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Nardini P, Zizi V, Molino M, Fazi C, Calvani M, Carrozzo F, Giuseppetti G, Calosi L, Guasti D, Biagini D, Di Francesco F, Filippi L, Pini A. Protective Effects of Beta-3 Adrenoceptor Agonism on Mucosal Integrity in Hyperoxia-Induced Ileal Alterations. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:863. [PMID: 39061931 PMCID: PMC11273805 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Organogenesis occurs in the uterus under low oxygen levels (4%). Preterm birth exposes immature newborns to a hyperoxic environment, which can induce a massive production of reactive oxygen species and potentially affect organ development, leading to diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis. The β3-adrenoreceptor (β3-AR) has an oxygen-dependent regulatory mechanism, and its activation exerts an antioxidant effect. To test the hypothesis that β3-AR could protect postnatal ileal development from the negative impact of high oxygen levels, Sprague-Dawley rat pups were raised under normoxia (21%) or hyperoxia (85%) for the first 2 weeks after birth and treated or not with BRL37344, a selective β3-AR agonist, at 1, 3, or 6 mg/kg. Hyperoxia alters ileal mucosal morphology, leading to increased cell lipid oxidation byproducts, reduced presence of β3-AR-positive resident cells, decreased junctional protein expression, disrupted brush border, mucin over-production, and impaired vascularization. Treatment with 3 mg/kg of BRL37344 prevented these alterations, although not completely, while the lower 1 mg/kg dose was ineffective, and the higher 6 mg/kg dose was toxic. Our findings indicate the potential of β3-AR agonism as a new therapeutic approach to counteract the hyperoxia-induced ileal alterations and, more generally, the disorders of prematurity related to supra-physiologic oxygen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Nardini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (P.N.); (V.Z.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (L.C.); (D.G.)
- Imaging Platform, Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine & Joint Laboratory with Department Biology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Virginia Zizi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (P.N.); (V.Z.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (L.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Marta Molino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (P.N.); (V.Z.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (L.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Camilla Fazi
- Department of Pediatric, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Maura Calvani
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Meyer, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Francesco Carrozzo
- Department of Health Science, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Giuseppetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (P.N.); (V.Z.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (L.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Laura Calosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (P.N.); (V.Z.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (L.C.); (D.G.)
- Imaging Platform, Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine & Joint Laboratory with Department Biology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (P.N.); (V.Z.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (L.C.); (D.G.)
- Imaging Platform, Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine & Joint Laboratory with Department Biology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.B.); (F.D.F.)
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (D.B.); (F.D.F.)
| | - Luca Filippi
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (P.N.); (V.Z.); (M.M.); (G.G.); (L.C.); (D.G.)
- Imaging Platform, Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine & Joint Laboratory with Department Biology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Khaiboullina S, Chen Z, Alva-Murillo N, Holban AM. Editorial: Women in infectious agents and disease: 2023. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1436831. [PMID: 38946895 PMCID: PMC11212011 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1436831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Khaiboullina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Ze Chen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Nayeli Alva-Murillo
- Division of Natural and Exact Sciences (DCNE), Departament of Biology, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Wojciechowska D, Salamon S, Wróblewska-Seniuk K. It's time to shed some light on the importance of fungi in neonatal intensive care units: what do we know about the neonatal mycobiome? Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1355418. [PMID: 38567073 PMCID: PMC10985264 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1355418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The 21st century, thanks to the development of molecular methods, including DNA barcoding, using Sanger sequencing, and DNA metabarcoding, based on next-generation sequencing (NGS), is characterized by flourishing research on the human microbiome. Microbial dysbiosis is perceived as a new pathogenetic factor for neonatal diseases. Fungi are crucial, but neglected, components of the neonatal microbiome, which, despite their low abundance, significantly impact morbidity and mortality rates of premature infants hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). The neonatal mycobiome's composition and effect on health remain poorly studied research areas. Our knowledge about neonatal mycobiome, composed of limited genera, is mainly based on research on the bacterial microbiome. We presume it is influenced by clinical factors, including prematurity, antibiotic therapy, and type of delivery. Understanding these risk factors may be useful in prevention strategies against dysbiosis and invasive fungal infections. Despite the methodological challenges resulting from the biology of the fungal cell, this topic is an attractive area of research that may contribute to more effective treatment, especially of newborns from risk groups. In this mini review, we discuss the current state of knowledge, research gaps, study difficulties, and future research directions on the neonatal mycobiome, concerning potential future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dobrochna Wojciechowska
- II Department of Neonatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sylwia Salamon
- Department of Plant Microbiomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Liu M, Ma J, Xu J, Huangfu W, Zhang Y, Ali Q, Liu B, Li D, Cui Y, Wang Z, Sun H, Zhu X, Ma S, Shi Y. Fecal microbiota transplantation alleviates intestinal inflammatory diarrhea caused by oxidative stress and pyroptosis via reducing gut microbiota-derived lipopolysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129696. [PMID: 38280701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Infancy is a critical period in the maturation of the gut microbiota and a phase of susceptibility to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Early disturbances in the gut microbiota can have long-lasting effects on host physiology, including intestinal injury and diarrhea. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can remodel gut microbiota and may be an effective way to treat infant diarrhea. However, limited research has been conducted on the mechanisms of infant diarrhea and the regulation of gut microbiota balance through FMT, primarily due to ethical challenges in testing on human infants. Our study demonstrated that elevated Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) levels in piglets with diarrhea were associated with colon microbiota dysbiosis induced by early weaning. Additionally, LPS upregulated NLRP3 levels by activating TLR4 and inducing ROS production, resulting in pyroptosis, disruption of the intestinal barrier, bacterial translocation, and subsequent inflammation, ultimately leading to diarrhea in piglets. Through microbiota regulation, FMT modulated β-PBD-2 secretion in the colon by increasing butyric acid levels. This modulation alleviated gut microbiota dysbiosis, reduced LPS levels, attenuated oxidative stress and pyroptosis, inhibited the inflammatory response, maintained the integrity of the intestinal barrier, and ultimately reduced diarrhea in piglets caused by colitis. These findings present a novel perspective on the pathogenesis, pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of diarrhea diseases, underscoring the significance of the interaction between FMT and the gut microbiota as a critical strategy for treating diarrhea and intestinal diseases in infants and farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jixiang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junying Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weikang Huangfu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qasim Ali
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Boshuai Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Defeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Yalei Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Zhichang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Sen Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China.
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Necrotizing Enterocolitis: The Role of Hypoxia, Gut Microbiome, and Microbial Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032471. [PMID: 36768793 PMCID: PMC9917134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening disease that predominantly affects very low birth weight preterm infants. Development of NEC in preterm infants is accompanied by high mortality. Surgical treatment of NEC can be complicated by short bowel syndrome, intestinal failure, parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease, and neurodevelopmental delay. Issues surrounding pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of NEC remain unclear. This review summarizes data on prenatal risk factors for NEC, the role of pre-eclampsia, and intrauterine growth retardation in the pathogenesis of NEC. The role of hypoxia in NEC is discussed. Recent data on the role of the intestinal microbiome in the development of NEC, and features of the metabolome that can serve as potential biomarkers, are presented. The Pseudomonadota phylum is known to be associated with NEC in preterm neonates, and the role of other bacteria and their metabolites in NEC pathogenesis is also discussed. The most promising approaches for preventing and treating NEC are summarized.
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