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Szotowska I, Ledwoń A. Antiviral Chemotherapy in Avian Medicine-A Review. Viruses 2024; 16:593. [PMID: 38675934 PMCID: PMC11054683 DOI: 10.3390/v16040593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article describes the current knowledge about the use of antiviral chemotherapeutics in avian species, such as farm poultry and companion birds. Specific therapeutics are described in alphabetical order including classic antiviral drugs, such as acyclovir, abacavir, adefovir, amantadine, didanosine, entecavir, ganciclovir, interferon, lamivudine, penciclovir, famciclovir, oseltamivir, ribavirin, and zidovudine, repurposed drugs, such as ivermectin and nitazoxanide, which were originally used as antiparasitic drugs, and some others substances showing antiviral activity, such as ampligen, azo derivates, docosanol, fluoroarabinosylpyrimidine nucleosides, and novel peptides. Most of them have only been used for research purposes and are not widely used in clinical practice because of a lack of essential pharmacokinetic and safety data. Suggested future research directions are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Szotowska
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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Luo W, Gonzalez E, Zarei A, Calleja S, Rozzi B, Demieville J, Li H, Truco MJ, Lavelle D, Michelmore R, Dyer JM, Jenks MA, Pauli D. Leaf cuticular wax composition of a genetically diverse collection of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars evaluated under field conditions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27226. [PMID: 38463774 PMCID: PMC10923717 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cuticular waxes of plants impart tolerance to many forms of environmental stress and help shed dangerous human pathogens on edible plant parts. Although the chemical composition of waxes on a wide variety of important crops has been described, a detailed wax compositional analysis has yet to be reported for lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), one of the most widely consumed vegetables. We present herein the leaf wax content and composition of 12 genetically diverse lettuce cultivars sampled across five time points during their vegetative growth phase in the field. Mean total leaf wax amounts across all cultivars varied little over 28 days of vegetative growth, except for a notable decrease in total waxes following a major precipitation event, presumably due to wax degradation from wind and rain. All lettuce cultivars were found to contain a unique wax composition highly enriched in 22- and 24-carbon length 1-alcohols (docosanol and tetracosanol, respectively). In our report, the dominance of these shorter chain length 1-alcohols as wax constituents represents a relatively rare phenotype in plants. The ecological significance of these dominant and relatively short 1-alcohols is still unknown. Although waxes have been a target for improvement of various crops, no such work has been reported for lettuce. This study lays the groundwork for future research that aims to integrate cuticular wax characteristics of field grown plants into the larger context of lettuce breeding and cultivar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Luo
- Departments of Mathematics and Biosystems Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Emmanuel Gonzalez
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Ariyan Zarei
- Department of Computer Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Sebastian Calleja
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Bruno Rozzi
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jeffrey Demieville
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Haiquan Li
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Maria-Jose Truco
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Dean Lavelle
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Richard Michelmore
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - John M. Dyer
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Matthew A. Jenks
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Duke Pauli
- The School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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Taghizadeh MS, Niazi A, Afsharifar A. Virus-like particles (VLPs): A promising platform for combating against Newcastle disease virus. Vaccine X 2024; 16:100440. [PMID: 38283623 PMCID: PMC10811427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The global poultry industry plays a pivotal role in providing eggs and meat for human consumption. However, outbreaks of viral disease, especially Newcastle virus disease (NDV), within poultry farms have detrimental effects on various zootechnical parameters, such as body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, as well as the quality of egg and meat production. Cases of vaccine failure have been reported in regions where highly pathogenic strains of NDV are prevalent. To tackle this challenge, virus-like particles (VLPs) have emerged as a potential solution. VLPs closely resemble natural viruses, offering biocompatibility and immune-stimulating properties that make them highly promising for therapeutic applications against NDV. Hence, this review emphasizes the significance of NDV and the need for effective treatments. The manuscript will contain several key aspects, starting with an exploration of the structure and properties of NDV. Subsequently, the paper will delve into the characteristics and benefits of VLPs compared to conventional drug delivery systems. A comprehensive analysis of VLPs as potential vaccine candidates targeting NDV will be presented, along with a discussion on strategies for loading cargo into these NDV-targeting VLPs. The review will also examine various expression systems utilized in the production of NDV-targeting VLPs. Additionally, the manuscript will address future prospects and challenges in the field, concluding with recommendations for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Niazi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Afsharifar
- Plant Virus Research Center, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Zannella C, Chianese A, Annunziata G, Ambrosino A, De Filippis A, Tenore GC, Novellino E, Stornaiuolo M, Galdiero M. Antiherpetic Activity of Taurisolo ®, a Grape Pomace Polyphenolic Extract. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1346. [PMID: 37317320 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is widespread in the population, causing oral or genital ulcers and, rarely, severe complications such as encephalitis, keratitis, and neonatal herpes. Current available anti-HSV drugs are acyclovir and its derivatives, although long-term therapy with these agents can lead to drug resistance. Thus, the discovery of novel antiherpetic compounds merits additional studies. In recent decades, much scientific effort has been invested in the discovery of new synthetic or natural compounds with promising antiviral properties. In our study, we tested the antiviral potential of a novel polyphenol-based nutraceutical formulation (named Taurisolo®) consisting of a water polyphenol extract of grape pomace. The evaluation of the antiviral activity was carried out by using HSV-1 and HSV-2 in plaque assay experiments to understand the mechanism of action of the extract. Results were confirmed by real-time PCR, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and fluorescence microscope. Taurisolo® was able to block the viral infection by acting on cells when added together with the virus and also when the virus was pretreated with the extract, demonstrating an inhibitory activity directed to the early phases of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection. Altogether, these data evidence for the first time the potential use of Taurisolo® as a topical formulation for both preventing and healing herpes lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ambrosino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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