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Park SY, Kim YH, Kim SJ, Han JH. Impact of Long-Term Supplementation with Probiotics on Gut Microbiota and Growth Performance in Post-Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1652. [PMID: 38891699 PMCID: PMC11171352 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate effects of long-term probiotic supplementation on gut microbiota and growth performance in health weaned piglets. The non-probiotic group (N-PrB) was fed only a basal diet, while the probiotic group (PrB) was fed a basal diet + probiotic combination (E. faecium 1.6 × 108 CFU/g, B. subtilis 2.0 × 108 CFU/g, S. cerevisiae 3.0 × 108 CFU/g). The probiotics combination was provided to the PrB, mixing with the basal diet in 5 kg/ton. As a result, the PrB exhibited significantly improved weight gain compared to the N-PrB (p = 0.00991). In the gut microbiome analysis, the PrB exhibited a significant increasing tendency of α-diversity compared to those of the N-PrB (p < 0.01). In the bacterial relative abundance changes in bacteria comprising the gut microbiota, Ruminococcaceae (p = 0.00281) and Prevotella (p = 0.00687) tended to significantly increase in the PrB, but decreased in the N-PrB. The Eubaterium coprostanoligenes group exhibited an increasing tendency in both groups, but tended to increase more significantly in the PrB compared to the N-PrB (p = 0.00681). Muribaculaceae tended to significantly increase in the N-PrB, but decreased in the PrB (p = 0.002779). In this study, significant differences on the gut microbiome were found according to the probiotics supplementation in the weaned piglets and these gut microbiome changes appeared to improve the growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yo-Han Kim
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Jae Kim
- Department of Companion Animal Health, Kyungbok University, Namyangju 12051, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hee Han
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
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Wang X, Li D, Xu Y, Ding X, Liang S, Xie L, Wang Y, Zhan X. Xylanase Supplement Enhances the Growth Performance of Broiler by Modulating Serum Metabolism, Intestinal Health, Short-Chain Fatty Acid Composition, and Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1182. [PMID: 38672330 PMCID: PMC11047501 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of xylanase supplementation in a wheat-based diet on growth performance, short-chain fatty acids, intestinal health, microbial composition, and serum metabolism. A total of 1200 male chicks were randomly assigned to four wheat-based diet treatments: Group C (adding 0 mg/kg of xylanase), Group L (adding 50 mg/kg of xylanase), Group M (adding 100 mg/kg of xylanase), and Group H (adding 150 mg/kg of xylanase). The experiment lasted for 56 days. The results indicated that Group H broilers experienced a decreased feed-to-gain ratio throughout the study period. Additionally, dietary supplementation with xylanase led to an increase in the physical barrier, as indicated by increased VH and VH/CD in the gut (p < 0.05). Furthermore, levels of D-lactic acid and endotoxin were reduced. Xylanase supplementation also increased the abundance of Muc-2, ZO-1, and Occludin (p < 0.05). Moreover, xylanase supplementation enhanced the activity of sucrase and maltase in the duodenum (p < 0.05), which may be attributable to the upregulation of the abundance of SI and MGA (p < 0.05). Furthermore, xylanase addition promoted propionic acid produced by specific bacteria, such as Phascolarctobacterium, and influenced the microbial composition to some extent, promoting intestinal health. Additionally, 150 mg/kg of xylanase supplementation increased the amino acid, peptide, and carbohydrate content and upregulated the metabolism of amino acids related to histidine, cysteine, methionine, and other pathways (p < 0.05). These findings suggest adequate xylanase supplementation can enhance nutritional digestibility and absorption, improve growth performance, stimulate endogenous enzyme activity, optimize intestinal morphology and barrier function, and positively influence acid-producing bacteria and amino acid metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
| | - Danlei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (D.L.); (Y.X.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Yibin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (D.L.); (Y.X.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Xiaoqing Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (D.L.); (Y.X.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Shuang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (D.L.); (Y.X.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Lingyu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (D.L.); (Y.X.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Yongxia Wang
- Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Xiuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (D.L.); (Y.X.); (X.D.); (S.L.); (L.X.)
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Ma H, Li Y, Han P, Zhang R, Yuan J, Sun Y, Li J, Chen J. Effects of Supplementing Drinking Water of Parental Pigeons with Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus subtilis on Antibody Levels and Microbiomes in Squabs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:178. [PMID: 38254347 PMCID: PMC10812638 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) are widely used as probiotics to improve performance in animal production, but there have been few reports of their impacts on pigeon milk. In this study, twenty-four pairs of parental pigeons were randomly divided into four groups, with six replicates, and each pair feeding three squabs. The control group drank normal water. The E. faecium group, B. subtilis group, and mixed group drank water supplemented with 3 × 106 CFU/mL E. faecium, 2 × 107 CFU/mL B. subtilis, and a mixture of these two probiotics, respectively. The experiment lasted 19 days. The results demonstrated that the IgA and IgG levels were significantly higher in the milk of Group D pigeons than in the other groups. At the phylum level, Fimicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the three main phyla identified. At the genus level, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Veillonella, and Enterococcus were the four main genera identified. In conclusion, drinking water supplemented with E. faecium and B. subtilis could improve immunoglobulin levels in pigeon milk, and this could increase the ability of squabs to resist disease. E. faecium and B. subtilis could be used as probiotics in the pigeon industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.M.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yunlei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.M.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Pengmin Han
- Ningxia Xiaoming Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Limited Company, Yinchuan 750000, China;
| | - Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.M.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jingwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.M.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yanyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.M.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jianhui Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China
| | - Jilan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.M.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.S.)
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Li J, Cui Z, Wei M, Almutairi MH, Yan P. Omics analysis of the effect of cold normal saline stress through gastric gavage on LPS induced mice. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1256748. [PMID: 38163070 PMCID: PMC10755949 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1256748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cold stress is a significant environmental stimulus that negatively affects the health, production, and welfare of animals and birds. However, the specific effects of cold stimulation combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the mouse intestine remain poorly understood. Therefore, we designed this research to explore the effect of cold stimulation + LPS on mice intestine via microbiome and microbiota sequencing. Forty-eight mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 12): Control (CC), LPS-induced (CL), cold normal saline-induced (MC) and LPS + cold normal saline-induced (ML). Our results showed body weight was similar among different groups of mice. However, the body weight of mice in groups CC and CL were slightly higher compared to those in groups MC and ML. The results of gene expressions reflected that CL and ML exposure caused gut injury and barrier dysfunction, as evident by decreased ZO-1, OCCLUDIN (P < 0.01), and CASPASE-1 (P < 0.01) expression in the intestine of mice. Moreover, we found that cold stress induced oxidative stress in LPS-challenged mice by increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and decreasing the antioxidant capacity [glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total and antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)]. The cold stress promoted inflammatory response by increased IL-1β in mice treated with cold normal saline + LPS. Whereas, microbiome sequencing revealed differential abundance in four phyla and 24 genera among the mouse groups. Metabolism analysis demonstrated the presence of 4,320 metabolites in mice, with 43 up-regulated and 19 down-regulated in CC vs. MC animals, as well as 1,046 up-regulated and 428 down-regulated in ML vs. CL animals. It is Concluded that cold stress enhances intestinal damage by disrupting the balance of gut microbiota and metabolites, while our findings contribute in improving management practices of livestock in during cold seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihao Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mikhlid H. Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peishi Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang Q, Li J, Wang J, Nie K, Luo Z, Xu S, Lin Y, Feng B, Zhuo Y, Hua L, Che L. Effects of lysophospholipids and multi-enzymes on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, intestinal health, and cecal microflora of male cherry valley ducks. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad361. [PMID: 37870076 PMCID: PMC10629945 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvement of nutrient utilization to promote growth performance is always pursued in poultry. In this study, a total of 360 1-d-old male ducklings was randomly assigned to 3 treatments in terms of diet treatment groups. Three treatments were as follows: basal diet (Con group) or basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg multi-enzymes (ENZ group) or 500 mg/kg lysophospholipids (LPL group). On day 42, ducks were slaughtered for samplings. The results revealed that supplementary LPL improved the body weight (BW) at day 14 and average daily gain (ADG) during days 1 to 14 and improved the feed conversion rate (FCR) for the overall period (P < 0.05) by improving nutrient utilization of dry matter and ether extract (P < 0.05) compared with the Con group. Dietary ENZ improved the FCR from days 15-42 and 1-42, and nitrogen utilization (P < 0.05) compared with the Con group. Jejunal villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio were higher (P < 0.05) in the LPL group and tended to be higher (P < 0.1) in the ENZ group compared to the Con group. Supplementation with either LPL or ENZ reduced interleukin-1β concentration in jejunal mucus (P < 0.05). Both LPL and ENZ enhanced serum total superoxide dismutase activity (P < 0.05), whereas only supplementation with LPL elevated total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05). In terms of cecal microbiota, microbial richness tended to be reduced by LPL, with low observed-OTUs and Chao1 (0.05 < P < 0.1). Supplementation with ENZ led to higher abundances of cellulolytic bacteria such as Fibrobacterota, [Eubacterium]_xylanophilum_group, and Bifidobacterium. Overall, both LPL and ENZ improved FCR, which may be relevant to ameliorative intestinal health, overall antioxidant ability, and cecal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Department of Animal Resources and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kangkang Nie
- Kemin (China) Technologies Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, China
| | - Zheng Luo
- Kemin (China) Technologies Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Sun H, Gu T, Li G, Chen L, Tian Y, Xu W, Zeng T, Lu L. Effects of Compound Probiotics on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical and Immune Indices, Antioxidant Capacity, and Intestinal Tissue Morphology of Shaoxing Duck. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223219. [PMID: 36428446 PMCID: PMC9686755 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound probiotics on growth performance, serum biochemical and immune indices, antioxidant capacity, and the intestinal tissue morphology of Shaoxing ducks. A total of 640 1-day-old healthy Shaoxing ducks of similar body weight were randomly divided into two treatment groups with eight replicates each and forty ducks per replicate. The ducks were fed a basal diet (Ctrl) or a basal diet supplemented with 0.15% compound probiotics (CP) for 125 d. The results revealed that the live body weight (BW; day 85 and 125) and the average daily gain (ADG; 28−85 and 85−125 d) of the CP group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of the Ctrl group. In the CP group, total protein and total cholesterol contents were significantly increased (p < 0.05) on days 28 and 85, while triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein contents were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) on day 85. Furthermore, interferon-γ content was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the CP group on days 28, 85, and 125. Interleukin-2 content was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the CP group on days 28 and 85. Interleukin-4 content was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the CP group on day 85. Moreover, in the CP group, superoxide dismutase content was significantly increased (p < 0.05) on days 28 and 125, and glutathione peroxidase content was significantly increased (p < 0.05) on day 125. The crypt depth (CD) in the duodenum of the CP group was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) on days 28 and 125, whereas the villus height (VH) in the jejunum of the CP group was significantly increased (p < 0.05) on days 85 and 125. The VH/CD ratio in the ileum of the CP group was significantly increased (p < 0.05) on days 28 and 85. The VH in the ileum of the CP group was significantly increased (p < 0.05) on day 28. The CD in the ileum of the CP group was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) on day 28. In summary, the compound probiotics improved the growth performance, increased serum biochemical and immune indices, increased antioxidant capacity, and improved the intestinal tissue morphology of Shaoxing ducks.
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Wang C, Yan X, Bai Y, Sun L, Zhao L, Jin Y, Su L. Lactobacillus improves meat quality in Sunit sheep by affecting mitochondrial biogenesis through the AMPK pathway. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1030485. [PMID: 36386897 PMCID: PMC9650090 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunit sheep are famous for their high meat quality, but the meat quality of them has declined due to the change in feeding methods. Lactobacillus has a variety of probiotic effects and is widely used in animal diets to optimize meat quality. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with different levels of Lactobacillus on meat quality. A total of 24 3-month-old Sunit sheep with an average body weight of 19.03 ± 3.67 kg were randomly divided into control (C), 1% (L1), 2% (L2), and 3% Lactobacillus groups (L3), with 6 sheep in each group. Myofiber characteristics, meat quality, and metabolic enzyme activity were detected. Moreover, the regulatory mechanism of Lactobacillus on meat quality was explored by using Western blotting and real-time Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The results showed that dietary addition of Lactobacillus decreased LDH activity in the Biceps femoris of Sunit sheep (P < 0.05). Compared to the other groups, the 1% Lactobacillus group showed the conversion of myofibers from the glycolytic to the oxidative type, and the increasing b* values (P < 0.05), decreasing shear force and cooking loss of meat (P < 0.05) and the relative gene and protein expression levels of AMPK, PGC-1α, NRF1, TFAM, and COX IV (P < 0.05) in the Biceps femoris were also increased in the 1% Lactobacillus group. Therefore, the addition of Lactobacillus to the diet of Sunit sheep could regulate the AMPK signaling pathway to promote myofiber type conversion, which improves meat quality. This study provided a theoretical and data basis for improving the meat quality of sheep and supplied a novel way of applying Lactobacillus.
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Chen Q, Wang Z, Shao D, Shi S. Effects of heat stress on the intestinal microorganisms in poultry and its nutritional regulations: a review. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2106344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Chen
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, China
- Huanan Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dan Shao
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shourong Shi
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, China
- Center of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry Institute) Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, China
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Pi X, Teng W, Fei D, Zhao G, Liu W. Effects of Live Combined Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium on Gut Microbiota Composition in C57BL/6 Mice and in Humans. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:821662. [PMID: 35223547 PMCID: PMC8866766 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.821662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics can alleviate metabolic syndrome by altering the composition of the gut microbiota. Live combined Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus subtilis has been indicated to promote growth and reduce inflammation in animal models. However, the modulatory effects of live combined B. subtilis R-179 and E. faecium R-026 (LCBE) on human microbiota remain unclear. The current study examined the growth of these two strains in the presence of various oligosaccharides and assessed the effects of this probiotic mixture on human and murine gut microbiota in vitro and in vivo. Oligosaccharides improved the growth of E. faecium R-026 and B. subtilis R-179 as well as increased their production of short-chain fatty acids. E. faecium R-026 or B. subtilis R-179 co-incubated with Bifidobacterium and Clostridium significantly increased the number of the anaerobic bacteria Bifidobacterium longum and Clostridium butyricum by in vitro fermentation. Moreover, LCBE significantly reduced plasma cholesterol levels in mouse models of hyperlipidemia. LCBE combined with galacto-oligosaccharides led to a significant decrease in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and a significant increase in the relative abundance of Akkermansia and Bifidobacteria after treating mice with LCBE (0.23 g/day) for eight weeks. Furthermore, in vitro fermentation also showed that both the single strains and the two-strain mixture modulated human gut microbiota, resulting in increased Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria, and decreased Escherichia-Shigella. Overall, these results suggest that LCBE can improve host health by reducing the level of cholesterol in mouse models by modifying the composition of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xionge Pi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Teng
- Department of infectious Disease Control and Prevention, HangZhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dibo Fei
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of infectious Disease Control and Prevention, HangZhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Liu, ; Gang Zhao,
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Liu, ; Gang Zhao,
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