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Lee G, Kim A, Kang HR, Hwang JH, Park JH, Lee MJ, Kim B, Kim SM. Porcine interferon-α linked to the porcine IgG-Fc induces prolonged and broad-spectrum antiviral effects against foot-and-mouth disease virus. Antiviral Res 2024; 223:105836. [PMID: 38360296 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important disease, and the FMD virus (FMDV) can spread rapidly in susceptible animals. FMD is usually controlled through vaccination. However, commercial FMD vaccines are only effective 4-7 days after vaccination. Furthermore, FMDV comprises seven serotypes and various topotypes, and these aspects should be considered when selecting a vaccine. Antiviral agents could provide rapid and broad protection against FMDV. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a fusion protein of consensus porcine interferon-α and Fc portion of porcine antibody IgG (poIFN-α-Fc) using a baculovirus expression system to develop a novel antiviral agent against FMDV. We measured the antiviral effects of the poIFN-α-Fc protein against FMDV and the enhanced duration in vitro and in vivo. The broad-spectrum antiviral effects were tested against seven FMDV serotypes, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and bovine enterovirus (BEV). Furthermore, the early protective effects and neutralizing antibody levels were tested by co-injecting poIFN-α-Fc and an FMD-inactivated vaccine into mice or pigs. Sustained antiviral effects in pig sera and mice were observed, and pigs injected with a combination of the poIFN-α-Fc and an inactivated FMD vaccine were protected against FMDV in a dose-dependent manner at 2- and 4-days post-vaccination. In addition, combined with the inactivated FMD vaccine, poIFN-α-Fc increased the neutralizing antibody levels in mice. Therefore, poIFN-α-Fc is a potential broad-spectrum antiviral and adjuvant candidate that can be used with inactivated FMD vaccines to protect pigs against FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongmin Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Aro Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Rin Kang
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Hwang
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ja Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byounghan Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang H, Wang X, Qu M, Li Z, Yin X, Tang L, Liu X, Sun Y. Foot-and-mouth disease virus structural protein VP3 interacts with HDAC8 and promotes its autophagic degradation to facilitate viral replication. Autophagy 2023; 19:2869-2883. [PMID: 37408174 PMCID: PMC10549200 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2233847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy has been utilized by many viruses, including foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), to facilitate replication, while the underlying mechanism of the interplay between autophagy and innate immune responses is still elusive. This study showed that HDAC8 (histone deacetylase 8) inhibits FMDV replication by regulating innate immune signal transduction and antiviral response. To counteract the HDAC8 effect, FMDV utilizes autophagy to promote HDAC8 degradation. Further data showed that FMDV structural protein VP3 promotes autophagy during virus infection and interacts with and degrades HDAC8 in an AKT-MTOR-ATG5-dependent autophagy pathway. Our data demonstrated that FMDV evolved a strategy to counteract host antiviral activity by autophagic degradation of a protein that regulates innate immune response during virus infection.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ATG: autophagy related; Baf-A1: bafilomycin A1; CCL5: C-C motif chemokine ligand 5; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CQ: chloroquine phosphate; DAPI: 4",6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; FMDV: foot-and-mouth disease virus; HDAC8: histone deacetylase 8; ISG: IFN-stimulated gene; IRF3: interferon regulatory factor 3; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MOI: multiplicity of infection; MAVS: mitochondria antiviral signaling protein; OAS: 2"-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase; RB1: RB transcriptional corepressor 1; SAHA: suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid; TBK1: TANK binding kinase 1; TCID50: 50% tissue culture infectious doses; TNF/TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor; TSA: trichostatin A; UTR: untranslated region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangping Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lijie Tang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Theerawatanasirikul S, Lueangaramkul V, Pantanam A, Mana N, Semkum P, Lekcharoensuk P. Small Molecules Targeting 3C Protease Inhibit FMDV Replication and Exhibit Virucidal Effect in Cell-Based Assays. Viruses 2023; 15:1887. [PMID: 37766293 PMCID: PMC10535379 DOI: 10.3390/v15091887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease in cloven-hoofed animals, caused by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). It is endemic in Asia and Africa but spreads sporadically throughout the world, resulting in significant losses in the livestock industry. Effective anti-FMDV therapeutics could be a supportive control strategy. Herein, we utilized computer-aided, structure-based virtual screening to filter lead compounds from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) diversity and mechanical libraries using FMDV 3C protease (3Cpro) as the target. Seven hit compounds were further examined via cell-based antiviral and intracellular protease assays, in which two compounds (NSC116640 and NSC332670) strongly inhibited FMDV, with EC50 values at the micromolar level of 2.88 µM (SI = 73.15) and 5.92 µM (SI = 11.11), respectively. These compounds could inactivate extracellular virus directly in a virucidal assay by reducing 1.00 to 2.27 log TCID50 of the viral titers in 0-60 min. In addition, the time-of-addition assay revealed that NSC116640 inhibited FMDV at the early stage of infection (0-8 h), while NSC332670 diminished virus titers when added simultaneously at infection (0 h). Both compounds showed good FMDV 3Cpro inhibition with IC50 values of 10.85 µM (NSC116640) and 4.21 µM (NSC332670). The molecular docking of the compounds on FMDV 3Cpro showed their specific interactions with amino acids in the catalytic triad of FMDV 3Cpro. Both preferentially reacted with enzymes and proteases in physicochemical and ADME analysis studies. The results revealed two novel small molecules with antiviral activities against FMDV and probably related picornaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirin Theerawatanasirikul
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Varanya Lueangaramkul
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (V.L.); (A.P.); (N.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Achiraya Pantanam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (V.L.); (A.P.); (N.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Natjira Mana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (V.L.); (A.P.); (N.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Ploypailin Semkum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (V.L.); (A.P.); (N.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Porntippa Lekcharoensuk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (V.L.); (A.P.); (N.M.); (P.S.)
- Center of Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food, KU Institute, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Ren X, Yin M, Zhao Q, Zheng Z, Wang H, Lu Z, Li X, Qian P. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Induces Porcine Gasdermin E-Mediated Pyroptosis through the Protease Activity of 3C pro. J Virol 2023; 97:e0068623. [PMID: 37367489 PMCID: PMC10373541 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00686-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals caused by FMD virus (FMDV). Currently, the molecular pathogenesis of FMDV infection remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that FMDV infection induced gasdermin E (GSDME)-mediated pyroptosis independent of caspase-3 activity. Further studies showed that FMDV 3Cpro cleaved porcine GSDME (pGSDME) at the Q271-G272 junction adjacent to the cleavage site (D268-A269) of porcine caspase-3 (pCASP3). The inhibition of enzyme activity of 3Cpro failed to cleave pGSDME and induce pyroptosis. Furthermore, overexpression of pCASP3 or 3Cpro-mediated cleavage fragment pGSDME-NT was sufficient to induce pyroptosis. Moreover, the knockdown of GSDME attenuated the pyroptosis caused by FMDV infection. Our study reveals a novel mechanism of pyroptosis induced by FMDV infection and might provide new insights into the pathogenesis of FMDV and the design of antiviral drugs. IMPORTANCE Although FMDV is an important virulent infectious disease virus, few reports have addressed its relationship with pyroptosis or pyroptosis factors, and most studies focus on the immune escape mechanism of FMDV. GSDME (DFNA5) was initially identified as being associated with deafness disorders. Accumulating evidence indicates that GSDME is a key executioner for pyroptosis. Here, we first demonstrate that pGSDME is a novel cleavage substrate of FMDV 3Cpro and can induce pyroptosis. Thus, this study reveals a previously unrecognized novel mechanism of pyroptosis induced by FMDV infection and might provide new insights into the design of anti-FMDV therapies and the mechanisms of pyroptosis induced by other picornavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujiao Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengge Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zengjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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Weerawardhana A, Uddin MB, Choi JH, Pathinayake P, Shin SH, Chathuranga K, Park JH, Lee JS. Foot-and-mouth disease virus non-structural protein 2B downregulates the RLR signaling pathway via degradation of RIG-I and MDA5. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1020262. [PMID: 36248821 PMCID: PMC9556895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus containing at least 13 proteins. Many of these proteins show immune modulation capabilities. As a non-structural protein of the FMDV, 2B is involved in the rearrangement of the host cell membranes and the disruption of the host secretory pathway as a viroporin. Previous studies have also shown that FMDV 2B plays a role in the modulation of host type-I interferon (IFN) responses through the inhibition of expression of RIG-I and MDA5, key cytosolic sensors of the type-I IFN signaling. However, the exact molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that FMDV 2B modulates host IFN signal pathway by the degradation of RIG-I and MDA5. FMDV 2B targeted the RIG-I for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation by recruiting E3 ubiquitin ligase ring finger protein 125 (RNF125) and also targeted MDA5 for apoptosis-induced caspase-3- and caspase-8-dependent degradation. Ultimately, FMDV 2B significantly inhibited RNA virus-induced IFN-β production. Importantly, we identified that the C-terminal amino acids 126-154 of FMDV 2B are essential for 2B-mediated degradation of the RIG-I and MDA5. Collectively, these results provide a clearer understanding of the specific molecular mechanisms used by FMDV 2B to inhibit the IFN responses and a rational approach to virus attenuation for future vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asela Weerawardhana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Md Bashir Uddin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Joo-Hyung Choi
- Foot and Mouth Disease Division, Animal Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, South Korea
- Wildlife Disease Response Team, National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention (NIWDC), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Prabuddha Pathinayake
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Sung Ho Shin
- Foot and Mouth Disease Division, Animal Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Foot and Mouth Disease Division, Animal Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jong-Hyeon Park, ; Jong-Soo Lee,
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jong-Hyeon Park, ; Jong-Soo Lee,
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Ekanayaka P, Weerawardhana A, Chathuranga K, Park JH, Lee JS. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus 3C pro Cleaves BP180 to Induce Blister Formation. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092060. [PMID: 36146866 PMCID: PMC9503423 DOI: 10.3390/v14092060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is mainly characterized by blister formation (vesicles) in animals infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). However, the molecular basis of the blister formation in FMD is still unknown. BP180 is one of the main anchoring proteins connecting the dermal and epidermal layers of the skin. Previous studies have shown that the cleavage of BP180 by proteases produced by the inflammatory cells and the resulting skin loosening are major causes of the blister formation in bullous pemphigoid (BP) disease. Similar to BP, here we have demonstrated that, among the FMDV-encoded proteases, only FMDV 3Cpro contributes to the cleavage of BP180 at multiple sites, consequently inducing the degradation of BP180, leading to skin loosening. Additionally, we confirmed that FMDV 3Cpro interacts directly with BP180 and the FMDV 3Cpro C142T mutant, known to have reduced protease activity, is less effective for BP180 degradation than wild-type FMDV 3Cpro. In conclusion, for the first time, our results demonstrate the function of FMDV 3Cpro on the connective-tissue protein BP180 associated with blister formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathum Ekanayaka
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Asela Weerawardhana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si 39660, Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-(42)-821-6753; Fax: +82-(42)-825-7910
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