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Xiao HD, Su N, Zhang ZD, Dai LL, Luo JL, Zhu XQ, Xie SC, Gao WW. Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis spp. in Black Goats in Shanxi Province, North China: From a Public Health Perspective. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1808. [PMID: 38929427 PMCID: PMC11201008 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis spp. and Giardia duodenalis are two prevalent zoonotic intestinal parasites that can cause severe diarrhea and intestinal diseases in humans and many animals. Black goat (Capra hircus) farming is increasingly important in China due to the remarkable adaptability, high reproductive performance, rapid growth rate, and significant economic value of black goats. A number of studies have indicated that black goats are the potential reservoir of multiple zoonotic protozoans in China; however, the prevalence and zoonotic status of G. duodenalis and Blastocystis spp. in black goats in Shanxi Province is still unknown. Thus, a total of 1200 fecal samples of black goats were collected from several representative regions at different altitudes in Shanxi Province and were examined for the presence and genotypes of G. duodenallis and Blastocystis spp. by amplifying the beta-giardin (bg), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) loci of G. duodenalis and SSU rRNA of Blastocystis spp. using PCR and sequence analysis methods, respectively. The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis and Blastocystis spp. in black goats in Shanxi Province were 7.5% and 3.5%, respectively. Two assemblages (B and E) of G. duodenalis and four subtypes (ST5, ST10, ST14, and ST30) of Blastocystis spp. were identified, with assemblage E and ST10 as the prevalent genotype and subtype in black goats, respectively. One novel multilocus genotype (MLG) was identified in MLG-E and was designated as MLG-E12. For both G. duodenalis and Blastocystis spp., the prevalence was significantly related to the region and age groups (p < 0.05). This is the first report on the prevalence of G. duodenalis and Blastocystis spp. in black goats in Shanxi Province. These results not only provide baseline data for the prevention and control of both parasites in black goats in Shanxi Province, but also enhance our understanding of the genetic composition and zoonotic potential of these two parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Dan Xiao
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (H.-D.X.); (N.S.); (Z.-D.Z.); (L.-L.D.); (J.-L.L.); (X.-Q.Z.); (S.-C.X.)
| | - Nan Su
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (H.-D.X.); (N.S.); (Z.-D.Z.); (L.-L.D.); (J.-L.L.); (X.-Q.Z.); (S.-C.X.)
| | - Ze-Dong Zhang
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (H.-D.X.); (N.S.); (Z.-D.Z.); (L.-L.D.); (J.-L.L.); (X.-Q.Z.); (S.-C.X.)
| | - Ling-Ling Dai
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (H.-D.X.); (N.S.); (Z.-D.Z.); (L.-L.D.); (J.-L.L.); (X.-Q.Z.); (S.-C.X.)
| | - Jun-Lin Luo
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (H.-D.X.); (N.S.); (Z.-D.Z.); (L.-L.D.); (J.-L.L.); (X.-Q.Z.); (S.-C.X.)
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (H.-D.X.); (N.S.); (Z.-D.Z.); (L.-L.D.); (J.-L.L.); (X.-Q.Z.); (S.-C.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Higher Education of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shi-Chen Xie
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (H.-D.X.); (N.S.); (Z.-D.Z.); (L.-L.D.); (J.-L.L.); (X.-Q.Z.); (S.-C.X.)
| | - Wen-Wei Gao
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (H.-D.X.); (N.S.); (Z.-D.Z.); (L.-L.D.); (J.-L.L.); (X.-Q.Z.); (S.-C.X.)
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Yang J, Zeng Y, Li C, Liu S, Meng W, Zhang W, He M, Wang L, Zuo Z, Yue C, Li D, Peng G. Occurrence and Molecular Characteristics of Microsporidia in Captive Red Pandas ( Ailurus fulgens) in China. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1864. [PMID: 37889781 PMCID: PMC10251819 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. are microsporidian pathogens with zoonotic potential that pose significant public health concerns. To ascertain the occurrence and genotypes of E. bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp., we used nested PCR to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene and DNA sequencing to analyze 198 fecal samples from red pandas from 6 zoos in China. The total rate of microsporidial infection was 15.7% (31/198), with 12.1% (24/198), 1.0% (2/198), 2.0% (4/198) and 1.0% (2/198) for infection rate of E. bieneusi, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis and Encephalitozoon hellem, respectively. One red panda was detected positive for a mixed infection (E. bieneusi and E. intestinalis). Red pandas living in semi-free conditions are more likely to be infected with microsporidia (χ2 = 6.212, df = 1, p < 0.05). Three known (SC02, D, and PL2) and one novel (SCR1) genotypes of E. bieneusi were found. Three genotypes of E. bieneusi (SC02, D, SCR1) were grouped into group 1 with public health importance, while genotype PL2 formed a separate clade associated with group 2. These findings suggest that red pandas may serve as a host reservoir for zoonotic microsporidia, potentially allowing transmission from red pandas to humans and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.)
| | - Yangyang Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.)
| | - Caiwu Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Songrui Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Wanyu Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.)
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.)
| | - Ming He
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, Chengdu 610083, China
| | | | | | - Chanjuan Yue
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Desheng Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.)
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Heng ZJ, Yang JF, Xie XY, Xu CR, Chen JR, Ma J, He JJ, Mao HM. Prevalence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Holstein cattle in Yunnan, China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:949462. [PMID: 36337200 PMCID: PMC9633948 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.949462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is an important zoonotic protozoon, which can infect a variety of animals, causing diarrhea and even death of animals or humans. Dairy cattle have been implicated as important sources of human G. duodenalis. However, the information about the prevalence and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis in dairy cattle in China's Yunnan Province remains limited. This study investigated the occurrence and multilocus genotyping of G. duodenalis of Holstein cattle in Yunnan Province, China. A total of 524 fresh fecal samples of Holstein cattle were randomly collected from 8 farms in Yunnan. In this study, 27.5% (144/524) of tested samples were positive for G. duodenalis infection. The highest infection ratio was found in preweaned calves (33.7%), and the infection rates of postweaned calves, growing cattle, and adult cattle were 24.5%, 23.0%, and 17.3%, respectively. The sequence analysis of SSU rRNA gene showed that the predominant assemblage of G. duodenalis in this study was assemblage E (97.9%, 141/144), whereas assemblage A was identified only in three samples (2.1%, 3/144). All G. duodenalis-positive samples were further assayed with nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting β-giardin (bg), triosephosphate isomerase (tpi), and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes, and 87, 41, and 81 sequences were obtained, respectively. Mixed infection of assemblages A and E of G. duodenalis was detected in three samples. Multilocus genotyping yielded 23 multilocus genotypes (MLGs). This is the first study that reveals the prevalence data of G. duodenalis in Holstein cattle in Yunnan Province, and the results of this study provided baseline data for the prevention and control of G. duodenalis infection in Holstein cattle in Yunnan Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Jun Heng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jian-Fa Yang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xin-Yan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Cui-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hua-Ming Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Sui Y, Zhang X, Wang H, Yu F, Zheng L, Guo Y, Lu Y, Chen M, Wang B, Dai H, Liu F, Li J, Dong H, Tong C, Zhang L. Prevalence and genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis in pet dogs from Zhengzhou, central China and the association between gut microbiota and fecal characteristics during infection. One Health 2022; 14:100401. [PMID: 35686142 PMCID: PMC9171527 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a common zoonotic intestinal parasite, Giardia duodenalis could infect humans and various mammals worldwide, including pet dogs, leading to giardiasis. This study detected the infection of G. duodenalis in asymptomatic pet dogs in Zhengzhou, and evaluated the possibility of zoonosis and the relationship between gut microbiota and fecal characteristics. We randomly collected 448 fresh fecal samples from Zhengzhou, and G. duodenalis was screened based on the beta-giardin (bg), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) genes. The difference of gut microbiota between five G. duodenalis-positive and five G. duodenalis-negative samples was investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis was 7.1% (32/448) based on bg, gdh, and tpi locus, two G. duodenalis assemblages (C = 13, D = 14) and five (15.6%) mixed infection (C + D) were identified. Moreover, compared with the G. duodenalis-negative group, the diversity of gut microbiota increased in G. duodenalis-positive group. The decrease of Lactobacillus spp. and considerable increase of Prevotella spp. were associated with the fecal characteristics. These results show that the transmission of zoonotic giardiasis between humans and pet dogs is rare in Zhengzhou, central China, and support the use of Lactobacillus spp. as a potential probiotic agent to improve intestinal health in dogs, or even humans, by treating G. duodenalis. Therefore, the public health significance of G. duodenalis to humans, companion animals, and the environment should be further evaluated from One Health perspective. Prevalence of G. duodenalis was 7.1% in pet dogs in Zhengzhou, central China. G. duodenalis assemblage D infection is associated to higher gut microbial diversity. The abundance of Prevotella and Lactobacillus may affect fecal characteristics. Lactobacillus may be used as a potential feed additive to treat giardiasis. Effective strategies should be taken to minimize the threat posed by G. duodenalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Sui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuchang Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunan Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Bukang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiju Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding authors at: Longzihu Campus of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding authors at: Longzihu Campus of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding authors at: Longzihu Campus of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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