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Cao L, Ouyang H. Intercellular crosstalk between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts via exosomes in gastrointestinal tumors. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1374742. [PMID: 38463229 PMCID: PMC10920350 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1374742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors are a significant global health threat, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Exosomes contain various biologically active molecules like nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids and can serve as messengers for intercellular communication. They play critical roles in the exchange of information between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME consists of mesenchymal cells and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), with fibroblasts being the most abundant cell type in the tumor mesenchyme. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are derived from normal fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells that are activated in the TME. CAFs can secrete exosomes to modulate cell proliferation, invasion, migration, drug resistance, and other biological processes in tumors. Additionally, tumor cells can manipulate the function and behavior of fibroblasts through direct cell-cell interactions. This review provides a summary of the intercellular crosstalk between GI tumor cells and CAFs through exosomes, along with potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyang Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Peoples' Hospital of Hangzhou Linan District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Peoples' Hospital of Hangzhou Linan District, Hangzhou, China
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Chen C, Feng D, Lu F, Qin J, Dun L, Liao Z, Tao J, Zhou Z. Neuroprotective effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells treated by Musk Ketone on ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107628. [PMID: 38342273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. This study aimed to investigate the role of exosomes (Exo) derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) treated with Musk Ketone (Mus treated-Exo) in the development of IS injury. METHODS BMSCs were pretreated with 10 μM Mus for 36 h, and Exo derived from these Mus-treated BMSCs (Mus-treated Exo) were extracted. Rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were administered either 2 mg/kg of control Exo (Ctrl-Exo), 2 mg/kg of Mus treated-Exo, or 10 μM Mus. Neurological deficit and cerebral infarction in the MCAO rats were assessed utilizing neurological scores and TTC staining. Neuronal apoptosis, activation of microglia/macrophages, and inflammation were evaluated through TUNEL staining, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS Our findings revealed that Mus-treated Exo possessed a more pronounced neuroprotective effect on MCAO rats when compared to Ctrl-Exo and Mus treatment alone. Specifically, Mus treated-Exo effectively ameliorated neurological function, reduced the volume of cerebral infarction, and diminished hemispheric swelling in MCAO rats. Moreover, it inhibited neuronal apoptosis and activation of microglia/macrophages, promoted the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 while decreasing the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax, Cleaved-caspase 3, and pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and COX-2. CONCLUSIONS The findings imply that Mus treated-Exo could confer neuroprotection in rats affected by IS, potentially by attenuating apoptosis and neuroinflammation. The underlying mechanisms, however, warrant further investigation. Mus treated-Exo shows potential as a new therapeutic strategy for IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuilan Chen
- Department of Neurology Laboratory, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China; Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Dongshan Feng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China; Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Jin Qin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Linglu Dun
- Department of Neurology Laboratory, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Zhongling Liao
- Department of Neurology Laboratory, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Jingrui Tao
- Department of Neurology Laboratory, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Zheyi Zhou
- Department of Neurology Laboratory, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China.
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Gorgzadeh A, Nazari A, Ali Ehsan Ismaeel A, Safarzadeh D, Hassan JAK, Mohammadzadehsaliani S, Kheradjoo H, Yasamineh P, Yasamineh S. A state-of-the-art review of the recent advances in exosome isolation and detection methods in viral infection. Virol J 2024; 21:34. [PMID: 38291452 PMCID: PMC10829349 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins, RNA, DNA, lipids, and carbohydrates are only some of the molecular components found in exosomes released by tumor cells. They play an essential role in healthy and diseased cells as messengers of short- and long-distance intercellular communication. However, since exosomes are released by every kind of cell and may be found in blood and other bodily fluids, they may one day serve as biomarkers for a wide range of disorders. In many pathological conditions, including cancer, inflammation, and infection, they play a role. It has been shown that the biogenesis of exosomes is analogous to that of viruses and that the exosomal cargo plays an essential role in the propagation, dissemination, and infection of several viruses. Bidirectional modulation of the immune response is achieved by the ability of exosomes associated with viruses to facilitate immunological escape and stimulate the body's antiviral immune response. Recently, exosomes have received a lot of interest due to their potential therapeutic use as biomarkers for viral infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and SARS-CoV-2. This article discusses the purification procedures and detection techniques for exosomes and examines the research on exosomes as a biomarker of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Nazari
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Diba Safarzadeh
- Vocational School of Health Service, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jawad A K Hassan
- National University of Science and Technology, Nasiriyah, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | | | | | - Pooneh Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
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Shen X, Yin L, Xu S, Wang J, Yin D, Zhao R, Pan X, Dai Y, Hou H, Zhou X, Hu X. Altered Proteomic Profile of Exosomes Secreted from Vero Cells Infected with Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:1640. [PMID: 37631983 PMCID: PMC10459195 DOI: 10.3390/v15081640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection causes severe diarrhea in pigs and can be fatal in newborn piglets. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells that transfer biologically active proteins, lipids, and RNA to neighboring or distant cells. Herein, the morphology, particle size, and secretion of exosomes derived from a control and PEDV-infected group are examined, followed by a proteomic analysis of the exosomes. The results show that the exosomes secreted from the Vero cells had a typical cup-shaped structure. The average particle size of the exosomes from the PEDV-infected group was 112.4 nm, whereas that from the control group was 150.8 nm. The exosome density analysis and characteristic protein determination revealed that the content of exosomes in the PEDV-infected group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The quantitative proteomics assays revealed 544 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the PEDV-infected group's exosomes compared with those in the controls, with 236 upregulated and 308 downregulated proteins. The DEPs were closely associated with cellular regulatory pathways, such as the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and cytoskeletal regulation. These findings provide the basis for further investigation of the pathogenic mechanisms of PEDV and the discovery of novel antiviral targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehuai Shen
- Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei 230031, China; (X.S.); (L.Y.); (S.X.); (J.W.); (D.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.D.); (H.H.); (X.Z.); (X.H.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Hefei 230031, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei 230031, China; (X.S.); (L.Y.); (S.X.); (J.W.); (D.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.D.); (H.H.); (X.Z.); (X.H.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Shuangshuang Xu
- Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei 230031, China; (X.S.); (L.Y.); (S.X.); (J.W.); (D.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.D.); (H.H.); (X.Z.); (X.H.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jieru Wang
- Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei 230031, China; (X.S.); (L.Y.); (S.X.); (J.W.); (D.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.D.); (H.H.); (X.Z.); (X.H.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Dongdong Yin
- Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei 230031, China; (X.S.); (L.Y.); (S.X.); (J.W.); (D.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.D.); (H.H.); (X.Z.); (X.H.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ruihong Zhao
- Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei 230031, China; (X.S.); (L.Y.); (S.X.); (J.W.); (D.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.D.); (H.H.); (X.Z.); (X.H.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiaocheng Pan
- Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei 230031, China; (X.S.); (L.Y.); (S.X.); (J.W.); (D.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.D.); (H.H.); (X.Z.); (X.H.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yin Dai
- Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei 230031, China; (X.S.); (L.Y.); (S.X.); (J.W.); (D.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.D.); (H.H.); (X.Z.); (X.H.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hongyan Hou
- Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei 230031, China; (X.S.); (L.Y.); (S.X.); (J.W.); (D.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.D.); (H.H.); (X.Z.); (X.H.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xueli Zhou
- Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei 230031, China; (X.S.); (L.Y.); (S.X.); (J.W.); (D.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.D.); (H.H.); (X.Z.); (X.H.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiaomiao Hu
- Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei 230031, China; (X.S.); (L.Y.); (S.X.); (J.W.); (D.Y.); (R.Z.); (Y.D.); (H.H.); (X.Z.); (X.H.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Hefei 230031, China
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