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Dreyer A, Masanta WO, Lugert R, Bohne W, Groß U, Leha A, Dakna M, Lenz C, Zautner AE. Proteome profiling of Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 at 37 °C and 42 °C by label-free mass spectrometry. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:191. [PMID: 38822261 PMCID: PMC11140963 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main natural reservoir for Campylobacter jejuni is the avian intestinal tract. There, C. jejuni multiplies optimally at 42 °C - the avian body temperature. After infecting humans through oral intake, the bacterium encounters the lower temperature of 37 °C in the human intestinal tract. Proteome profiling by label-free mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) was performed to examine the processes which enable C. jejuni 81-176 to thrive at 37 °C in comparison to 42 °C. In total, four states were compared with each other: incubation for 12 h at 37 °C, for 24 h at 37 °C, for 12 h at 42 °C and 24 h at 42 °C. RESULTS It was shown that the proteomic changes not only according to the different incubation temperature but also to the length of the incubation period were evident when comparing 37 °C and 42 °C as well as 12 h and 24 h of incubation. Altogether, the expression of 957 proteins was quantifiable. 37.1 - 47.3% of the proteins analyzed showed significant differential regulation, with at least a 1.5-fold change in either direction (i.e. log2 FC ≥ 0.585 or log2 FC ≤ -0.585) and an FDR-adjusted p-value of less than 0.05. The significantly differentially expressed proteins could be arranged in 4 different clusters and 16 functional categories. CONCLUSIONS The C. jejuni proteome at 42 °C is better adapted to high replication rates than that at 37 °C, which was in particular indicated by the up-regulation of proteins belonging to the functional categories "replication" (e.g. Obg, ParABS, and NapL), "DNA synthesis and repair factors" (e.g. DNA-polymerase III, DnaB, and DnaE), "lipid and carbohydrate biosynthesis" (e.g. capsular biosynthesis sugar kinase, PrsA, AccA, and AccP) and "vitamin synthesis, metabolism, cofactor biosynthesis" (e.g. MobB, BioA, and ThiE). The relative up-regulation of proteins with chaperone function (GroL, DnaK, ClpB, HslU, GroS, DnaJ, DnaJ-1, and NapD) at 37 °C in comparison to 42 °C after 12 h incubation indicates a temporary lower-temperature proteomic response. Additionally the up-regulation of factors for DNA uptake (ComEA and RecA) at 37 °C compared to 42 °C indicate a higher competence for the acquisition of extraneous DNA at human body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Dreyer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wycliffe O Masanta
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maseno University Medical School, Private Bag, Maseno, 40105, Kenya
| | - Raimond Lugert
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bohne
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Groß
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Leha
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mohammed Dakna
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Bioanalytics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas E Zautner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- CHaMP, Center for Health and Medical Prevention, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Re A, Mazzoli R. Current progress on engineering microbial strains and consortia for production of cellulosic butanol through consolidated bioprocessing. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 16:238-261. [PMID: 36168663 PMCID: PMC9871528 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, fermentative production of n-butanol has regained substantial interest mainly owing to its use as drop-in-fuel. The use of lignocellulose as an alternative to traditional acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation feedstocks (starchy biomass and molasses) can significantly increase the economic competitiveness of biobutanol over production from non-renewable sources (petroleum). However, the low cost of lignocellulose is offset by its high recalcitrance to biodegradation which generally requires chemical-physical pre-treatment and multiple bioreactor-based processes. The development of consolidated processing (i.e., single-pot fermentation) can dramatically reduce lignocellulose fermentation costs and promote its industrial application. Here, strategies for developing microbial strains and consortia that feature both efficient (hemi)cellulose depolymerization and butanol production will be depicted, that is, rational metabolic engineering of native (hemi)cellulolytic or native butanol-producing or other suitable microorganisms; protoplast fusion of (hemi)cellulolytic and butanol-producing strains; and co-culture of (hemi)cellulolytic and butanol-producing microbes. Irrespective of the fermentation feedstock, biobutanol production is inherently limited by the severe toxicity of this solvent that challenges process economic viability. Hence, an overview of strategies for developing butanol hypertolerant strains will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Re
- Centre for Sustainable Future TechnologiesFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaTorinoItaly,Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di TorinoTurinItaly
| | - Roberto Mazzoli
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
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ACETONE-BUTYL FERMENTATION PECULIARITIES OF THE BUTANOL STRAINS -PRODUCER. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech15.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to generalize and analyze the features of acetone-butyl fermentation as a type of butyric acid fermentation in the process of obtaining butanol as an alternative biofuel. Methods. The methods of analysis and generalization of analytical information and literature sources were used in the review. The results were obtained using the following methods such as microbiological (morphological properties of strains), chromatographic (determination of solvent concentration), spectrophotometric (determination of bacterial concentration), and molecular genetic (phylogenetic analysis of strains). Results. The process of acetone-butyl fermentation was analyzed, the main producer strains were considered, the features of the relationship between alcohol formation and sporulation were described, the possibility of butanol obtaining from synthesis gas was shown, and the features of the industrial production of butanol were considered. Conclusions. The features of the mechanism of acetone-butyl fermentation (the relationships between alcohol formation and sporulation, the duration of the acid-forming and alcohol-forming stages during batch fermentation depending on the change in the concentration of H2, CO, partial pressure, organic acids and mineral additives) and obtaining an enrichment culture during the production of butanol as an alternative fuel were shown. The possibility of using synthesis gas as a substrate for reducing atmospheric emissions during the fermentation process was shown. The direction of increasing the productivity of butanol-producing strains to create a competitive industrial biofuel technology was proposed.
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Jang YS, Seong HJ, Kwon SW, Lee YS, Im JA, Lee HL, Yoon YR, Lee SY. Clostridium acetobutylicum atpG-Knockdown Mutants Increase Extracellular pH in Batch Cultures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:754250. [PMID: 34760879 PMCID: PMC8573202 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.754250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ATPase, a key enzyme involved in energy metabolism, has not yet been well studied in Clostridium acetobutylicum. Here, we knocked down the atpG gene encoding the ATPase gamma subunit in C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 using a mobile group II intron system and analyzed the physiological characteristics of the atpG gene knockdown mutant, 824-2866KD. Properties investigated included cell growth, glucose consumption, production of major metabolites, and extracellular pH. Interestingly, in 2-L batch fermentations, 824-2866KD showed no significant difference in metabolite biosynthesis or cell growth compared with the parent ATCC 824. However, the pH value in 824-2866KD cultures at the late stage of the solventogenic phase was abnormally high (pH 6.12), compared with that obtained routinely in the culture of ATCC 824 (pH 5.74). This phenomenon was also observed in batch cultures of another C. acetobutylicum, BEKW-2866KD, an atpG-knockdown and pta-buk double-knockout mutant. The findings reported in this study suggested that ATPase is relatively minor than acid-forming pathway in ATP metabolism in C. acetobutylicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sin Jang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Department of Applied Life Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Seong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Department of Applied Life Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Seong Woo Kwon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Department of Applied Life Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Department of Applied Life Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jung Ae Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Haeng Lim Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Department of Applied Life Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Ye Rin Yoon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Department of Applied Life Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
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Current Progress in Production of Building-Block Organic Acids by Consolidated Bioprocessing of Lignocellulose. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several organic acids have been indicated among the top value chemicals from biomass. Lignocellulose is among the most attractive feedstocks for biorefining processes owing to its high abundance and low cost. However, its highly complex nature and recalcitrance to biodegradation hinder development of cost-competitive fermentation processes. Here, current progress in development of single-pot fermentation (i.e., consolidated bioprocessing, CBP) of lignocellulosic biomass to high value organic acids will be examined, based on the potential of this approach to dramatically reduce process costs. Different strategies for CBP development will be considered such as: (i) design of microbial consortia consisting of (hemi)cellulolytic and valuable-compound producing strains; (ii) engineering of microorganisms that combine biomass-degrading and high-value compound-producing properties in a single strain. The present review will mainly focus on production of organic acids with application as building block chemicals (e.g., adipic, cis,cis-muconic, fumaric, itaconic, lactic, malic, and succinic acid) since polymer synthesis constitutes the largest sector in the chemical industry. Current research advances will be illustrated together with challenges and perspectives for future investigations. In addition, attention will be dedicated to development of acid tolerant microorganisms, an essential feature for improving titer and productivity of fermentative production of acids.
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