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Wippel K. Plant and microbial features governing an endophytic lifestyle. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 76:102483. [PMID: 37939457 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial microorganisms colonizing internal plant tissues, the endophytes, support their host through plant growth promotion, pathogen protection, and abiotic stress alleviation. Their efficient application in agriculture requires the understanding of the molecular mechanisms and environmental conditions that facilitate in planta accommodation. Accumulating evidence reveals that commensal microorganisms employ similar colonization strategies as their pathogenic counterparts. Fine-tuning of immune response, motility, and metabolic crosstalk accounts for their differentiation. For a holistic perspective, in planta experiments with microbial collections and comprehensive genome data exploration are crucial. This review describes the most recent findings on factors involved in endophytic colonization processes, focusing on bacteria and fungi, and discusses required methodological approaches to unravel their relevance within a community context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Wippel
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Guo J, Deng X, Zhang Y, Song S, Zhao T, Zhu D, Cao S, Baryshnikov PI, Cao G, Blair HT, Chen C, Gu X, Liu L, Zhang H. The Flagellar Transcriptional Regulator FtcR Controls Brucella melitensis 16M Biofilm Formation via a betI-Mediated Pathway in Response to Hyperosmotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179905. [PMID: 36077302 PMCID: PMC9456535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of flagellar proteins in Brucella species likely evolved through genetic transference from other microorganisms, and contributed to virulence, adaptability, and biofilm formation. Despite significant progress in defining the molecular mechanisms behind flagellar gene expression, the genetic program controlling biofilm formation remains unclear. The flagellar transcriptional factor (FtcR) is a master regulator of the flagellar system’s expression, and is critical for B. melitensis 16M’s flagellar biogenesis and virulence. Here, we demonstrate that FtcR mediates biofilm formation under hyperosmotic stress. Chromatin immunoprecipitation with next-generation sequencing for FtcR and RNA sequencing of ftcR-mutant and wild-type strains revealed a core set of FtcR target genes. We identified a novel FtcR-binding site in the promoter region of the osmotic-stress-response regulator gene betI, which is important for the survival of B. melitensis 16M under hyperosmotic stress. Strikingly, this site autoregulates its expression to benefit biofilm bacteria’s survival under hyperosmotic stress. Moreover, biofilm reduction in ftcR mutants is independent of the flagellar target gene fliF. Collectively, our study provides new insights into the extent and functionality of flagellar-related transcriptional networks in biofilm formation, and presents phenotypic and evolutionary adaptations that alter the regulation of B. melitensis 16M to confer increased tolerance to hyperosmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Xingmei Deng
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Shengnan Song
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Tianyi Zhao
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Dexin Zhu
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Shuzhu Cao
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Peter Ivanovic Baryshnikov
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- College of Veterinary, Altai State Agricultural University, 656000 Barnaul, Russia
| | - Gang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Hugh T. Blair
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- International Sheep Research Center, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Xinli Gu
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Liangbo Liu
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-0993-2057971 (L.L. & H.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-0993-2057971 (L.L. & H.Z.)
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