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Dochi H, Kondo S, Komura S, Moriyama-Kita M, Komori T, Nanbo A, Sakaguchi M, Fukuyo M, Hamabe-Horiike T, Tanaka M, Mizokami H, Kano M, Kitagawa Y, Kobayashi E, Hirai N, Ueno T, Nakanishi Y, Endo K, Sugimoto H, Hanayama R, Kaneda A, Yoshizaki T. Peritumoral SPARC expression induced by exosomes from nasopharyngeal carcinoma infected Epstein-Barr virus: A poor prognostic marker. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:895-911. [PMID: 37907830 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells have high metastatic potential. Recent research has revealed that the interaction of between tumor cells and the surrounding stroma plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, we showed the prognostic value of expression of SPARC, an extracellular matrix protein with multiple cellular functions, in normal adjacent tissues (NAT) surrounding NPC. In the immunohistochemical analysis of 51 NPC biopsy specimens, SPARC expression levels were significantly elevated in the NAT of EBER (EBV-encoded small RNA)-positive NPC compared to that in the NAT of EBER-negative NPC. Moreover, increased SPARC expression in NAT was associated with a worsening of overall survival. The enrichment analysis of RNA-seq of publicly available NPC and NAT surrounding NPC data showed that high SPARC expression in NPC was associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition promotion, and there was a dynamic change in the gene expression profile associated with interference of cellular proliferation in NAT, including SPARC expression. Furthermore, EBV-positive NPC cells induce SPARC expression in normal nasopharyngeal cells via exosomes. Induction of SPARC in cancer-surrounding NAT cells reduced intercellular adhesion in normal nasopharyngeal structures and promoted cell competition between cancer cells and normal epithelial cells. These results suggest that epithelial cells loosen their own binding with the extracellular matrix as well as stromal cells, facilitating the invasion of tumor cells into the adjacent stroma by activating cell competition. Our findings reveal a new mechanism by which EBV creates a pro-metastatic microenvironment by upregulating SPARC expression in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotomo Dochi
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Kondo
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Komura
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Makiko Moriyama-Kita
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Komori
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Asuka Nanbo
- Department of Virus Infection Dynamics, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Miako Sakaguchi
- Central Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukuyo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshihide Hamabe-Horiike
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mariko Tanaka
- Center for Biochemical Research and Education, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Harue Mizokami
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Kano
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitagawa
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hirai
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ueno
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakanishi
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhira Endo
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi Sugimoto
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Rikinari Hanayama
- Department of Immunology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yoshizaki
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Almeida-Pinto F, Pinto R, Rocha J. Navigating the Complex Landscape of Ebola Infection Treatment: A Review of Emerging Pharmacological Approaches. Infect Dis Ther 2024; 13:21-55. [PMID: 38240994 PMCID: PMC10828234 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-023-00913-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
In 1976 Ebola revealed itself to the world, marking the beginning of a series of localized outbreaks. However, it was the Ebola outbreak that began in 2013 that incited fear and anxiety around the globe. Since then, our comprehension of the virus has been steadily expanding. Ebola virus (EBOV), belonging to the Orthoebolavirus genus of the Filoviridae family, possesses a non-segmented, negative single-stranded RNA genome comprising seven genes that encode multiple proteins. These proteins collectively orchestrate the intricate process of infecting host cells. It is not possible to view each protein as monofunctional. Instead, they synergistically contribute to the pathogenicity of the virus. Understanding this multifaceted replication cycle is crucial for the development of effective antiviral strategies. Currently, two antibody-based therapeutics have received approval for treating Ebola virus disease (EVD). In 2022, the first evidence-based clinical practice guideline dedicated to specific therapies for EVD was published. Although notable progress has been made in recent years, deaths still occur. Consequently, there is an urgent need to enhance the therapeutic options available to improve the outcomes of the disease. Emerging therapeutics can target viral proteins as direct-acting antivirals or host factors as host-directed antivirals. They both have advantages and disadvantages. One way to bypass some disadvantages is to repurpose already approved drugs for non-EVD indications to treat EVD. This review offers detailed insight into the role of each viral protein in the replication cycle of the virus, as understanding how the virus interacts with host cells is critical to understanding how emerging therapeutics exert their activity. Using this knowledge, this review delves into the intricate mechanisms of action of current and emerging therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui Pinto
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical and Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.ULisboa), 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
- Dr. Joaquim Chaves, Medicine Laboratory, Joaquim Chaves Saúde (JCS), Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - João Rocha
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical and Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.ULisboa), 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
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Furuyama W, Nanbo A. [Introduction of high containment laboratories in abroad]. Uirusu 2022; 72:139-148. [PMID: 38220158 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.72.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Recently, outbreaks of highly pathogenic viruses, such as those of Ebola and Lassa viruses, have become a global public health issue. Such viruses must be handled in biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories. Currently, 62 BSL-4 laboratories are in operation, under construction, or planned in 24 counties. In this review, I provide an overview of the current status and characteristics of BSL-4 facilities in abroad and introduce my research on the wild-type Ebola virus at the BSL-4 facility in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Furuyama
- Department of Virus Infection Dynamics, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University
| | - Asuka Nanbo
- Department of Virus Infection Dynamics, National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University
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