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Gandia D, Marcano L, Gandarias L, Villanueva D, Orue I, Abrudan RM, Valencia S, Rodrigo I, Ángel García J, Muela A, Fdez-Gubieda ML, Alonso J. Tuning the Magnetic Response of Magnetospirillum magneticum by Changing the Culture Medium: A Straightforward Approach to Improve Their Hyperthermia Efficiency. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:566-577. [PMID: 36563339 PMCID: PMC9982817 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 have been cultured using three different media: magnetic spirillum growth medium with Wolfe's mineral solution (MSGM + W), magnetic spirillum growth medium without Wolfe's mineral solution (MSGM - W), and flask standard medium (FSM). The influence of the culture medium on the structural, morphological, and magnetic characteristics of the magnetosome chains biosynthesized by these bacteria has been investigated by using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. All bacteria exhibit similar average size for magnetosomes, 40-45 nm, but FSM bacteria present slightly longer subchains. In MSGM + W bacteria, Co2+ ions present in the medium substitute Fe2+ ions in octahedral positions with a total Co doping around 4-5%. In addition, the magnetic response of these bacteria has been thoroughly studied as functions of both the temperature and the applied magnetic field. While MSGM - W and FSM bacteria exhibit similar magnetic behavior, in the case of MSGM + W, the incorporation of the Co ions affects the magnetic response, in particular suppressing the Verwey (∼105 K) and low temperature (∼40 K) transitions and increasing the coercivity and remanence. Moreover, simulations based on a Stoner-Wolhfarth model have allowed us to reproduce the experimentally obtained magnetization versus magnetic field loops, revealing clear changes in different anisotropy contributions for these bacteria depending on the employed culture medium. Finally, we have related how these magnetic changes affect their heating efficiency by using AC magnetometric measurements. The obtained AC hysteresis loops, measured with an AC magnetic field amplitude of up to 90 mT and a frequency, f, of 149 kHz, reveal the influence of the culture medium on the heating properties of these bacteria: below 35 mT, MSGM - W bacteria are the best heating mediators, but above 60 mT, FSM and MSGM + W bacteria give the best heating results, reaching a maximum heating efficiency or specific absorption rate (SAR) of SAR/f ≈ 12 W g-1 kHz-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gandia
- Basque
Center for Materials Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials)
UPV/EHU Science Park Leioa, Leioa48940, Spain
| | - Lourdes Marcano
- Departmento
de Física, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo33007, Spain
| | - Lucía Gandarias
- Departamento
de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa48940, Spain
| | - Danny Villanueva
- Departamento
de Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad
del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa48940, Spain
| | - Iñaki Orue
- SGIker
Medidas Magnéticas, Universidad del
País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa48940, Spain
| | - Radu Marius Abrudan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Street 15, Berlin12489, Germany
| | - Sergio Valencia
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Street 15, Berlin12489, Germany
| | - Irati Rodrigo
- Departamento
Física Aplicada, Universidad del
País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Eibar20600, Spain
| | - José Ángel García
- Departamento
Física Aplicada, Universidad del
País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa48940, Spain
| | - Alicia Muela
- Departamento
de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa48940, Spain
| | - Ma Luisa Fdez-Gubieda
- Basque
Center for Materials Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials)
UPV/EHU Science Park Leioa, Leioa48940, Spain
- Departamento
de Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad
del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa48940, Spain
| | - Javier Alonso
- Departamento
CITIMAC, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander39005, Spain
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Biosensors and Drug Delivery in Oncotheranostics Using Inorganic Synthetic and Biogenic Magnetic Nanoparticles. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12100789. [PMID: 36290927 PMCID: PMC9599632 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanocarriers have attracted attention in translational oncology due to their ability to be employed both for tumor diagnostics and therapy. This review summarizes data on applications of synthetic and biogenic magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in oncological theranostics and related areas. The basics of both types of MNPs including synthesis approaches, structure, and physicochemical properties are discussed. The properties of synthetic MNPs and biogenic MNPs are compared with regard to their antitumor therapeutic efficiency, diagnostic potential, biocompatibility, and cellular toxicity. The comparative analysis demonstrates that both synthetic and biogenic MNPs could be efficiently used for cancer theranostics, including biosensorics and drug delivery. At the same time, reduced toxicity of biogenic particles was noted, which makes them advantageous for in vivo applications, such as drug delivery, or MRI imaging of tumors. Adaptability to surface modification based on natural biochemical processes is also noted, as well as good compatibility with tumor cells and proliferation in them. Advances in the bionanotechnology field should lead to the implementation of MNPs in clinical trials.
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