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Zhang Y, Tong D, Zou L, Ji H, Zhou X, Gustave W, Tang X. Low-molecular-weight organic acids inhibit the methane-dependent arsenate reduction process in paddy soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 282:116716. [PMID: 39018734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic methane oxidation (AOM) can drive soil arsenate reduction, a process known as methane-dependent arsenate reduction (M-AsR), which is a critical driver of arsenic (As) release in soil. Low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs), an important component of rice root exudates, have an unclear influence and mechanism on the M-AsR process. To narrow this knowledge gap, three typical LMWOAs-citric acid, oxalic acid, and acetic acid-were selected and added to As-contaminated paddy soils, followed by the injection of 13CH4 and incubation under anaerobic conditions. The results showed that LMWOAs inhibited the M-AsR process and reduced the As(III) concentration in soil porewater by 35.1-65.7 % after 14 days of incubation. Among the LMWOAs, acetic acid exhibited the strongest inhibition, followed by oxalic and citric acid. Moreover, LMWOAs significantly altered the concentrations of ferrous iron and dissolved organic carbon in the soil porewater, consequently impacting the release of As in the soil. The results of qPCR and sequencing analysis indicated that LMWOAs inhibited the M-AsR process by simultaneously suppressing microbes associated with ANME-2d and arrA. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for modulating the M-AsR process and enhance our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of As in paddy soils under rhizosphere conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Tong
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Zou
- Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haofeng Ji
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyao Zhou
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Williamson Gustave
- School of Chemistry, Environmental & Life Sciences, University of the Bahamas, Nassau, New Providence, The Bahamas
| | - Xianjin Tang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Xiong R, He X, Gao N, Li Q, Qiu Z, Hou Y, Shen W. Soil pH amendment alters the abundance, diversity, and composition of microbial communities in two contrasting agricultural soils. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0416523. [PMID: 38916324 PMCID: PMC11302230 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04165-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil microorganisms are the most active participants in terrestrial ecosystems, and have key roles in biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functions. Despite the extensive research on soil pH as a key predictor of microbial community and composition, a limitation of these studies lies in determining whether bacterial and/or fungal communities are directly or indirectly influenced by pH. We conducted a controlled laboratory experiment to investigate the effects of soil pH amendment (+/- 1-2 units) with six levels on soil microbial communities in two contrasting Chinese agricultural soils (pH 8.43 in Dezhou, located in the North China Plain, Shandong vs pH 6.17 in Wuxi, located in the Taihu Lake region, Jiangsu, east China). Results showed that the fungal diversity and composition were related to soil pH, but the effects were much lower than the effects of soil pH on bacterial community in two soils. The diversity and composition of bacterial communities were more closely associated with soil pH in Wuxi soils compared to Dezhou soils. The alpha diversity of bacterial communities peaked near in situ pH levels in both soils, displaying a quadratic fitting pattern. Redundancy analysis and variation partition analysis indicated that soil pH affected bacterial community and composition by directly imposing a physiological constraint on soil bacteria and indirectly altering soil characteristics (e.g., nutrient availability). The study also examined complete curves of taxa relative abundances at the phylum and family levels in response to soil pH, with most relationships conforming to a quadratic fitting pattern, indicating soil pH is a reliable predictor. Furthermore, soil pH amendment affected the transformation of nitrogen and the abundances of functional genes involved in the nitrogen cycle, and methane production and consumption. Overall, results from this study would enhance our comprehension of how soil microorganisms in contrasting farmlands will respond to soil pH changes, and would contribute to more effective soil management and conservation strategies. IMPORTANCE This study delves into the impact of soil pH on microbial communities, investigating whether pH directly or indirectly influences bacterial and fungal communities. The research involved two contrasting soils subjected to a 1-2 pH unit amendment. Results indicate bacterial community composition was shaped by soil pH through physiological constraints and nutrient limitations. We found that most taxa relative abundances at the phylum and family levels responded to pH with a quadratic fitting pattern, indicating that soil pH is a reliable predictor. Additionally, soil pH was found to significantly influence the predicted abundance of functional genes involved in the nitrogen cycle as well as in methane production and consumption processes. These insights can contribute to develop more effective soil management and conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinhua He
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijian Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixin Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Weishou Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Soil Health and Climate-Smart Agriculture, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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Ma Y, Qu Y, Yao X, Xia C, Lv M, Lin X, Zhang L, Zhang M, Hu B. Unveiling the unique role of iron in the metabolism of methanogens: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118495. [PMID: 38367837 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Methanogens are the main participants in the carbon cycle, catalyzing five methanogenic pathways. Methanogens utilize different iron-containing functional enzymes in different methanogenic processes. Iron is a vital element in methanogens, which can serve as a carrier or reactant in electron transfer. Therefore, iron plays an important role in the growth and metabolism of methanogens. In this paper, we cast light on the types and functions of iron-containing functional enzymes involved in different methanogenic pathways, and the roles iron play in energy/substance metabolism of methanogenesis. Furthermore, this review provides certain guiding significance for lowering CH4 emissions, boosting the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems and promoting green and low-carbon development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Qu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangwu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chujun Xia
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengjie Lv
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Beijing Enterprises Water Group Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baolan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Li J, Chen C, Ji L, Wen S, Peng J, Yang L, He G. Urbanization-driven forest soil greenhouse gas emissions: Insights from the role of soil bacteria in carbon and nitrogen cycling using a metagenomic approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171364. [PMID: 38438026 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Increasing population densities and urban sprawl have induced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the soil, and the soil microbiota of urban forests play a critical role in the production and consumption of GHGs, supporting green development. However, the function and potential mechanism of soil bacteria in GHG emissions from forests during urbanization processes need to be better understood. Here, we measured the fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) in Cinnamomum camphora forest soils along an urbanization gradient. 16S amplicon and metagenomic sequencing approaches were employed to examine the structure and potential functions of the soil bacterial community involved in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. In this study, the CH4 and CO2 emissions from urban forest soils (sites U and G) were significantly greater than those from suburban soils (sites S and M). The N2O emissions in the urban center (site U) were 24.0 % (G), 13.8 % (S), and 13.5 % (M) greater than those at the other three sites. These results were related to the increasing bacterial alpha diversity, interactions, and C and N cycling gene abundances (especially those involved in denitrification) in urban forest soils. Additionally, the soil pH and metal contents (K, Ca, Mg) affected key bacterial populations (such as Methylomirabilota, Acidobacteriota, and Proteobacteria) and indicators (napA, nosZ, nrfA, nifH) involved in reducing N2O emissions. The soil heavy metal contents (Fe, Cr, Pb) were the main contributors to CH4 emissions, possibly by affecting methanogens (Desulfobacterota) and methanotrophic bacteria (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Patescibacteria). Our study provides new insights into the benefits of conservation-minded urban planning and close-to-nature urban forest management and construction, which are conducive to mitigating GHG emissions and supporting urban sustainable development by mediating the core bacterial population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 Shaoshan South Road, 410004 Changsha, PR China
| | - Chuxiang Chen
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 Shaoshan South Road, 410004 Changsha, PR China
| | - Li Ji
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 Shaoshan South Road, 410004 Changsha, PR China.
| | - Shizhi Wen
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 Shaoshan South Road, 410004 Changsha, PR China
| | - Jun Peng
- Hunan Geological Experiment and Testing Center, Changsha, 290 Middle Chengnan Road, 410007, PR China
| | - Lili Yang
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 Shaoshan South Road, 410004 Changsha, PR China
| | - Gongxiu He
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 Shaoshan South Road, 410004 Changsha, PR China.
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Yao X, Wang J, He M, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Li Y, Chi T, Zhu L, Zheng P, Jetten MSM, Hu B. Methane-dependent complete denitrification by a single Methylomirabilis bacterium. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:464-476. [PMID: 38228857 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Methane-dependent nitrate and nitrite removal in anoxic environments is thought to rely on syntrophy between ANME-2d archaea and bacteria in the genus 'Candidatus Methylomirabilis'. Here we enriched and purified a single Methylomirabilis from paddy soil fed with nitrate and methane, which is capable of coupling methane oxidation to nitrate reduction via nitrite to dinitrogen independently. Isotope labelling showed that this bacterium we name 'Ca. Methylomirabilis sinica' stoichiometrically performed methane-dependent complete nitrate reduction to dinitrogen gas. Multi-omics analyses collectively demonstrated that 'M. sinica' actively expressed a well-established pathway for this process, especially including nitrate reductase Nap. Furthermore, 'M. sinica' exhibited a higher nitrate affinity than most denitrifiers, implying its competitive fitness under oligotrophic nitrogen-limited conditions. Our findings revise the paradigm of methane-dependent denitrification performed by two organisms, and the widespread presence of 'M. sinica' in public databases suggests that the coupling of methane oxidation and complete denitrification in single cells substantially contributes to global methane and nitrogen budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingyue He
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zishu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufen Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Taolve Chi
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mike S M Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences (RIBES), Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Baolan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, China.
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Liu R, Wei Z, Dong W, Wang R, Adams JM, Yang L, Krause SMB. Unraveling the impact of lanthanum on methane consuming microbial communities in rice field soils. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1298154. [PMID: 38322316 PMCID: PMC10844099 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1298154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the lanthanide requiring enzymes in microbes was a significant scientific discovery that opened a whole new avenue of biotechnological research of this important group of metals. However, the ecological impact of lanthanides on microbial communities utilizing methane (CH4) remains largely unexplored. In this study, a laboratory microcosm model experiment was performed using rice field soils with different pH origins (5.76, 7.2, and 8.36) and different concentrations of La3+ in the form of lanthanum chloride (LaCl3). Results clearly showed that CH4 consumption was inhibited by the addition of La3+ but that the response depended on the soil origin and pH. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed the genus Methylobacter, Methylosarcina, and Methylocystis as key players in CH4 consumption under La3+ addition. We suggest that the soil microbiome involved in CH4 consumption can generally tolerate addition of high concentrations of La3+, and adjustments in community composition ensured ecosystem functionality over time. As La3+ concentrations increase, the way that the soil microbiome reacts may not only differ within the same environment but also vary when comparing different environments, underscoring the need for further research into this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyan Liu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziting Wei
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanying Dong
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jonathan M. Adams
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sascha M. B. Krause
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Chen Y, Dai T, Li N, Li Q, Lyu Y, Di P, Lyu L, Zhang S, Li J. Environmental heterogeneity shapes the C and S cycling-associated microbial community in Haima's cold seeps. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1199853. [PMID: 37502402 PMCID: PMC10370420 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1199853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental heterogeneity in cold seeps is usually reflected by different faunal aggregates. The sediment microbiome, especially the geochemical cycling-associated communities, sustains the ecosystem through chemosynthesis. To date, few studies have paid attention to the structuring and functioning of geochemical cycling-associated communities relating to environmental heterogeneity in different faunal aggregates of cold seeps. In this study, we profiled the microbial community of four faunal aggregates in the Haima cold seep, South China Sea. Through a combination of geochemical and meta-omics approaches, we have found that geochemical variables, such as sulfate and calcium, exhibited a significant variation between different aggregates, indicating changes in the methane flux. Anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME), sulfate-reducing, and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (SRB and SOB) dominated the microbial community but varied in composition among the four aggregates. The diversity of archaea and bacteria exhibited a strong correlation between sulfate, calcium, and silicate. Interspecies co-exclusion inferred by molecular ecological network analysis increased from non-seep to clam aggregates and peaked at the mussel aggregate. The networked geochemical cycling-associated species showed an obvious aggregate-specific distribution pattern. Notably, hydrocarbon oxidation and sulfate reduction by ANME and SRB produced carbonate and sulfide, driving the alkalization of the sediment environment, which may impact the microbial communities. Collectively, these results highlighted that geofluid and microbial metabolism together resulted in environmental heterogeneity, which shaped the C and S cycling-associated microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianjiao Dai
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Niu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiqi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanjiao Lyu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengfei Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lina Lyu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Li
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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