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Lee EB, Abbas MA, Park J, Tassew DD, Park SC. Optimizing tylosin dosage for co-infection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida in pigs using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1258403. [PMID: 37808183 PMCID: PMC10556534 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1258403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Formulating a therapeutic strategy that can effectively combat concurrent infections of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae) and Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) can be challenging. This study aimed to 1) establish minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), time kill curve, and post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of tylosin against A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida pig isolates and employ the MIC data for the development of epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) values; 2) estimate the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of tylosin following its intramuscular (IM) administration (20 mg/kg) in healthy and infected pigs; and 3) establish a PK-pharmacodynamic (PD) integrated model and predict optimal dosing regimens and PK/PD cutoff values for tylosin in healthy and infected pigs. The MIC of tylosin against both 89 and 363 isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida strains spread widely, ranging from 1 to 256 μg/mL and from 0.5 to 128 μg/mL, respectively. According to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) ECOFFinder analysis ECOFF value (≤64 µg/mL), 97.75% (87 strains) of the A. pleuropnumoniae isolates were wild-type, whereas with the same ECOFF value (≤64 µg/mL), 99.72% (363 strains) of the P. multicoda isolates were considered wild-type to tylosin. Area under the concentration time curve (AUC), T1/2, and Cmax values were significantly greater in healthy pigs than those in infected pigs (13.33 h × μg/mL, 1.99 h, and 5.79 μg/mL vs. 10.46 h × μg/mL, 1.83 h, and 3.59 μg/mL, respectively) (p < 0.05). In healthy pigs, AUC24 h/MIC values for the bacteriostatic activity were 0.98 and 1.10 h; for the bactericidal activity, AUC24 h/MIC values were 1.97 and 1.99 h for A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida, respectively. In infected pigs, AUC24 h/MIC values for the bacteriostatic activity were 1.03 and 1.12 h; for bactericidal activity, AUC24 h/MIC values were 2.54 and 2.36 h for A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida, respectively. Monte Carlo simulation lead to a 2 μg/mL calculated PK/PD cutoff. Managing co-infections can present challenges, as it often demands the administration of multiple antibiotics to address diverse pathogens. However, using tylosin, which effectively targets both A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida in pigs, may enhance the control of bacterial burden. By employing an optimized dosage of 11.94-15.37 mg/kg and 25.17-27.79 mg/kg of tylosin can result in achieving bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects in 90% of co-infected pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eon-Bee Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Aleem Abbas
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- DIVA Bio Incorporation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Musa L, Stefanetti V, Casagrande Proietti P, Grilli G, Gobbi M, Toppi V, Brustenga L, Magistrali CF, Franciosini MP. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Commensal E. coli Isolated from Wild Birds in Umbria (Central Italy). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1776. [PMID: 37889728 PMCID: PMC10252015 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of wildlife, including birds, in antimicrobial resistance is nowadays a speculative topic for the scientific community as they could be spreaders/sources of antimicrobial resistance genes. In this respect, we aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of 100 commensal Escherichia coli strains, isolated from wild birds from an Umbrian rescue centre and admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Perugia (Central Italy) mainly for traumatic injuries. The possible presence of Salmonella spp. and ESBL-producing E. coli was also estimated. The highest prevalence of resistance was observed for ampicillin (85%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (47%), probably due to their extensive use in human and veterinary medicine. Seventeen out of the one hundred E. coli isolates (17%) displayed a multidrug-resistance profile, including the beta-lactam category, with the most common resistance patterns to three or four classes of antibiotics. Resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime and ceftazidime exhibited values of 18%, 17% and 15%, respectively. Eight out of the hundred E. coli isolates (8%) were ESBL and seven showed multidrug resistance profiles. Salmonella spp. was not isolated. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, also detected in long-distance migratory birds, suggests the need for monitoring studies to define the role of wild birds in antimicrobial resistance circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Musa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.P.); (V.T.); (L.B.); (M.P.F.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Valentina Stefanetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.P.); (V.T.); (L.B.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Patrizia Casagrande Proietti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.P.); (V.T.); (L.B.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Guido Grilli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati” (IZSUM), Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.G.); (C.F.M.)
| | - Valeria Toppi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.P.); (V.T.); (L.B.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Leonardo Brustenga
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.P.); (V.T.); (L.B.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Chiara Francesca Magistrali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati” (IZSUM), Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.G.); (C.F.M.)
| | - Maria Pia Franciosini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (L.M.); (P.C.P.); (V.T.); (L.B.); (M.P.F.)
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Establishment of Epidemiological Resistance Cut-Off Values of Aquatic Aeromonas to Eight Antimicrobial Agents. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040776. [PMID: 35456826 PMCID: PMC9026424 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The abuse of antibiotics in aquaculture has led to the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance of aquatic bacteria including Aeromonas, which is an increasing threat to environmental and human health. To date, no epidemiological cut-off values (COWT) for Aeromonas spp. have been established by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute nor the European Commission on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. In this study, commercially prepared minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test 96-well plates (dry-form plates) were used to determine the MIC of eight antimicrobial agents against 556 Aeromonas strains. The obtained MIC distributions were simulated and analyzed by NRI and ECOFFinder to obtain tentative COWT values for Aeromonas spp. The COWT values of eight kinds of representative antimicrobial agents including trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, doxycycline, neomycin, colistin, florfenicol, enrofloxacin, and ceftazidime for Aeromonas spp. were established and were 0.25, 64/32, 4/2, 8, 4, 1, 0.062/0.125, and 0.5 μg/mL, respectively. Results showed that Aeromonas spp. had a very high proportion of non-wild-type strains to enrofloxacin, florfenicol, and doxycycline, which are the most widely used antimicrobials in aquaculture. The COWT values for Aeromonas spp. obtained in this study can contribute to the final establishment of COWT for Aeromonas spp. internationally.
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Wang S, Huang A, Gu Y, Li J, Huang L, Wang X, Tao Y, Liu Z, Wu C, Yuan Z, Hao H. Rational Use of Danofloxacin for Treatment of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Chickens Based on the Clinical Breakpoint and Lung Microbiota Shift. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030403. [PMID: 35326865 PMCID: PMC8944443 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was to explore the rational use of danofloxacin against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) based on its clinical breakpoint (CBP) and the effect on lung microbiota. The CBP was established according to epidemiological cutoff value (ECV/COWT), pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) cutoff value (COPD) and clinical cutoff value (COCL). The ECV was determined by the micro-broth dilution method and analyzed by ECOFFinder software. The COPD was determined according to PK–PD modeling of danofloxacin in infected lung tissue with Monte Carlo analysis. The COCL was performed based on the relationship between the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the possibility of cure (POC) from clinical trials. The CBP in infected lung tissue was 1 μg/mL according to CLSI M37-A3 decision tree. The 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing results showed that the lung microbiota, especially the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria had changed significantly along with the process of cure regimen (the 24 h dosing interval of 16.60 mg/kg b.w for three consecutive days). Our study suggested that the rational use of danofloxacin for the treatment of MG infections should consider the MIC and effect of antibiotics on the respiratory microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuge Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.W.); (A.H.); (Y.G.); (L.H.); (X.W.); (Y.T.); (Z.L.); (Z.Y.)
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan 430070, China
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Anxiong Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.W.); (A.H.); (Y.G.); (L.H.); (X.W.); (Y.T.); (Z.L.); (Z.Y.)
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yufeng Gu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.W.); (A.H.); (Y.G.); (L.H.); (X.W.); (Y.T.); (Z.L.); (Z.Y.)
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Lingli Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.W.); (A.H.); (Y.G.); (L.H.); (X.W.); (Y.T.); (Z.L.); (Z.Y.)
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.W.); (A.H.); (Y.G.); (L.H.); (X.W.); (Y.T.); (Z.L.); (Z.Y.)
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanfei Tao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.W.); (A.H.); (Y.G.); (L.H.); (X.W.); (Y.T.); (Z.L.); (Z.Y.)
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.W.); (A.H.); (Y.G.); (L.H.); (X.W.); (Y.T.); (Z.L.); (Z.Y.)
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Congming Wu
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.W.); (A.H.); (Y.G.); (L.H.); (X.W.); (Y.T.); (Z.L.); (Z.Y.)
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haihong Hao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.W.); (A.H.); (Y.G.); (L.H.); (X.W.); (Y.T.); (Z.L.); (Z.Y.)
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87287186; Fax: +86-27-87672232
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