1
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Lenard T, Ejankowski W. The ice phenology as a predictor of Planktothrix rubescens bloom in vegetation season in temperate lakes. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1384435. [PMID: 38989017 PMCID: PMC11233451 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1384435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Global warming affects air and water temperatures, which impacts the phenology of lakes and aquatic ecosystems. These changes are most noticeable during winter, when the potentially toxic Planktothrix rubescens forms its inoculum for annual blooms. Mostly, research has been conducted on alpine lakes, where blooms have persisted for decades, while a few have focused on temperate lakes. Our study aimed to determine the factors influencing the dynamics of the development of P. rubescens in temperate lakes where blooms occasionally occur, with a particular emphasis on the role of ice phenology. Methods We investigated the vertical distribution of P. rubescens in an annual cycle in three temperate lakes. Samples were collected monthly in the winter and biweekly during the vegetative seasons. Overall, 434 samples were collected and analyzed according to biological and chemical parameters. Physical parameters were measured in situ. Results The vegetation seasons in temperate lakes showed a similar development pattern in the P. rubescens population as that in alpine lakes. Our results also show the influence of physical and chemical factors on the vertical distribution of this cyanobacterium. These results revealed the significant impact of P. rubescens filaments on phytoplankton biodiversity and biomass. Our data show the role of ice phenology in the establishment of the winter inoculum of P. rubescens and its further mass development until its disappearance in autumn. Conclusion A climate-zone-independent pattern of P. rubescens blooms was observed during the vegetation periods. The population of P. rubescens was more influenced by physical factors than by the availability of dissolved nutrients in the water. Despite the same etiology, global warming has been shown to cause different responses in aquatic ecosystems, which affect the different nature of P. rubescens appearances. We associated blooms in temperate lakes, in contrast to alpine lakes, mainly with the presence of ice cover during severe winters, when the species establishes its inoculum. Hence, blooms in temperate lakes occur at different time intervals. Therefore, the dynamics of periodic blooms of P. rubescens in temperate lakes provide novel knowledge to the case study and a counterpoint to permanent blooms found in deep alpine lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Lenard
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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2
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Lenard T. Metabolic activity of deep living cyanobacteria: Photosynthesis versus respiration. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024; 60:639-641. [PMID: 38858854 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Lenard
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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3
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Dordoni M, Tittel J, Rosenlöcher Y, Rinke K, Barth JAC. Metabolic activity of Planktothrix rubescens and its consequences on oxygen dynamics in laboratory experiment: A stable isotope study. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024; 60:642-653. [PMID: 38634250 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Fluctuations in dissolved oxygen (DO) contents in natural waters can become intense during cyanobacteria blooms. In a reconnaissance study, we investigated DO concentrations and stable isotope dynamics during a laboratory experiment with the cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens in order to obtain insights into primary production under specific conditions. This observation was extended to sub-daily timescales with alternating light and dark phases. Dissolved oxygen concentrations and its isotopes (δ18ODO) ranged from 0.02 to 0.06 mmol · L-1 and from +9.6‰ to +23.4‰. The δ18ODO proved to be more sensitive than concentration measurements in response to metabolic variation and registered earlier shifts to dominance by respiration. Oxygen (O2) contents in the headspace and its isotopes (δ18OO2) ranged from 2.62 to 3.20 mmol · L-1 and from +9.8‰ to +21.9‰. Headspace samples showed less fluctuations in concentration and isotope trends because aquatic processes were hardly able to alter signals once the gas had reached the headspace. Headspace δ18OO2 values were corrected for gas-water equilibration and were determined to be higher than the mean δ18OH2O of -8.7‰. This finding suggests that counteracting respiration was important even during the highest photosynthetic activity. Additionally, headspace analyses led to the definition of a fractionation factor for respiration (αR) of this cyanobacterium with a value of 0.980. This value confirms the one commonly used for cyanobacteria. Our findings may become important for the management of water bodies where decreases in DO are caused by cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Dordoni
- Department of Geography and Geosciences, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Tittel
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Karsten Rinke
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes A C Barth
- Department of Geography and Geosciences, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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4
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Harris TD, Reinl KL, Azarderakhsh M, Berger SA, Berman MC, Bizic M, Bhattacharya R, Burnet SH, Cianci-Gaskill JA, Domis LNDS, Elfferich I, Ger KA, Grossart HPF, Ibelings BW, Ionescu D, Kouhanestani ZM, Mauch J, McElarney YR, Nava V, North RL, Ogashawara I, Paule-Mercado MCA, Soria-Píriz S, Sun X, Trout-Haney JV, Weyhenmeyer GA, Yokota K, Zhan Q. What makes a cyanobacterial bloom disappear? A review of the abiotic and biotic cyanobacterial bloom loss factors. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 133:102599. [PMID: 38485445 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms present substantial challenges to managers and threaten ecological and public health. Although the majority of cyanobacterial bloom research and management focuses on factors that control bloom initiation, duration, toxicity, and geographical extent, relatively little research focuses on the role of loss processes in blooms and how these processes are regulated. Here, we define a loss process in terms of population dynamics as any process that removes cells from a population, thereby decelerating or reducing the development and extent of blooms. We review abiotic (e.g., hydraulic flushing and oxidative stress/UV light) and biotic factors (e.g., allelopathic compounds, infections, grazing, and resting cells/programmed cell death) known to govern bloom loss. We found that the dominant loss processes depend on several system specific factors including cyanobacterial genera-specific traits, in situ physicochemical conditions, and the microbial, phytoplankton, and consumer community composition. We also address loss processes in the context of bloom management and discuss perspectives and challenges in predicting how a changing climate may directly and indirectly affect loss processes on blooms. A deeper understanding of bloom loss processes and their underlying mechanisms may help to mitigate the negative consequences of cyanobacterial blooms and improve current management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted D Harris
- Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research, University of Kansas, 2101 Constant Ave., Lawrence, KS, 66047
| | - Kaitlin L Reinl
- Lake Superior National Estuarine Research Reserve, University of Wisconsin - Madison Division of Extension, 14 Marina Dr, Superior, WI 54880
| | - Marzi Azarderakhsh
- Department of Construction and Civil Engineering, New York City College of Technology, 300 Jay Street, New York, NY 11201
| | - Stella A Berger
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Zur alten Fischerhütte 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Castro Berman
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 and Darrin Freshwater Institute, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Bolton Landing, NY, 12814
| | - Mina Bizic
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Zur alten Fischerhütte 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany
| | - Ruchi Bhattacharya
- Department of Biological, Geological & Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115
| | - Sarah H Burnet
- University of Idaho, Fish and Wildlife Sciences, Moscow, ID, USA, 83844
| | - Jacob A Cianci-Gaskill
- Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, 2514 Cleveland Rd East, Huron, OH 44839
| | - Lisette N de Senerpont Domis
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Water Resources and Pervasive Systems Group, faculty of EEMCS and ITC, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Elfferich
- Cardiff University, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Main Building, Park Place CF10 3AT, Cardiff, UK
| | - K Ali Ger
- Department of Ecology, Center for Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, R. das Biociencias, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Hans-Peter F Grossart
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Zur alten Fischerhütte 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany; Potsdam University, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Maulbeeralle 2, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bas W Ibelings
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, University of Geneva, 66 Blvd Carl Vogt, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Danny Ionescu
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Zur alten Fischerhütte 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany
| | - Zohreh Mazaheri Kouhanestani
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri-Columbia, Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, MO, 65211-7220
| | - Jonas Mauch
- Department of Community and Ecosystem Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne R McElarney
- Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystems, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Veronica Nava
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, MI, Italy.
| | - Rebecca L North
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri-Columbia, Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, MO, 65211-7220
| | - Igor Ogashawara
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Zur alten Fischerhütte 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany
| | - Ma Cristina A Paule-Mercado
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Sara Soria-Píriz
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, 141 Av. du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2 × 1Y4, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Xinyu Sun
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Gesa A Weyhenmeyer
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kiyoko Yokota
- Biology Department, State University of New York at Oneonta, Oneonta, NY 13820, USA
| | - Qing Zhan
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Weger HG, Polasek AK, Wright DM, Damodaran A, Stavrinides J. Grazing preferences of three species of amoebae on cyanobacteria and green algae. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2024; 71:e13018. [PMID: 38197812 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Twenty species/isolates of cyanobacteria and green algae were isolated from cyanobacterial bloom samples in lakes associated with the upper Qu'Appelle River drainage system in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. Three amoebae species (Cochliopodium sp., Vannella sp. and Vermamoeba vermiformis) were also isolated from one of these samples, and were subjected to grazing assays to determine which species of cyanobacteria or algae could potentially serve as a food source. Amoeba grazing rates were quantified based on the diameter of the plaque after 12 days on agar plate assays, and by estimation of the amoeba population growth rate from the rate of increase of plaque area. The common cyanobacterial bloom-formers Dolichospermum sp. and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae supported high growth rates for all three amoebae, while green algae, with the exception of one green alga/amoeba combination, did not support growth of the tested amoebae. Many of the cyanobacterial and algal isolates that did not support amoebae growth were ingested, suggesting that ingestion did not determine grazing success. Overall, while the cyanobacteria Dolichospermum sp. and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae were suitable food sources for the amoebae, the other cyanobacteria were grazed in an unpredictable manner, with some species/strains grazed by some amoebae and some species not grazed at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold G Weger
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - April K Polasek
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Derek M Wright
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Arun Damodaran
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - John Stavrinides
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
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6
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Carratalà A, Chappelier C, Selmoni O, Guillaume AS, Chmiel HE, Pasche N, Weil C, Kohn T, Joost S. Vertical distribution and seasonal dynamics of planktonic cyanobacteria communities in a water column of deep mesotrophic Lake Geneva. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1295193. [PMID: 38169808 PMCID: PMC10758419 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1295193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Temperate subalpine lakes recovering from eutrophication in central Europe are experiencing harmful blooms due to the proliferation of Planktothrix rubescens, a potentially toxic cyanobacteria. To optimize the management of cyanobacteria blooms there is the need to better comprehend the combination of factors influencing the diversity and dominance of cyanobacteria and their impact on the lake's ecology. The goal of this study was to characterize the diversity and seasonal dynamics of cyanobacteria communities found in a water column of Lake Geneva, as well as the associated changes on bacterioplankton abundance and composition. Methods We used 16S rRNA amplicon high throughput sequencing on more than 200 water samples collected from surface to 100 meters deep monthly over 18 months. Bacterioplankton abundance was determined by quantitative PCR and PICRUSt predictions were used to explore the functional pathways present in the community and to calculate functional diversity indices. Results The obtained results confirmed that the most dominant cyanobacteria in Lake Geneva during autumn and winter was Planktothrix (corresponding to P. rubescens). Our data also showed an unexpectedly high relative abundance of picocyanobacterial genus Cyanobium, particularly during summertime. Multidimensional scaling of Bray Curtis dissimilarity revealed that the dominance of P. rubescens was coincident with a shift in the bacterioplankton community composition and a significant decline in bacterioplankton abundance, as well as a temporary reduction in the taxonomic and PICRUSt2 predicted functional diversity. Conclusion Overall, this study expands our fundamental understanding of the seasonal dynamics of cyanobacteria communities along a vertical column in Lake Geneva and the ecology of P. rubescens, ultimately contributing to improve our preparedness against the potential occurrence of toxic blooms in the largest lake of western Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carratalà
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, ENAC, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Chappelier
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, ENAC, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Selmoni
- Department of Embryology, Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC, United States
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry (LGB), Geospatial Molecular Epidemiology Group (GEOME), ENAC Faculty, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Annie S. Guillaume
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry (LGB), Geospatial Molecular Epidemiology Group (GEOME), ENAC Faculty, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hannah E. Chmiel
- Eusserthal Ecosystem Research Station (EERES), Institute for Environmental Sciences (iES), University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
- Limnology Center, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natacha Pasche
- Limnology Center, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Weil
- ENAC-IT4R, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tamar Kohn
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, ENAC, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Joost
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry (LGB), Geospatial Molecular Epidemiology Group (GEOME), ENAC Faculty, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Erratt K, Creed IF, Freeman EC, Trick CG, Westrick J, Birbeck JA, Watson LC, Zastepa A. Deep Cyanobacteria Layers: An Overlooked Aspect of Managing Risks of Cyanobacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17902-17912. [PMID: 36414474 PMCID: PMC9775209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The risk of human exposure to cyanotoxins is partially influenced by the location of toxin-producing cyanobacteria in waterbodies. Cyanotoxin production can occur throughout the water column, with deep water production representing a potential public health concern, specifically for drinking water supplies. Deep cyanobacteria layers are often unreported, and it remains to be seen if lower incident rates reflect an uncommon phenomenon or a monitoring bias. Here, we examine Sunfish Lake, Ontario, Canada as a case study lake with a known deep cyanobacteria layer. Cyanotoxin and other bioactive metabolite screening revealed that the deep cyanobacteria layer was toxigenic [0.03 μg L-1 microcystins (max) and 2.5 μg L-1 anabaenopeptins (max)]. The deep layer was predominantly composed of Planktothrix isothrix (exhibiting a lower cyanotoxin cell quota), with Planktothrix rubescens (exhibiting a higher cyanotoxin cell quota) found at background levels. The co-occurrence of multiple toxigenic Planktothrix species underscores the importance of routine surveillance for prompt identification leading to early intervention. For instance, microcystin concentrations in Sunfish Lake are currently below national drinking water thresholds, but shifting environmental conditions (e.g., in response to climate change or nutrient modification) could fashion an environment favoring P. rubescens, creating a scenario of greater cyanotoxin production. Future work should monitor the entire water column to help build predictive capacities for identifying waterbodies at elevated risk of developing deep cyanobacteria layers to safeguard drinking water supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin
J. Erratt
- School
of Environment & Sustainability, University
of Saskatchewan, Collaborative Science Research Building, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SaskatchewanS7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Irena F. Creed
- School
of Environment & Sustainability, University
of Saskatchewan, Collaborative Science Research Building, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SaskatchewanS7N 5E2, Canada
- Department
of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, OntarioM1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Erika C. Freeman
- Ecosystems
and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1TN, U.K.
| | - Charles G. Trick
- Department
of Health & Society, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, OntarioM1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Judy Westrick
- Lumigen
Instrument Center, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan48202, United States
| | - Johnna A. Birbeck
- Lumigen
Instrument Center, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan48202, United States
| | - L. Cynthia Watson
- Environment
and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre
for Inland Waters, 867
Lakeshore Road, Burlington, OntarioL7S1A1, Canada
| | - Arthur Zastepa
- Environment
and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre
for Inland Waters, 867
Lakeshore Road, Burlington, OntarioL7S1A1, Canada
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8
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Lenard T, Poniewozik M. Planktothrix agardhii versus Planktothrix rubescens: Separation of Ecological Niches and Consequences of Cyanobacterial Dominance in Freshwater. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14897. [PMID: 36429622 PMCID: PMC9690196 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria dominate lakes under diverse trophic conditions. Of these, two harmful filamentous cyanobacterial species, namely Planktothrix agardhii and P. rubescens, occupy completely different ecological niches in which they can form dense populations. In the present study, we investigated the effects of environmental conditions on the growth and vertical distribution of these species in lakes of different trophic statuses. Moreover, we underscored certain inconveniences in the assessment of the ecological status of lakes according to the European Union Water Framework Directive. The highest biomass of P. agardhii was recorded in eutrophic lake at a depth of 0.5-1 m, under high light intensity. Meanwhile, the highest biomass of P. rubescens, at which the deep chlorophyll maximum was recorded, was observed in mesotrophic lakes at a depth of 11-12 m, often below the euphotic zone under very low light intensity. P. rubescens, but not P. agardhii, exerted a strong allelopathic effect on the diversity and biomass of phytoplankton. Moreover, both species utilised different dissolved nitrogen fractions for their growth; specifically, P. agardhii used ammonium nitrogen, whilst P. rubescens used nitrate nitrogen. Furthermore, dissolved phosphorus produced a potentially limiting effect on P. rubescens growth. Overall, the tested Polish PMPL, German PSI, and Estonian phytoplankton indices were indeed useful in the assessment of the ecological status of lakes, albeit limited to the eutrophic lake with a high biomass of cyanobacteria (P. agardhii) in the upper water layers. However, problems arose in the proper assessment of lakes with a high biomass of cyanobacteria (P. rubescens) with a deep chlorophyll maximum outside the range of the euphotic zone. In such cases, two of the tested indices, namely the Polish and German indices, allowed sample collection from the euphotic layers, which significantly affected the number of samples included in the calculation. Consequently, the correct calculation of the ecological status of the lake was uncertain. Only the Estonian index allowed for a sample collection from two to three thermal layers of water, including the bloom layer of P. rubescens. Hence, the Estonian index offered the best fit for calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Lenard
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1I, PL-20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Poniewozik
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1I, PL-20-708 Lublin, Poland
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9
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Müller B, Meyer JS, Gächter R. Denitrification and Nitrogen Burial in Swiss Lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:2794-2802. [PMID: 35090113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Earth's nitrogen (N) cycle is imbalanced because of excessive anthropogenic inputs. Freshwater lakes efficiently remove N from surface waters by transformation of NO3- to atmospheric N2 and/or N2O (denitrification; DN) and by burial of organic N in sediments (net sedimentation; NS). However, relatively little is known about the controlling environmental conditions, and few long-term measurements on individual lakes are available to quantify conversion rates. We report N-elimination rates in 21 Swiss lakes estimated from whole-lake N budgets covering up to ∼20 years of monitoring. The NO3- concentration in the bottom water was the main predictor of DN. Additionally, DN rates were positively correlated with external N load and the area-specific hydraulic loading rate (mean depth/water residence time; Qs). NS of N was strongly related to total phosphorus (P) concentration. Nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE), the fraction of the load of dissolved N to a lake removed by DN and NS, was strongly negatively related to Qs. This previously unconsidered variable improves the predictability of NRE and does not require knowledge of N and P loading rates or concentrations. We conclude that P management alone intended to oligotrophy lakes only slightly increases N export unless it is accompanied by N management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Müller
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Joseph S Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 United States
- Applied Limnology Professionals LLC, Golden, Colorado 80401 United States
| | - René Gächter
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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10
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Minaudo C, Odermatt D, Bouffard D, Rahaghi AI, Lavanchy S, Wüest A. The Imprint of Primary Production on High-Frequency Profiles of Lake Optical Properties. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:14234-14244. [PMID: 34591466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water inherent optical properties (IOPs) contain integrative information on the optical constituents of surface waters. In lakes, IOP measurements have not been traditionally collected. This study describes how high-frequency IOP profiles can be used to document short-term physical and biogeochemical processes that ultimately influence the long-term trajectory of lake ecosystems. Between October 2018 and May 2020, we collected 1373 high-resolution hyperspectral IOP profiles in the uppermost 50 m of the large mesotrophic Lake Geneva (Switzerland-France), using an autonomous profiler. A data set of this size and content does not exist for any other lake. Results showed seasonal variations in the IOPs, following the expected dynamic of phytoplankton. We found systematic diel patterns in the IOPs. Phases of these diel cycles were consistent year-round, and amplitudes correlated to the diurnal variations of dissolved oxygen, clarifying the link between IOPs and phytoplankton metabolism. Diel amplitudes were largest in spring and summer under low wind condition. Wind-driven changes in thermal stratification impacted the dynamic of the IOPs, illustrating the potential of high-frequency profiles of water optical properties to increase our understanding of carbon cycling in lake ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Minaudo
- Physics of Aquatic Systems Laboratory, Margaretha Kamprad Chair, EPFL, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Odermatt
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Surface Waters - Research and Management, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Department of Geography, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Damien Bouffard
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Surface Waters - Research and Management, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Abolfazl Irani Rahaghi
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Surface Waters - Research and Management, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Lavanchy
- Physics of Aquatic Systems Laboratory, Margaretha Kamprad Chair, EPFL, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Wüest
- Physics of Aquatic Systems Laboratory, Margaretha Kamprad Chair, EPFL, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Surface Waters - Research and Management, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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