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Sherwood P, Nordström I, Woodward S, Bohman B, Cleary M. Detecting Pathogenic Phytophthora Species Using Volatile Organic Compounds. Molecules 2024; 29:1749. [PMID: 38675569 PMCID: PMC11052055 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There are several highly damaging Phytophthora species pathogenic to forest trees, many of which have been spread beyond their native range by the international trade of live plants and infested materials. Such introductions can be reduced through the development of better tools capable of the early, rapid, and high-throughput detection of contaminated plants. This study utilized a volatilomics approach (solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) to differentiate between several Phytophthora species in culture and discriminate between healthy and Phytophthora-inoculated European beech and pedunculate oak trees. We tentatively identified 14 compounds that could differentiate eight Phytophthora species from each other in vitro. All of the Phytophthora species examined, except Phytophthora cambivora, uniquely produced at least one compound not observed in the other species; however, most detected compounds were shared between multiple species. Phytophthora polonica had the most unique compounds and was the least similar of all the species examined. The inoculated seedlings had qualitatively different volatile profiles and could be distinguished from the healthy controls by the presence of isokaurene, anisole, and a mix of three unknown compounds. This study supports the notion that volatiles are suitable for screening plant material, detecting tree pathogens, and differentiating between healthy and diseased material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sherwood
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden; (I.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Ida Nordström
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden; (I.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Steve Woodward
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK;
| | - Björn Bohman
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden;
| | - Michelle Cleary
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden; (I.N.); (M.C.)
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Cuervo L, Méndez C, Olano C, Malmierca MG. Volatilome: Smells like microbial spirit. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 127:1-43. [PMID: 38763526 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the study of volatile compounds has sparked interest due to their implications in signaling and the enormous variety of bioactive properties attributed to them. Despite the absence of analysis methods standardization, there are a multitude of tools and databases that allow the identification and quantification of volatile compounds. These compounds are chemically heterogeneous and their diverse properties are exploited by various fields such as cosmetics, the food industry, agriculture and medicine, some of which will be discussed here. In virtue of volatile compounds being ubiquitous and fast chemical messengers, these molecules mediate a large number of interspecific and intraspecific interactions, which are key at an ecological level to maintaining the balance and correct functioning of ecosystems. This review briefly summarized the role of volatile compounds in inter- and intra-specific relationships as well as industrial applications associated with the use of these compounds that is emerging as a promising field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Cuervo
- Functional Biology Department, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; University Institute of Oncology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Health Research Institute of Asturias, Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen Méndez
- Functional Biology Department, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; University Institute of Oncology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Health Research Institute of Asturias, Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos Olano
- Functional Biology Department, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; University Institute of Oncology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Health Research Institute of Asturias, Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mónica G Malmierca
- Functional Biology Department, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; University Institute of Oncology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Health Research Institute of Asturias, Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, Oviedo, Spain.
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Ray R, Singh SS, Yadav SR, Sircar D. A nondestructive asymptomatic early disease prediction method employing ROS-induced differential volatile emissions from dry rot-infected potatoes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108532. [PMID: 38503189 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Potatoes are a staple crop with many health benefits. Postharvest storage of potatoes takes a considerable amount of time. Potato dry rot is one of the most serious postharvest storage diseases, caused primarily by the fungus Fusarium sambucinum. It is possible to minimize losses if disease is detected early, which allows it to be controlled promptly. A phytopathogen infection can alter the volatile profile of plants. Identifying unique volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as biomarkers for early disease detection is an area of considerable research interest. In this study, we compared the VOC profiles of healthy and dry rot inoculated potatoes (cv. "Kufri Pukhraj") over a time course using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). There were 29 differentially emitting VOCs between healthy and dry rot inoculated potatoes. Nevertheless, only four of these compounds (linalool tetrahydride, γ-muurolene, alloaromadendrene, and α-isomethyl ionone) were exclusively found in dry rot inoculated potatoes, and hence they were considered biomarkers. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were altered in potatoes that were inoculated with dry rot, suggesting a role for ROS signaling in differential VOC emissions. In the early stages of dry rot infection, when symptoms were barely visible, these four biomarker VOCs were robustly useful in distinguishing healthy and dry rot-infected potatoes. These novel biomarkers associated with this disease are promising candidates for non-destructive detection of dry rot in stored potatoes at an early asymptomatic stage. These biomarkers can be used to develop an e-nose sensor to predict dry rot in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rittika Ray
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Shiv Shakti Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Shri Ram Yadav
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Debabrata Sircar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India.
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Wesoly M, Daulton E, Jenkins S, van Amsterdam S, Clarkson J, Covington JA. Early Detection of Fusarium Basal Rot Infection in Onions and Shallots Based on VOC Profiles Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3664-3672. [PMID: 38320984 PMCID: PMC10885136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Gas chromatography ion-mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) technology is drawing increasing attention due to its high sensitivity, low drift, and capability for the identification of compounds. The noninvasive detection of plant pests and pathogens is an application area well suited to this technology. In this work, we employed GC-IMS technology for early detection of Fusarium basal rot in brown onion, red onion, and shallot bulbs and for tracking disease progression during storage. The volatile profiles of the infected and healthy control bulbs were characterized using GC-IMS and gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). GC-IMS data combined with principal component analysis and supervised methods provided discrimination between infected and healthy control bulbs as early as 1 day after incubation with the pathogen, classification regarding the proportion of infected to healthy bulbs in a sample, and prediction of the infection's duration with an average R2 = 0.92. Furthermore, GC-TOF-MS revealed several compounds, mostly sulfides and disulfides, that could be uniquely related to Fusarium basal rot infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Wesoly
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland
| | - Emma Daulton
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry Cv4 7AL, U.K
| | - Sascha Jenkins
- Warwick Crop Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne CV35 9EF, U.K
| | | | - John Clarkson
- Warwick Crop Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne CV35 9EF, U.K
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Labanska M, van Amsterdam S, Jenkins S, Clarkson JP, Covington JA. Preliminary Studies on Detection of Fusarium Basal Rot Infection in Onions and Shallots Using Electronic Nose. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22145453. [PMID: 35891126 PMCID: PMC9315870 DOI: 10.3390/s22145453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of crop health status and early disease detection are critical for implementing a fast response to a pathogen attack, managing crop infection, and minimizing the risk of disease spreading. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, which causes fusarium basal rot disease, is considered one of the most harmful pathogens of onion and accounts for considerable crop losses annually. In this work, the capability of the PEN 3 electronic nose system to detect onion and shallot bulbs infected with F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae, to track the progression of fungal infection, and to discriminate between the varying proportions of infected onion bulbs was evaluated. To the best of our knowledge, this is a first report on successful application of an electronic nose to detect fungal infections in post-harvest onion and shallot bulbs. Sensor array responses combined with PCA provided a clear discrimination between non-infected and infected onion and shallot bulbs as well as differentiation between samples with varying proportions of infected bulbs. Classification models based on LDA, SVM, and k-NN algorithms successfully differentiate among various rates of infected bulbs in the samples with accuracy up to 96.9%. Therefore, the electronic nose was proved to be a potentially useful tool for rapid, non-destructive monitoring of the post-harvest crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Labanska
- The Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland
| | - Sarah van Amsterdam
- Warwick Crop Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, UK; (S.v.A.); (S.J.); (J.P.C.)
| | - Sascha Jenkins
- Warwick Crop Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, UK; (S.v.A.); (S.J.); (J.P.C.)
| | - John P. Clarkson
- Warwick Crop Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, UK; (S.v.A.); (S.J.); (J.P.C.)
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