Indole-Terpenoids With Anti-inflammatory Activities From Penicillium sp. HFF16 Associated With the Rhizosphere Soil of Cynanchum bungei Decne

Prenylated indole-terpenoids with antidiabetic activities from Penicillium sp. HFF16 from the rhizosphere soil of Cynanchum bungei Decne

Finding novel and effective suppression of hepatic glucagon response antidiabetic compounds is urgently required for the development of new drugs against diabetes. Fungi are well known for their ability to produce new bioactive secondary metabolites. In this study, four new prenylated indole-terpenoids (1-4), named encindolenes I-L, as well as a known analogue (5), were isolated from the fungus Penicillium sp. HFF16from the rhizosphere soil of Cynanchum bungei Decne. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic data and ECD analysis. In the antidiabetic activity assay, compounds 1-5 could inhibit glucagon-induced hepatic glucose output with EC₅₀ values of 67.23, 102.1, 49.46, 25.20, and 35.96 μM, respectively, and decrease the intracellular cAMP contents in primary hepatocytes.

Ag@TiO2 Nanocomposite as an Efficient Catalyst for Knoevenagel Condensation

In the present study, a new series of different heterocycles was synthesized through base-free Knoevenagel condensation of various aldehydes and active methylene-containing compounds using the hydrothermal developed Ag@TiO₂ as a heterogeneous catalyst. The catalyst was synthesized by mixing TiO₂ (P25) with AgNO₃ and hydrothermally treated in ethanol at 180 °C for 12 h. The developed Ag@TiO₂ catalyst was directly applied for Knoevenagel condensation, and the optimized procedure involved stirring the aldehydes and active methylene-containing compounds with Ag@TiO₂ in ethanol at 65 °C. The reaction scope was investigated for various aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes with active methylene-containing compounds, and the isolated yields were significantly high. The reusability of the catalyst was investigated for up to five cycles, where an insignificant decrease in the catalyst's reactivity was observed. Also, the reaction could proceed in water as a solvent, and the isolated yield was 40%. Hence, this protocol features mild reaction conditions, a facile procedure, and clean reaction profiles.

Antidiabetic lanostane triterpenoids from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma weberianum

Eight previously undescribed lanostane triterpenoids, ganodeweberiols A ∼ H (1-8), together with eighteen known compounds (9-26), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma weberianum. The structures and absolute configurations of the new compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, as well as NMR chemical shifts and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 2, 7, 12, and 14 showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values ranging from 35.3 μM ∼ 223.4 μM compared to the positive control acarbose (IC₅₀, 304.6 μM). Kinetic study indicated that the most potent compound 12 was a mixed type inhibitor for α-glucosidase. Molecular docking simulation revealed the interactions of 12 with α-glucosidase. Additionally, Compounds 3 and 6 inhibited glucagon-induced hepatic glucose production in HepG2 cells with EC₅₀ values of 42.0 and 85.9 μM, respectively. Further study revealed that compounds 3 and 6 inhibited hepatic glucose production by suppression glucagon-induced cAMP accumulation. Moreover, compounds 3 and 26 were active against HeLa cell line with IC₅₀ values of 17.0 and 6.8 μM, respectively.

Anti-Diabetic Indole-Terpenoids From Penicillium sp. HFF16 Isolated From the Rhizosphere Soil of Cynanchum bungei Decne

Finding novel anti-diabetic compounds with effective suppression activities against hepatic glucagon response is urgently required for the development of new drugs against diabetes. Fungi are well known for their ability to produce new bioactive secondary metabolites. As part of our ongoing research, five new indole-terpenoids (1–5), named encindolenes D-H, were isolated from the fungus Penicillium sp. HFF16 from the rhizosphere soil of Cynanchum bungei Decne. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic data and ECD analysis. In the anti-diabetic activity assay, compounds 1–5 could inhibit the hepatic glucose production with EC50 values of 17.6, 30.1, 21.3, 9.6, and 9.9 μM, respectively, and decrease the cAMP contents in glucagon-induced HepG2 cells.

Humulane-Type Macrocyclic Sesquiterpenoids From the Endophytic Fungus Penicillium sp. of Carica papaya

Three new humulane-type sesquiterpenoids, penirolide A (1), penirolide B (2), and 10-acetyl-phomanoxide (3), together with three known compounds aurasperone A (4), pughiinin A (5), and cyclo(l-Leu-l-Phe) (6) were isolated from the endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. derived from the leaves of Carica papaya L. Their structures including their absolute configurations were determined based on the analysis of NMR and HRESIMS spectra, NMR chemical shifts, and ECD calculations. Compounds 2, 3, 5, and 6 significantly inhibited glucagon-induced hepatic glucose production, with EC₅₀ values of 33.3, 36.1, 18.8, and 32.1 μM, respectively. Further study revealed that compounds 2, 3, 5, and 6 inhibited hepatic glucose production by suppression of glucagon-induced cAMP accumulation.