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Cai Y, Bai F, Chen J, Li W, Bao H, Zhang Y, Chen J, Shen W. Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Gene SsCI51640 Is Required for Sporisorium scitamineum Mating/Filamentation by Regulating cAMP Pathway and Improving Sporidia Environmental Adaptability. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:484-496. [PMID: 36173285 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-22-0153-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane smut is a serious disease caused by Sporisorium scitamineum, which causes significant losses to the sugar industry. It is critical to reveal the molecular pathogenic mechanism of S. scitamineum to explore a new control strategy for sugarcane smut. On the basis of transcriptome sequencing data of two S. scitamineum strains with different pathogenicity, we identified the gene, SsCI51640, which was predicted to encode kynurenine 3-monooxygenase. In this study, we obtained knockout mutants and complementary mutants of this gene and identified gene function. The results showed that the sporidial growth rate and acid production ability of knockout mutants were significantly higher and stronger than those of the wild-type and complementary mutants. The growth of knockout mutants under abiotic stress (osmotic stress and cell wall stress) was significantly inhibited. In addition, the sexual mating ability and pathogenicity of knockout mutants were significantly reduced, while this phenomenon could be restored by adding exogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). It is thus speculated that the SsCI51640 gene may regulate sexual mating and pathogenicity of S. scitamineum by the cAMP signaling pathway. Moreover, the SsCI51640 gene enhanced the sporidial environmental adaptability, which promoted sexual mating and development of pathogenicity. This study provides a theoretical basis for the molecular pathogenesis of S. scitamineum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichang Cai
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
- Sugarcane Research Laboratory, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Feng Bai
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Jiaoyun Chen
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
- Sugarcane Research Laboratory, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Wenjia Li
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
- Sugarcane Research Laboratory, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Han Bao
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
- Sugarcane Research Laboratory, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
- Sugarcane Research Laboratory, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
- Sugarcane Research Laboratory, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Wankuan Shen
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
- Sugarcane Research Laboratory, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
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Shuai L, Huang H, Liao L, Duan Z, Zhang X, Wang Z, Lei J, Huang W, Chen X, Huang D, Li Q, Song X, Yan M. Variety-Specific Flowering of Sugarcane Induced by the Smut Fungus Sporisorium scitamineum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:316. [PMID: 36679029 PMCID: PMC9863003 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane smut is the most severe sugarcane disease in China. The typical symptom is the emerging of a long, black whip from the top of the plant cane. However, in 2018, for the first time we observed the floral structures of sugarcane infected by smut fungus in the planting fields of China. Such smut-associated inflorescence in sugarcane was generally curved and short, with small black whips emerging from glumes of a single floret on the cane stalk. Compatible haploid strains, named Ssf1-7 (MAT-1) and Ssf1-8 (MAT-2), isolated from teliospores that formed black whips in inflorescence of sugarcane were selected for sexual mating assay, ITS DNA sequencing analysis and pathogenicity assessment. The isolates Ssf1-7 and Ssf1-8 showed stronger sexual mating capability than the reported Sporisorium scitamineum strains Ss17 and Ss18. The ITS DNA sequence of the isolates Ssf1-7 and Ssf1-8 reached 100% similarity to the isolates of S. scitamineum strains available in GenBank. Inoculating Ssf1-7 + Ssf1-8 to six sugarcane varieties, i.e., GT42, GT44, GT49, GT55, LC05-136 and ROC22, resulted in different smut morphological modifications. The symptoms of floral structure only occurred in LC05-136, indicating that the flowering induction by S. scitamineum is variety-specific. Furthermore, six selected flowering-related genes were found to be differentially expressed in infected Ssf1-7 + Ssf1-8 LC05-13 plantlets compared to uninfected ones. It is concluded that the flowering induction by S. scitamineum depends on specific fungal race and sugarcane variety, suggesting a specific pathogen-host interaction and expression of some flowering-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shuai
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food Research, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
| | - Hairong Huang
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Lingyan Liao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food Research, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
| | - Zhenhua Duan
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food Research, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Zhang
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Zeping Wang
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Jingchao Lei
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Weihua Huang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Xiaohang Chen
- Baise Agricultural Scientific Research Institute, Baise 533612, China
| | - Dongmei Huang
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Qiufang Li
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Xiupeng Song
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Meixin Yan
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning 530007, China
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Cai Y, Zhang Y, Bao H, Chen J, Chen J, Shen W. Squalene Monooxygenase Gene SsCI80130 Regulates Sporisorium scitamineum Mating/Filamentation and Pathogenicity. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050470. [PMID: 35628726 PMCID: PMC9143649 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane is an important sugar crop and energy crop worldwide. Sugarcane smut caused by Sporisorium scitamineum is a serious fungal disease that occurs worldwide, seriously affecting the yield and quality of sugarcane. It is essential to reveal the molecular pathogenesis of S. scitamineum to explore a new control strategy of sugarcane smut. Based on transcriptome sequencing data of two S. scitamineum strains Ss16 and Ss47, each with a different pathogenicity, our laboratory screened out the SsCI80130 gene predicted to encode squalene monooxygenase. In this study, we obtained the knockout mutants (ΔSs80130+ and ΔSs80130−) and complementary mutants (COM80130+ and COM80130−) of this gene by the polyethylene glycol-mediated (PEG-mediated) protoplast transformation technology, and then performed a functional analysis of the gene. The results showed that the deletion of the SsCI80130 gene resulted in the increased content of squalene (substrate for squalene monooxygenase) and decreased content of ergosterol (the final product of the ergosterol synthesis pathway) in S. scitamineum. Meanwhile, the sporidial growth rate of the knockout mutants was significantly slower than that of the wild type and complementary mutants; under cell-wall stress or oxidative stress, the growth of the knockout mutants was significantly inhibited. In addition, the sexual mating ability and pathogenicity of knockout mutants were significantly weakened, while the sexual mating ability could be restored by adding exogenous small-molecular signal substance cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) or tryptophol. It is speculated that the SsCI80130 gene was involved in the ergosterol biosynthesis in S. scitamineum and played an important role in the sporidial growth, stress response to different abiotic stresses (including cell wall stress and oxidative stress), sexual mating/filamentation and pathogenicity. Moreover, the SsCI80130 gene may affect the sexual mating and pathogenicity of S. scitamineum by regulating the ergosterol synthesis and the synthesis of the small-molecular signal substance cAMP or tryptophol required for sexual mating. This study reveals for the first time that the gene encoding squalene monooxygenase is involved in regulating the sexual mating and pathogenicity of S. scitamineum, providing a basis for the molecular pathogenic mechanism of S. scitamineum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichang Cai
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (H.B.); (J.C.); (J.C.)
- Sugarcane Research Laboratory, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (H.B.); (J.C.); (J.C.)
- Sugarcane Research Laboratory, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Han Bao
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (H.B.); (J.C.); (J.C.)
- Sugarcane Research Laboratory, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiaoyun Chen
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (H.B.); (J.C.); (J.C.)
- Sugarcane Research Laboratory, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (H.B.); (J.C.); (J.C.)
- Sugarcane Research Laboratory, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wankuan Shen
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (H.B.); (J.C.); (J.C.)
- Sugarcane Research Laboratory, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-8528-0306; Fax: +86-20-8528-0203
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