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Zeng Q, Yang Y, Liu Y, Li Z, Li P, Zhou Z. Fish IL-26 collaborates with IL-10R2 and IL-20R1 to enhance gut mucosal barrier during the antibacterial innate immunity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 161:105249. [PMID: 39154973 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
IL-26 is a cytokine that is crucial for the maintenance and function of the gut mucosal barrier. IL-26 signaling pathway relies on a heterodimeric receptor complex, which is composed of two distinct subunits, IL-10R2 and IL-20R1. However, there are no reports on the antibacterial immunity of IL-26 and its receptors in fish. For this purpose, in this study we identified IL-26 and its receptors IL-10R2 and IL-20R1 in Carassius cuvieri × Carassius auratus red var. (named WR-IL-26, WR-IL10R2 and WR-IL20R1, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the conservation of these genes, with shared structural motifs similar to those found in higher vertebrates. Upon exposure to Aeromonas hydrophila, a common fish pathogen, there was a significant upregulation of WR-IL-26, WR-IL10R2 and WR-IL20R1 in the gut, indicating a potential role in the immune response to infection. A co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that WR-IL-26 formed complexes with WR-IL10R2 and WR-IL20R1. In vivo experiments demonstrated that administration of WR-IL-26 activated the JAK1-STAT3 signaling pathway and protected the gut mucosa barrier from A. hydrophila infection. Conversely, silencing WR-IL10R2 and WR-IL20R1 via RNA interference significantly attenuated the activation of WR-IL-26-mediated JAK1-STAT3 pathway. These results provided new insights into the role of IL-26 and its receptors in the gut mucosa barrier and could offer novel therapeutic strategies for managing bacterial infections in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yujun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Pingyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Zejun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China.
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Weaver DF. Endogenous Antimicrobial-Immunomodulatory Molecules: Networking Biomolecules of Innate Immunity. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400089. [PMID: 38658319 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Endogenous antimicrobial-immunomodulatory molecules (EAIMs) are essential to immune-mediated human health and evolution. Conventionally, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been regarded as the dominant endogenous antimicrobial molecule; however, AMPs are not sufficient to account for the full spectrum of antimicrobial-immunomodulatory duality occurring within the human body. The threat posed by pathogenic microbes is pervasive with the capacity for widespread impact across many organ systems and multiple biochemical pathways; accordingly, the host needs the capacity to react with an equally diverse response. This can be attained by having EAIMs that traverse the full range of molecular size (small to large molecules) and structural diversity (including molecules other than peptides). This review identifies multiple molecules (peptide/protein, lipid, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, small organic molecule, and metallic cation) as EAIMs and discusses the possibility of cooperative, additive effects amongst the various EAIM classes during the host response to a microbial assault. This comprehensive consideration of the full molecular diversity of EAIMs enables the conclusion that EAIMs constitute a previously uncatalogued structurally diverse and collectively underappreciated immuno-active group of integrated molecular responders within the innate immune system's first line of defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald F Weaver
- Departments of Chemistry and Medicine, University of Toronto, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5Y 0S8, Canada
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Gilliet M, Modlin RL. Immunobiology of IL-26. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1217-1222. [PMID: 38206272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells produce a set of cytokines that include IL-17 family members, IL-21, IL-22, and IL-26. These cytokines all contribute to the classic function of Th17 cells in combatting extracellular infection and promoting inflammation in autoimmune diseases. However, of the Th17 cytokines, only IL-26 has direct antimicrobial activity against microbes and can activate a broad range of immune cells through its ability to bind DNA and trigger pattern recognition receptors. It is noteworthy that IL-26 is produced by mammalian cells, including human Th17 cells, but is absent in rodents. As such, IL-26 is a potential therapeutic target to augment host immune responses against microbial pathogens but also to prevent inflammation and tissue damage in a variety of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Gilliet
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV University Hospital and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Simpson EL, Schlievert PM, Yoshida T, Lussier S, Boguniewicz M, Hata T, Fuxench Z, De Benedetto A, Ong PY, Ko J, Calatroni A, Rudman Spergel AK, Plaut M, Quataert SA, Kilgore SH, Peterson L, Gill AL, David G, Mosmann T, Gill SR, Leung DYM, Beck LA. Rapid reduction in Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis subjects following dupilumab treatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1179-1195. [PMID: 37315812 PMCID: PMC10716365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory disorder characterized by dominant type 2 inflammation leading to chronic pruritic skin lesions, allergic comorbidities, and Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization and infections. S aureus is thought to play a role in AD severity. OBJECTIVES This study characterized the changes in the host-microbial interface in subjects with AD following type 2 blockade with dupilumab. METHODS Participants (n = 71) with moderate-severe AD were enrolled in a randomized (dupilumab vs placebo; 2:1), double-blind study at Atopic Dermatitis Research Network centers. Bioassays were performed at multiple time points: S aureus and virulence factor quantification, 16s ribosomal RNA microbiome, serum biomarkers, skin transcriptomic analyses, and peripheral blood T-cell phenotyping. RESULTS At baseline, 100% of participants were S aureus colonized on the skin surface. Dupilumab treatment resulted in significant reductions in S aureus after only 3 days (compared to placebo), which was 11 days before clinical improvement. Participants with the greatest S aureus reductions had the best clinical outcomes, and these reductions correlated with reductions in serum CCL17 and disease severity. Reductions (10-fold) in S aureus cytotoxins (day 7), perturbations in TH17-cell subsets (day 14), and increased expression of genes relevant for IL-17, neutrophil, and complement pathways (day 7) were also observed. CONCLUSIONS Blockade of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling, very rapidly (day 3) reduces S aureus abundance in subjects with AD, and this reduction correlates with reductions in the type 2 biomarker, CCL17, and measures of AD severity (excluding itch). Immunoprofiling and/or transcriptomics suggest a role for TH17 cells, neutrophils, and complement activation as potential mechanisms to explain these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore
| | | | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | | | - Mark Boguniewicz
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colo
| | - Tissa Hata
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, Calif
| | - Zelma Fuxench
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Anna De Benedetto
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Peck Y Ong
- Department of Pediatrics, University Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Justin Ko
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | | | - Amanda K Rudman Spergel
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Marshall Plaut
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Sally A Quataert
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Samuel H Kilgore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Liam Peterson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Ann L Gill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | | | - Tim Mosmann
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Steven R Gill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Donald Y M Leung
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colo.
| | - Lisa A Beck
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY.
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Paulsson M, Cardenas EI, Che KF, Brundin B, Smith M, Qvarfordt I, Lindén A. TLR4-mediated release of heparin-binding protein in human airways: a co-stimulatory role for IL-26. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1178135. [PMID: 37234157 PMCID: PMC10206387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial infection causes accumulation of neutrophils that release antimicrobial proteins including heparin-binding protein (HBP). In human airways, this neutrophil accumulation can be re-capitulated via intrabronchial exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist, that also causes a local increase in the neutrophil-mobilizing cytokine IL-26. Although LPS is considered a weak stimulus for HBP release ex vivo, its effect on HBP release in human airways in vivo has not been characterized. Methods We determined whether intrabronchial exposure to LPS causes concomitant release of HBP and IL-26 in human airways, and whether IL-26 can enhance LPS-induced release of HBP in isolated human neutrophils. Results We found that the concentration of HBP was markedly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid 12, 24, and 48 hours after LPS exposure, and that it displayed a strong and positive correlation with that of IL-26. Moreover, the concentration of HBP in conditioned media from isolated neutrophils was enhanced only after co-stimulation with LPS and IL-26. Conclusions Taken together, our findings indicate that TLR4 stimulation causes concomitant release of HBP and IL-26 in human airways, and that IL-26 may constitute a required co-stimulant for HBP release in neutrophils, thus enabling the concerted action of HBP and IL-26 in local host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Paulsson
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eduardo I. Cardenas
- Division of Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karlhans F. Che
- Division of Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bettina Brundin
- Division of Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margaretha Smith
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Qvarfordt
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindén
- Division of Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Severe COPD Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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Büter A, Maschkowitz G, Baum M, Mishra YK, Siebert L, Adelung R, Fickenscher H. Antibacterial Activity of Nanostructured Zinc Oxide Tetrapods. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043444. [PMID: 36834854 PMCID: PMC9964984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) tetrapods as microparticles with nanostructured surfaces show peculiar physical properties and anti-infective activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and bactericidal properties of ZnO tetrapods in comparison to spherical, unstructured ZnO particles. Additionally, killing rates of either methylene blue-treated or untreated tetrapods and spherical ZnO particles for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria species were determined. ZnO tetrapods showed considerable bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including multi-resistant strains, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis remained unaffected. Almost complete elimination was reached after 24 h for Staphylococcus aureus at 0.5 mg/mL and Klebsiella pneumoniae at 0.25 mg/mL. Surface modifications of spherical ZnO particles by treatment with methylene blue even improved the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Nanostructured surfaces of ZnO particles provide active and modifiable interfaces for the contact with and killing of bacteria. The application of solid state chemistry, i.e., the direct matter-to-matter interaction between active agent and bacterium, in the form of ZnO tetrapods and non-soluble ZnO particles, can add an additional principle to the spectrum of antibacterial mechanisms, which is, in contrast to soluble antibiotics, depending on the direct local contact with the microorganisms on tissue or material surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aike Büter
- Institute for Infection Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Gregor Maschkowitz
- Institute for Infection Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Martina Baum
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute of Material Science, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Smart Materials, NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, 6400 Sønderburg, Denmark
| | - Leonard Siebert
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute of Material Science, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, 24143 Kiel, Germany
- Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science (KiNSIS), Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Functional Nanomaterials, Institute of Material Science, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, 24143 Kiel, Germany
- Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science (KiNSIS), Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Helmut Fickenscher
- Institute for Infection Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-431-500-15300
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