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Peña-Mosca F, Dean C, Fernandes L, Doster E, Sharpe K, Ray T, Feijoo V, Antunes A, Baumann C, Wehri T, Heins B, Pinedo P, Machado V, Noyes N, Caixeta L. Associations between early lactation intramammary infections and udder health and performance during the first 180 days in milk in first-lactation organic dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2426-2443. [PMID: 37923212 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Prior data from our group showed that first-lactation cows under organic management in United States have a high prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., and Staphylococcus chromogenes intramammary infections (IMI) in early lactation. Nonetheless, the relationship between IMI, udder health, and milk production in organically reared primiparous cows remains elusive. The objectives of this observational study were to investigate the relationship between presence and persistence of IMI in the first 35 d in milk (DIM) and somatic cell count (SCC) and milk production during the first 6 mo of lactation on first-lactation organic dairy cows. The analysis included a total of 1,348 composite milk samples collected during the first 35 DIM that were submitted for milk culture and 1,674 Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) tests during the first 180 DIM from 333 heifers in 4 organic dairy farms, enrolled between February 2019 and January 2020. The association between IMI in the first 35 DIM and new high SCC (SCC > 200,000 cells/mL) and milk production during the first 6 mo of lactation was investigated using Cox proportional hazards regression and mixed linear regression, respectively. The association between IMI persistence (harboring the same microorganism as reported by the laboratory for 2 or more samples) in the first 35 DIM and number of DHIA tests with high SCC during the first 6 mo of lactation was modeled using negative binomial regression. The presence of IMI by Staph. aureus (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval {CI}]: 3.35 [2.64, 4.25]) or Streptococcus spp. (HR [95% CI]: 2.25 [2.12, 2.39]) during the first 35 DIM was associated with an increased risk of new high SCC during the first 6 mo of lactation. Milk production was reduced when Streptococcus spp. were identified in milk samples. However, there was no evidence of a difference in milk production in Staph. aureus IMI. Isolation of non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci was related to a mild increase in the hazards of high SCC (HR [95% CI]: 1.34 [0.97, 1.85]) and a decrease in milk production during one or more postpartum tests. Presence of gram-negative or Streptococcus-like organisms IMI was not associated with either high SCC or milk production. Presence of Bacillus IMI was associated with a lower hazard of new high SCC (HR [95% CI]: 0.45 [0.30, 0.68]), and higher milk production during the first 180 d of lactation (overall estimate [95% CI]: 1.7 kg/d [0.3, 3.0]). The persistence of IMI in the first 35 DIM was associated with the number of tests with high SCC during the lactation for all microorganisms except for Staphylococcus chromogenes. Therefore, our results suggest that the persistence of IMI in the first 35 DIM could be an important factor to understand the association between IMI detected in early lactation and lactational SCC and milk production in organic dairy heifers. Our study described associations between IMI, udder health, and milk production in first-lactation organic dairy cows that are consistent with findings from conventional dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Peña-Mosca
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Chris Dean
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Leticia Fernandes
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Enrique Doster
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108; Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521
| | - Kirsten Sharpe
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Tui Ray
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Victoria Feijoo
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Acir Antunes
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Carol Baumann
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Thomas Wehri
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Bradley Heins
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Pablo Pinedo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521
| | - Vinicius Machado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Noelle Noyes
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Luciano Caixeta
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108.
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Touza-Otero L, Landin M, Diaz-Rodriguez P. Fighting antibiotic resistance in the local management of bovine mastitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115967. [PMID: 38043445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a widespread infectious disease with a significant economic burden, accounting for 80 % of the antibiotic usage in dairy animals. In recent years, extensive research has focused on using biomimetic approaches such as probiotics, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, or phytochemicals as potential alternatives to antibiotics. The local administration of therapeutic molecules through the intramammary route is one of the most commonly strategies to manage bovine mastitis. This review highlights the most important findings in this field and discusses their local application in mastitis therapy. In contrast to antibiotics, the proposed alternatives are not limited to promote bacterial death but consider other factors associated to the host microenvironments. To this end, the proposed biomimetic strategies can modulate different stages of infection by modifying the local microbiota, preventing oxidative stress, reducing bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells, modulating the immune response, or mediating the inflammatory process. Numerous in vitro studies support the antimicrobial, antibiofilm or antioxidant properties of these alternatives. However, in vivo studies incorporating these components within pharmaceutical formulations with potential clinical application are limited. The development of secure, stable, and effective drug delivery systems based on the proposed options is necessary to achieve real alternatives to antibiotics in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Touza-Otero
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Grupo I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), IDIS Research Institute, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Materiais da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (iMATUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mariana Landin
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Grupo I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), IDIS Research Institute, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Materiais da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (iMATUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Patricia Diaz-Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Grupo I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), IDIS Research Institute, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Materiais da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (iMATUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Isaac P, Bohl LP, Romero CM, Rodríguez Berdini L, Breser ML, De Lillo MF, Orellano MS, Calvinho LF, Porporatto C. Teat-apex colonizer Bacillus from healthy cows antagonizes mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Res Vet Sci 2023; 163:104968. [PMID: 37573647 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.104968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent causal agent of bovine mastitis, which is largely responsible for milk production losses worldwide. The pathogen's ability to form stable biofilms facilitates intramammary colonization and may explain disease persistence. This virulence factor is also highly influential in the development of chronic intramammary infections refractory to antimicrobial therapy, which is why novel therapies that can tackle multiple targets are necessary. Since udder microbiota have important implications in mastitis pathogenesis, they offer opportunities to develop alternative prophylactic and therapeutic strategies. Here, we observed that a Bacillus strain from the teat apex of lactating cows was associated to reduce colonization by S. aureus. The strain, identified as Bacillus sp. H21, was able to antagonize in-formation or mature S. aureus biofilms associated to intramammary infections without affecting cell viability. When exploring the metabolite responsible for this activity, we found that a widespread class of Bacillus exopolysaccharide, levan, eliminated the pathogenic biofilm under evaluated conditions. Moreover, levan had no cytotoxic effects on bovine cellular lines at the biologically active concentration range, which demonstrates its potential for pathogen control. Our results indicate that commensal Bacillus may counteract S. aureus-induced mastitis, and could therefore be used in novel biotechnological strategies to prevent and/or treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Isaac
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB), CONICET-UNVM, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas de la Universidad Nacional de Villa María (IAPCByA-UNVM), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Luciana Paola Bohl
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB), CONICET-UNVM, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas de la Universidad Nacional de Villa María (IAPCByA-UNVM), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cintia Mariana Romero
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Lucía Rodríguez Berdini
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB), CONICET-UNVM, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Laura Breser
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB), CONICET-UNVM, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas de la Universidad Nacional de Villa María (IAPCByA-UNVM), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Florencia De Lillo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB), CONICET-UNVM, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Orellano
- Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV-EHU), Donostia, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain; POLYMAT, Donostia, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Luis Fernando Calvinho
- Departamento de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carina Porporatto
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB), CONICET-UNVM, Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas de la Universidad Nacional de Villa María (IAPCByA-UNVM), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Byun H, Brockett MR, Pu Q, Hrycko AJ, Beld J, Zhu J. An Intestinal Bacillus velezensis Isolate Displays Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity and Prevents Infection of Both Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Pathogens In Vivo. J Bacteriol 2023; 205:e0013323. [PMID: 37195186 PMCID: PMC10294632 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00133-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria has significantly diminished the effectiveness of antibiotics in clinical settings, leading to the emergence of untreatable bacterial infections. To address this public health challenge, the gut microbiome represents a promising source of novel antimicrobial therapeutics. In this study, we screened mouse intestinal isolates for growth inhibitory activity against the human enteric pathogen Vibrio cholerae and identified a strain of spore-forming Bacillus velezensis, named BVM7, that produced a potent antibiotic with activity against V. cholerae and a broad spectrum of enteric and opportunistic pathogens. Characterization of the antimicrobial compounds produced by BVM7 revealed that they were primarily secreted antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced during stationary-phase growth. Furthermore, our results showed that introducing either BVM7 vegetative cells or spores into mice precolonized with V. cholerae or Enterococcus faecalis significantly reduced the burden of infection. Interestingly, we also observed that BVM7 was sensitive to a group of Lactobacillus probiotic strains and that inoculation of Lactobacilli could eliminate BVM7 and potentially restore the native gut microbiome. These findings highlight the potential of bacteria from the gut microbiome as a source for novel antimicrobial compounds and a tool for managing bacterial infections by in situ bio-delivery of multiple AMPs. IMPORTANCE The rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens poses a challenge to public health. The gut microbiome presents a promising source of new antimicrobials and treatments. By screening murine gut commensals, we found a spore-forming Bacillus velezensis strain, BVM7, that exhibited antimicrobial activity toward a wide array of enteric and opportunistic bacterial pathogens. In addition to showing that this killing effect occurred through the action of secreted antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), we demonstrate that BVM7 vegetative cells and spores can be used to treat infections of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens in vivo. By expanding our knowledge of the antimicrobial properties of bacteria in the gut microbiome, we hope to contribute insights for developing novel drugs and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuntae Byun
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary R. Brockett
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qinqin Pu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew J. Hrycko
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joris Beld
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Neidhöfer C, Rathore K, Parčina M, Sieber MA. ESKAPEE Pathogen Biofilm Control on Surfaces with Probiotic Lactobacillaceae and Bacillus species. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050871. [PMID: 37237774 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Combatting the rapidly growing threat of antimicrobial resistance and reducing prevalence and transmission of ESKAPEE pathogens in healthcare settings requires innovative strategies, one of which is displacing these pathogens using beneficial microorganisms. Our review comprehensively examines the evidence of probiotic bacteria displacing ESKAPEE pathogens, with a focus on inanimate surfaces. A systematic search was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases on 21 December 2021, and 143 studies were identified examining the effects of Lactobacillaceae and Bacillus spp. cells and products on the growth, colonization, and survival of ESKAPEE pathogens. While the diversity of study methods limits evidence analysis, results presented by narrative synthesis demonstrate that several species have the potential as cells or their products or supernatants to displace nosocomial infection-causing organisms in a variety of in vitro and in vivo settings. Our review aims to aid the development of new promising approaches to control pathogen biofilms in medical settings by informing researchers and policymakers about the potential of probiotics to combat nosocomial infections. More targeted studies are needed to assess safety and efficacy of different probiotic formulations, followed by large-scale studies to assess utility in infection control and medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Neidhöfer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kamni Rathore
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Functional Gene Analytics, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Marijo Parčina
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin A Sieber
- Institute for Functional Gene Analytics, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
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He C, Yue Y, Li R, Huang Y, Shu L, Lv H, Wang J, Zhang Z. Sodium hyaluronates applied in the face affects the diversity of skin microbiota in healthy people. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023. [PMID: 36710533 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A healthy and stable microbiome has many beneficial effects on the host, while an unbalanced or disordered microbiome can lead to various skin diseases. Hyaluronic acid is widely used in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries; however, specific reports on its effect on the skin microflora of healthy people have not been published. This study aimed to determine the effect of sodium hyaluronate on the facial microflora of healthy individuals. METHODS Face of 20 healthy female volunteers between 18 and 24 years was smeared with sodium hyaluronate solution once per day. Cotton swabs were used to retrieve samples on days 0, 14, and 28, and high-throughput sequencing of 16 S rRNA was used to determine the changes in bacterial community composition. RESULTS Facial application of HA can reduce the abundance of pathogenic bacteria, such as Cutibacterium and S. aureus, and increase the colonization of beneficial bacteria. CONCLUSION This is the first intuitive report to demonstrate the effect of hyaluronic acid on facial microflora in healthy people. Accordingly, sodium hyaluronate was found to have a positive effect on facial skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen He
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - YingXue Yue
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruilong Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Luan Shu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huixia Lv
- Special Cosmetics R&D Joint laboratory of China Pharmaceutical University & Bloomage Biotechnology Corporation Limited, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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