great number of clones exhibited β-glucosidase activity. The comparison of our samples with others from the literature showed that, independently of the composition and process conditions, composting is an excellent source of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comparative study on the CAZyme abundance and taxonomic/functional profiles of Portuguese compost samples. KEY POINTS: • Sequence- and function-based metagenomics were used to find CAZymes in compost samples. • Thermophilic composts proved to be rich in bacterial GH3, GH5, and GH9 enzymes. • Compost-derived fosmid libraries are enriched in clones with β-glucosidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Santos-Pereira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Sousa
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ângela M A Costa
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Andréia O Santos
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Teresa Rito
- CBMA-Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- IB-S-Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Soares
- CBMA-Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- IB-S-Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Franco-Duarte
- CBMA-Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- IB-S-Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sara C Silvério
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Lígia R Rodrigues
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
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9
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Jeilu O, Simachew A, Alexandersson E, Johansson E, Gessesse A. Discovery of novel carbohydrate degrading enzymes from soda lakes through functional metagenomics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1059061. [PMID: 36569080 PMCID: PMC9768486 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1059061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremophiles provide a one-of-a-kind source of enzymes with properties that allow them to endure the rigorous industrial conversion of lignocellulose biomass into fermentable sugars. However, the fact that most of these organisms fail to grow under typical culture conditions limits the accessibility to these enzymes. In this study, we employed a functional metagenomics approach to identify carbohydrate-degrading enzymes from Ethiopian soda lakes, which are extreme environments harboring a high microbial diversity. Out of 21,000 clones screened for the five carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, 408 clones were found positive. Cellulase and amylase, gave high hit ratio of 1:75 and 1:280, respectively. A total of 378 genes involved in the degradation of complex carbohydrates were identified by combining high-throughput sequencing of 22 selected clones and bioinformatics analysis using a customized workflow. Around 41% of the annotated genes belonged to the Glycoside Hydrolases (GH). Multiple GHs were identified, indicating the potential to discover novel CAZymes useful for the enzymatic degradation of lignocellulose biomass from the Ethiopian soda Lakes. More than 73% of the annotated GH genes were linked to bacterial origins, with Halomonas as the most likely source. Biochemical characterization of the three enzymes from the selected clones (amylase, cellulase, and pectinase) showed that they are active in elevated temperatures, high pH, and high salt concentrations. These properties strongly indicate that the evaluated enzymes have the potential to be used for applications in various industrial processes, particularly in biorefinery for lignocellulose biomass conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliyad Jeilu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden,*Correspondence: Oliyad Jeilu,
| | - Addis Simachew
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Erik Alexandersson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Eva Johansson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Amare Gessesse
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
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10
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Kukkar D, Sharma PK, Kim KH. Recent advances in metagenomic analysis of different ecological niches for enhanced biodegradation of recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114369. [PMID: 36165858 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulose wastes stemming from agricultural residues can offer an excellent opportunity as alternative energy solutions in addition to fossil fuels. Besides, the unrestrained burning of agricultural residues can lead to the destruction of the soil microflora and associated soil sterilization. However, the difficulties associated with the biodegradation of lignocellulose biomasses remain as a formidable challenge for their sustainable management. In this respect, metagenomics can be used as an effective option to resolve such dilemma because of its potential as the next generation sequencing technology and bioinformatics tools to harness novel microbial consortia from diverse environments (e.g., soil, alpine forests, and hypersaline/acidic/hot sulfur springs). In light of the challenges associated with the bulk-scale biodegradation of lignocellulose-rich agricultural residues, this review is organized to help delineate the fundamental aspects of metagenomics towards the assessment of the microbial consortia and novel molecules (such as biocatalysts) which are otherwise unidentifiable by conventional laboratory culturing techniques. The discussion is extended further to highlight the recent advancements (e.g., from 2011 to 2022) in metagenomic approaches for the isolation and purification of lignocellulolytic microbes from different ecosystems along with the technical challenges and prospects associated with their wide implementation and scale-up. This review should thus be one of the first comprehensive reports on the metagenomics-based analysis of different environmental samples for the isolation and purification of lignocellulose degrading enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kukkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali - 140413, Punjab, India; University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali - 140413, Punjab, India.
| | | | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Wangsimni-ro, Seoul - 04763, South Korea.
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11
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Kim DW, Ahn JH, Cha CJ. Biodegradation of plastics: mining of plastic-degrading microorganisms and enzymes using metagenomics approaches. J Microbiol 2022; 60:969-976. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-2313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Díaz Rodríguez CA, Díaz-García L, Bunk B, Spröer C, Herrera K, Tarazona NA, Rodriguez-R LM, Overmann J, Jiménez DJ. Novel bacterial taxa in a minimal lignocellulolytic consortium and their potential for lignin and plastics transformation. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:89. [PMID: 37938754 PMCID: PMC9723784 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The understanding and manipulation of microbial communities toward the conversion of lignocellulose and plastics are topics of interest in microbial ecology and biotechnology. In this study, the polymer-degrading capability of a minimal lignocellulolytic microbial consortium (MELMC) was explored by genome-resolved metagenomics. The MELMC was mostly composed (>90%) of three bacterial members (Pseudomonas protegens; Pristimantibacillus lignocellulolyticus gen. nov., sp. nov; and Ochrobactrum gambitense sp. nov) recognized by their high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Functional annotation of these MAGs revealed that Pr. lignocellulolyticus could be involved in cellulose and xylan deconstruction, whereas Ps. protegens could catabolize lignin-derived chemical compounds. The capacity of the MELMC to transform synthetic plastics was assessed by two strategies: (i) annotation of MAGs against databases containing plastic-transforming enzymes; and (ii) predicting enzymatic activity based on chemical structural similarities between lignin- and plastics-derived chemical compounds, using Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System and Tanimoto coefficients. Enzymes involved in the depolymerization of polyurethane and polybutylene adipate terephthalate were found to be encoded by Ps. protegens, which could catabolize phthalates and terephthalic acid. The axenic culture of Ps. protegens grew on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) nanoparticles and might be a suitable species for the industrial production of PHAs in the context of lignin and plastic upcycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Andrés Díaz Rodríguez
- Microbiomes and Bioenergy Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Díaz-García
- Microbiomes and Bioenergy Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Advanced Biomanufacturing Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Boyke Bunk
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cathrin Spröer
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katherine Herrera
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Luis M Rodriguez-R
- Department of Microbiology and Digital Science Center (DiSC), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Diego Javier Jiménez
- Microbiomes and Bioenergy Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
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13
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Singh R, Pal DB, Alkhanani MF, Almalki AH, Areeshi MY, Haque S, Srivastava N. Prospects of soil microbiome application for lignocellulosic biomass degradation: An overview. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155966. [PMID: 35584752 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable and practically viable biofuels production technology using lignocellulosic biomass is still seeking its way of implementation owing to some major issues involved therein. Unavailability of efficient microbial sources for the degradation of cellulosic biomass is one of the major roadblocks in biomass to biofuels production technology. In this context, utilization of microbiomes to degrade lignocellulaosic biomass is emerging as a rapid and effective approach that can fulfill the requirements of biomass based biofuels production technology. Therefore, the present review is targeted to explore soil metagenomic approach to improve the lignocellulosic biomass degradation processing for the cost-effective and eco-friendly application. Soil microbiomes consist of rich microbial community along with high probability of cellulolytic microbes, and can be identified by culture independent metagenomics method which can be structurally and functionally explored via genomic library. Therefore, in depth analysis and discussion have also been made via structural & functional metagenomics tools along with their contribution to genomic library. Additionally, the present review highlights currently existing bottlenecks along with their feasible solutions. This review will help to understand the basic research as well as industrial concept for the process improvement based on soil microbiome mediated lignocellulosic biomass degradation, and this may likely to implement for the low-cost commercial biofuels production technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110052, India
| | - Dan Bahadur Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Mustfa F Alkhanani
- Emergency Service Department, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atiah H Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Al-Hawiah, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Yahya Areeshi
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Bursa Uludağ University, Faculty of Medicine, Görükle Campus, 16059 Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
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14
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Ameri R, García JL, Derenfed AB, Pradel N, Neifar S, Mhiri S, Mezghanni M, Jaouadi NZ, Barriuso J, Bejar S. Genome sequence and Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (CAZymes) repertoire of the thermophilic Caldicoprobacter algeriensis TH7C1 T. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:91. [PMID: 35598016 PMCID: PMC9124407 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Omics approaches are widely applied in the field of biology for the discovery of potential CAZymes including whole genome sequencing. The aim of this study was to identify protein encoding genes including CAZymes in order to understand glycans-degrading machinery in the thermophilic Caldicoprobacter algeriensis TH7C1T strain. Results Caldicoprobacter algeriensis TH7C1T is a thermophilic anaerobic bacterium belonging to the Firmicutes phylum, which grows between the temperatures of 55 °C and 75 °C. Next generation sequencing using Illumina technology was performed on the C. algeriensis strain resulting in 45 contigs with an average GC content of 44.9% and a total length of 2,535,023 bp. Genome annotation reveals 2425 protein-coding genes with 97 ORFs coding CAZymes. Many glycoside hydrolases, carbohydrate esterases and glycosyltransferases genes were found linked to genes encoding oligosaccharide transporters and transcriptional regulators; suggesting that CAZyme encoding genes are organized in clusters involved in polysaccharides degradation and transport. In depth analysis of CAZomes content in C. algeriensis genome unveiled 33 CAZyme gene clusters uncovering new enzyme combinations targeting specific substrates. Conclusions This study is the first targeting CAZymes repertoire of C. algeriensis, it provides insight to the high potential of identified enzymes for plant biomass degradation and their biotechnological applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01818-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Ameri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - José Luis García
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CIB-CSIC), C/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,IBISBA_ES_CSIC_Cell Factory_MM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amel Bouanane Derenfed
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (Équipe de Microbiologie), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumédiènne, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nathalie Pradel
- Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Sawssan Neifar
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Mhiri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Monia Mezghanni
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Zaraî Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jorge Barriuso
- Department of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CIB-CSIC), C/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,IBISBA_ES_CSIC_Cell Factory_MM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samir Bejar
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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15
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Goh KM, Donati ER, Sani RK, Chan KG. Editorial: Genetics, Genomics and -omics of Thermophiles, Volume II. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:879450. [PMID: 35432290 PMCID: PMC9008572 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.879450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kian Mau Goh
- Department of Biosciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Kian Mau Goh
| | - Edgardo Rubén Donati
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, CINDEFI (CCT La Plata-CONICET, UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, United States
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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16
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Thermophiles and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in biofilm microbial consortia that decompose lignocellulosic plant litters at high temperatures. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2850. [PMID: 35181739 PMCID: PMC8857248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The SKY hot spring is a unique site filled with a thick layer of plant litter. With the advancement of next-generation sequencing, it is now possible to mine many new biocatalyst sequences. In this study, we aimed to (i) identify the metataxonomic of prokaryotes and eukaryotes in microbial mats using 16S and 18S rRNA markers, (ii) and explore carbohydrate degrading enzymes (CAZymes) that have a high potential for future applications. Green microbial mat, predominantly photosynthetic bacteria, was attached to submerged or floating leaves litter. At the spring head, the sediment mixture consisted of plant debris, predominantly brownish-reddish gelatinous microbial mat, pale tan biofilm, and grey-white filament biofilm. The population in the spring head had a higher percentage of archaea and hyperthermophiles than the green mat. Concurrently, we cataloged nearly 10,000 sequences of CAZymes in both green and brown biofilms using the shotgun metagenomic sequencing approach. These sequences include β-glucosidase, cellulase, xylanase, α-N-arabinofuranosidase, α-l-arabinofuranosidase, and other CAZymes. In conclusion, this work elucidated that SKY is a unique hot spring due to its rich lignocellulosic material, often absent in other hot springs. The data collected from this study serves as a repository of new thermostable macromolecules, in particular families of glycoside hydrolases.
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Abstract
Starch and pullulan degrading enzymes are essential industrial biocatalysts. Pullulan-degrading enzymes are grouped into pullulanases (types I and type II) and pullulan hydrolase (types I, II and III). Generally, these enzymes hydrolyse the α-1,6 glucosidic bonds (and α-1,4 for certain enzyme groups) of substrates and form reducing sugars such as glucose, maltose, maltotriose, panose or isopanose. This review covers two main aspects: (i) bibliometric analysis of publications and patents related to pullulan-degrading enzymes and (ii) biological aspects of free and immobilised pullulan-degrading enzymes and protein engineering. The collective data suggest that most publications involved researchers within the same institution or country in the past and current practice. Multi-national interaction shall be improved, especially in tapping the enzymes from unculturable prokaryotes. While the understanding of pullulanases may reach a certain extend of saturation, the discovery of pullulan hydrolases is still limited. In this report, we suggest readers consider using the next-generation sequencing technique to fill the gaps of finding more new sequences encoding pullulan-degrading enzymes to expand the knowledge body of this topic.
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Qin X, Xin Y, Su X, Wang X, Zhang J, Tu T, Wang Y, Yao B, Huang H, Luo H. Heterologous expression and characterization of thermostable chitinase and β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from Caldicellulosiruptor acetigenus and their synergistic action on the bioconversion of chitin into N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:250-257. [PMID: 34627844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The bioconversion of chitin into N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) using chitinolytic enzymes is one of the important avenues for chitin valorization. However, industrial applications of chitinolytic enzymes have been limited by their poor thermostability. Therefore, it is necessary to discover thermostable chitinolytic enzymes for GlcNAc production from chitin. In this study, two chitinolytic enzyme-encoding genes CaChiT and CaHex from Caldicellulosiruptor acetigenus were identified and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant CaChiT and CaHex showed optimal activities at 70 °C and 90 °C respectively, and exhibited good thermostability over a range of temperature below 70 °C and broad pH stability at pH range of 3.0-8.0. CaChiT and CaHex were active on colloidal chitin, pNP-(GlcNAc)2, pNP-(GlcNAc)3, and pNP-GlcNAc, pNP-(GlcNAc)2, pNP-(GlcNAc)3, pNP-Glc respectively. Besides, the chitin oligosaccharides and colloidal chitin hydrolysis profiles revealed that CaChiT degraded chitin chains through exo-mode of action. Furthermore, CaChiT and CaHex exhibited a synergistic effect in the degradation of colloidal chitin, reaching 0.60 mg/mL of GlcNAc production after 1 h incubation. These results suggested that a combination of CaChiT and CaHex have great potential for industrial applications in the enzymatic production of GlcNAc from chitin-containing biowastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - YanZhe Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Huiying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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