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Chen Y, Lin S, Wang L, Zhang Y, Chen H, Fu Z, Zhang M, Luo H, Liu J. Reinforcement of the intestinal mucosal barrier via mucus-penetrating PEGylated bacteria. Nat Biomed Eng 2024:10.1038/s41551-024-01224-4. [PMID: 38839928 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The breakdown of the gut's mucosal barrier that prevents the infiltration of microorganisms, inflammatory cytokines and toxins into bodily tissues can lead to inflammatory bowel disease and to metabolic and autoimmune diseases. Here we show that the intestinal mucosal barrier can be reinforced via the oral administration of commensal bacteria coated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to facilitate their penetration into mucus. In mice with intestinal homoeostatic imbalance, mucus-penetrating PEGylated bacteria preferentially localized in mucus at the lower gastrointestinal tract, inhibited the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, maintained homoeostasis of the gut microbiota, stimulated the secretion of mucus and the expression of tight junctions, and prevented the mice from developing colitis and diabetes. Orally delivered PEGylated bacteria may help prevent and treat gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sisi Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilong Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Xu Y, Feng T, Ding Z, Li L, Li Z, Cui K, Chen W, Pan H, Zhu P, Liu Q. Age-related compositional and functional changes in the adult and breastfed buffalo rumen microbiome. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1342804. [PMID: 38881655 PMCID: PMC11177756 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1342804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The buffalo is an important domestic animal globally, providing milk, meat, and labor to more than 2 billion people in 67 countries. The rumen microorganisms of buffaloes play an indispensable role in enabling the healthy functionality and digestive function of buffalo organisms. Currently, there is a lack of clarity regarding the differences in the composition and function of rumen microorganisms among buffaloes at different growth stages. Methods In this study, metagenomics sequencing technology was applied to examine the compositional and functional differences of rumen microorganisms in adult and breastfed buffaloes. Results The results revealed that the rumen of adult buffaloes had significantly higher levels of the following dominant genera: Prevotella, UBA1711, RF16, Saccharofermentans, F23-D06, UBA1777, RUG472, and Methanobrevibacter_A. Interestingly, the dominant genera specific to the rumen of adult buffaloes showed a significant positive correlation (correlation>0.5, p-value<0.05) with both lignocellulose degradation-related carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and immune signaling pathways activated by antigenic stimulation. The rumen of breastfed buffaloes had significantly higher levels of the following dominant genera: UBA629, CAG- 791, Selenomonas_C, Treponema_D, Succinivibrio, and RC9. Simultaneously, the rumen-dominant genera specific to breastfed buffaloes were significantly positively correlated (correlation>0.5, p-value<0.05) with CAZymes associated with lactose degradation, amino acid synthesis pathways, and antibiotic-producing pathways. Discussion This indicates that rumen microorganisms in adult buffaloes are more engaged in lignocellulose degradation, whereas rumen microorganisms in breastfed buffaloes are more involved in lactose and amino acid degradation, as well as antibiotic production. In conclusion, these findings suggest a close relationship between differences in rumen microbes and the survival needs of buffaloes at different growth stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixue Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Tong Feng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center for Artificial Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixu Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Nanning, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Kuiqing Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Weihua Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center for Artificial Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongping Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Marine Ecological Environment Field Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China
| | - Qingyou Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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Cui X, Zhang T, Xie T, Guo FX, Zhang YY, Deng YJ, Wang Q, Guo YX, Dong MH, Luo XT. Research Progress on the Correlation Between Hypertension and Gut Microbiota. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:2371-2387. [PMID: 38770171 PMCID: PMC11104380 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s463880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Among cardiovascular diseases, hypertension is the most important risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its pathogenesis is complex, involving genetic, dietary and environmental factors. The characteristics of the gut microbiota can vary in response to increased blood pressure (BP) and influence the development and progression of hypertension. This paper describes five aspects of the relationship between hypertension and the gut microbiota, namely, the different types of gut microbiota, metabolites of the gut microbiota, sympathetic activation, gut-brain interactions, the effects of exercise and dietary patterns and the treatment of the gut microbiota through probiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and herbal remedies, providing new clues for the future prevention of hypertension. Diet, exercise and traditional Chinese medicine may contribute to long-term improvements in hypertension, although the effects of probiotics and FMT still need to be validated in large populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Xie
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang-xi Guo
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-ying Zhang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-jia Deng
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-xing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-hua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-ting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of General Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Wang C, Fan J, Ma K, Wang H, Li D, Li T, Ma Y. Effects of adding Allium mongolicum Regel powder and yeast cultures to diet on rumen microbial flora of Tibetan sheep ( Ovis aries). Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1283437. [PMID: 38450026 PMCID: PMC10914970 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1283437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of Allium mongolicum Regel powder (AMR) and yeast cultures (YC) on rumen microbial diversity in Tibetan sheep in different Ecological niches. A total of 40 male Tibetan lambs with an initial weight of 18.56 ± 1.49 kg (6 months old) were selected and divided into four groups (10 sheep/pen; n = 10). In the Control Group, each animal was grazed for 8 h per day, in Group I, each animal was supplemented with 200 g of concentrate per day, in Group II, each animal was supplemented with 200 g of concentrate and 10 g of AMR per day, in Group III, each animal was supplemented with 200 g of concentrate and 20 g of YC per day. The experiment lasted 82 days and consisted of a 7-day per-feeding period and a 75-day formal period. The results indicated that at the phylum level, the abundance of Bacteroidota and Verrucomimicrobiota in L-Group II and L-Group III was increased, while the abundance of Proteobacteria was decreased in the LA (Liquid-Associated) groups. The proportion of F/B in S-Group II and S-Group III was increased compared to S-Group I and S-CON in the SA (Soild-Associated) group. At the genus level, the abundance of uncultured_rumen_bacterium and Eubacterium_ruminantium_group in L-Group II and L-Group III was increased. Furthermore, while the abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group was decreased in the LA, the abundance of Prevotella and Eubacterium_ruminantium_group was increased in the S-Group II and S-Group III compared to S-Group I and S-CON. The abundance of probable_genus_10 was the highest in S-Group II in the SA group. After the addition of YC and AMR, there was an increase in rumen microbial abundance, which was found to be beneficial for the stability of rumen flora and had a positive impact on rumen health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juan Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keyan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dengpan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Taotao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Youji Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
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Huang J, Sheng Y, Xue P, Yu D, Guan P, Ren J, Qian W. Patterns of Spatial Variation in Rumen Microbiology, Histomorphology, and Fermentation Parameters in Tarim wapiti ( Cervus elaphus yarkandensis). Microorganisms 2024; 12:216. [PMID: 38276201 PMCID: PMC10820752 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The rumen is divided into multiple rumen sacs based on anatomical structure, and each has its unique physiological environment. Tarim wapiti preserved roughage tolerance after domestication, and adaptation to the desertified environment led to the development of a unique rumen shape and intraruminal environment. In this work, six Tarim wapiti were chosen and tested for fermentation parameters, microbes, and histomorphology in four rumen areas (Dorsal sac, DS; Ventral sac, VS; Caudodorsal blind sac, CDBS; Caudoventral blind sac, CVBS). Tarim wapiti's rumen blind sac had better developed rumen histomorphology, the ventral sac was richer in VFAs, and the dominant bacteria varied most notably in the phylum Firmicutes, which was enriched in the caudoventral blind sac. The ventral sac biomarkers focused on carbohydrate fermentation-associated bacteria, the dorsal sac focused on N recycling, and the caudoventral blind sac identified the only phylum-level bacterium, Firmicutes; we were surprised to find a probiotic bacterium, Bacillus clausii, identified as a biomarker in the ventral sac. This research provides a better understanding of rumen fermentation parameters, microorganisms, and histomorphology in the Tarim wapiti rumen within a unique ecological habitat, laying the groundwork for future regulation targeting the rumen microbiota and subsequent animal production improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (J.H.); (Y.S.); (P.X.); (D.Y.); (P.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Yueyun Sheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (J.H.); (Y.S.); (P.X.); (D.Y.); (P.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Pengfei Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (J.H.); (Y.S.); (P.X.); (D.Y.); (P.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Donghui Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (J.H.); (Y.S.); (P.X.); (D.Y.); (P.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Peng Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (J.H.); (Y.S.); (P.X.); (D.Y.); (P.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Jiangang Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (J.H.); (Y.S.); (P.X.); (D.Y.); (P.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Wenxi Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (J.H.); (Y.S.); (P.X.); (D.Y.); (P.G.); (J.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science & Technology, Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Alar 843300, China
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Gomez D, Toribio R, Caddey B, Costa M, Vijan S, Dembek K. Longitudinal effects of oral administration of antimicrobial drugs on fecal microbiota of horses. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2562-2572. [PMID: 37681574 PMCID: PMC10658497 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial drug-associated diarrhea (AAD) is the most common adverse effect in horses receiving antimicrobials. Little information on how oral administration of antimicrobials alters intestinal microbiota in horses is available. OBJECTIVE Investigate changes of the fecal microbiota in response to oral administration of antimicrobials. ANIMALS Twenty healthy horses. METHODS Prospective, longitudinal study. Horses were randomly assigned to 4 groups comprising 4 horses each: group 1 (metronidazole); group 2 (erythromycin); group 3 (doxycycline); group 4 (sulfadiazine/trimethoprim, SMZ-TMP); and group 5 (control). Antimicrobials were administered for 5 days. Fecal samples were obtained before (day 0) and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 30 days of the study period. Fecal microbiota was characterized by high throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA. RESULTS Horses remained healthy throughout the study. Richness and diversity in doxycycline, erythromycin, and metronidazole, but not SMZ-TMP groups, was significantly lower (P < .05) at multiple time points after administration of antimicrobials compared with samples from day 0. Main changes in the microbiota were observed during the time of antimicrobial administration (day 2-5; weighted and unweighted UniFrac PERMANOVA P < .05). Administration of erythromycin, doxycycline and, to a lesser extent, metronidazole produced a pronounced alteration in the microbiota compared with day 0 samples by decreasing the abundance of Treponema, Fibrobacter, and Lachnospiraceae and increasing Fusobacterium and Escherichia-Shigella. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Oral administration of antimicrobials alters the intestinal microbiota of healthy horses resembling horses with dysbiosis, potentially resulting in intestinal inflammation and predisposition to diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gomez
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Ramiro Toribio
- Department of Clinical SciencesThe Ohio State University, College of Veterinary MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Benjamin Caddey
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Marcio Costa
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire – Département de Biomédecine VétérinaireUniversity of MontrealSaint‐HyacintheQuebecCanada
| | - Stephanie Vijan
- Department of Clinical SciencesThe Ohio State University, College of Veterinary MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Katarzyna Dembek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
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Effects of Dietary Capsaicin and Yucca schidigera Extracts as Feed Additives on Rumen Fermentation and Microflora of Beef Cattle Fed with a Moderate-Energy Diet. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin (CAP) and Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) are two types of plant extracts that can change rumen fermentation. This study was conducted to investigate whether supplementation of beef cattle diets with CAP and YSE for 90 days would affect rumen fermentation and microflora. Forty-five healthy Angus steers (initial body weight = 510.54 ± 41.27 kg) were divided into three groups: control (CON), CAP, and YSE. Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentrations were significantly higher in the YSE group than in the CON group and significantly lower in the CAP group than in the CON group. At the phylum level, YSE increased the relative abundances of Bacteroidota and Patescibacteria and reduced that of Bacillota. At the genus level, CAP and YSE both increased the relative abundances of genera subordinate to Bacteroidota and decreased the relative abundances of genera subordinate to Bacillota. Our study shows that YSE and CAP have different effects on rumen fermentation and microflora after long-term supplementation.
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Li Z, Shi J, Lei Y, Wu J, Zhang R, Zhang X, Jia L, Wang Y, Ma Y, He P, Ma Y, Cheng Q, Zhang Z, Zhang K, Lei Z. Castration alters the cecal microbiota and inhibits growth in Holstein cattle. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac367. [PMID: 36326798 PMCID: PMC9733532 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the effects of castration on growth performance, serum hormone levels, cecal microbiota composition, and metabolites in cattle. A total of 18 Holstein bulls and steers were divided into bull and steer groups and randomly assigned to 3 pens (3 cattle per pen, and each cattle were separated by a fence) to determine the average daily gain (ADG), daily dry matter intake (DMI), and feed efficiency (G/F). After the finishing trial, six cattle per group were randomly slaughtered. Serum was collected to measure the hormone concentration, and the cecal content was collected to measure the pH, short-chain fatty acids, and digestive enzyme activities. Metagenome sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were used to investigate the microbiota composition, functional profiles, and differential metabolites of the cecal contents. We found that castration significantly decreased ADG, DMI, and G/F in cattle (P < 0.05). The serum testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone (P < 0.05), and triiodothyronine (P < 0.01) concentrations significantly decreased in the steer group when compared to those of the bull group. The activities of cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, and β-glucosidase (P < 0.05) significantly decreased in the steer group, whereas the activities of lipase and α-amylase significantly increased. Moreover, castration significantly decreased the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_bacterium, Treponema_porcinum, Oscillibacter_sp. (P < 0.05), and Alistipes_senegalensis (P < 0.01), whereas the relative abundance of Phocaeicola_plebeius (P < 0.05) was significantly increased. Also, the relative abundance of Phocaeicola_plebeius was negatively correlated with testosterone levels, and the function of the cecal microbiota was enriched in the GH29 and GH97 families in the steer group. Metabolomic analysis indicated that castration increased the levels of L-valine, L-phenylalanine, L-aspartic acid, L-isoleucine, L-lysine, methionine, L-glutamic acid, and L-leucine, while decreasing the levels of α-ketoglutaric acid through the 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism pathway. In addition, α-ketoglutaric acid was negatively correlated with Oscillibacter_sp. (P < 0.01). Overall, castration can inhibit cattle growth by altering the composition of the cecal microbiota. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical and practical basis for improving the growth performance of steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinping Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Institute of Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengjia He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yannan Ma
- Institute of Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Jingchuan Xukang Food Co., Ltd, Pingliang, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Gansu Huarui Agriculture Co., Ltd, Zhangye, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhaomin Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Yeast Products Mediated Ruminal Subenvironmental Microbiota, and Abnormal Metabolites and Digestive Enzymes Regulated Rumen Fermentation Function in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223221. [PMID: 36428448 PMCID: PMC9686794 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast products (YP) are commonly used as rumen regulators, but their mechanisms of action are still unclear. Based on our previous studies, we questioned whether yeast products would have an impact on rumen solid-associated (SA) and liquid-associated (LA) microorganisms and alter rumen fermentation patterns. Thirty 3-month-old male sheep weighing 19.27 ± 0.45 kg were selected and randomized into three groups for 60 days: (1) basal diet group (CON group), (2) basal diet add 20 g YP per day (low YP, LYP group) and (3) basal diet add 40 g YP per day (high YP, HYP group). The results demonstrated that the addition of YP increased rumen cellulase activity, butyrate and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentrations (p < 0.05), while it decreased rumen amylase activity and abnormal metabolites, such as lactate, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and histamine (HIS) (p < 0.05). Metagenomic analysis of rumen microorganisms in three groups revealed that YP mainly influenced the microbial profiles of the SA system. YP increased the relative abundance of R. flavefaciens and decreased methanogens in the SA system (p < 0.05). With the addition of YP, the abundance of only a few lactate-producing bacteria increased in the SA system, including Streptococcus and Lactobacillus (p < 0.05). However, almost all lactate-utilizing bacteria increased in the LA system, including Megasphaera, Selenomonas, Fusobacterium and Veillonella (p < 0.05). In addition, YP increased the abundance of certain GHs family members, including GH43 and GH98 (p < 0.05), but decreased the abundance of some KEGG metabolic pathways involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, biosynthesis of antibiotics and purine metabolism, among others. In conclusion, the addition of YP to high-concentrate diets can change the abundance of major functional microbiota in the rumen, especially in the solid fraction, which in turn affects rumen fermentation patterns and improves rumen digestibility.
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Zhou J, Ding Z, Pu Q, Xue B, Yue S, Guan S, Wang Z, Wang L, Peng Q, Xue B. Rumen Fermentation and Microbiome Responses to Enzymatic Hydrolysate of Cottonseed Protein Supplementation in Continuous In Vitro Culture. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162113. [PMID: 36009704 PMCID: PMC9405472 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of enzymatic hydrolysate of cottonseed protein (ECP) on the kinetic of gas production, rumen fermentation characteristics, and microbial diversity in continuous in vitro culture with a single factorial design of supplementation with various concentrations of ECP or yeast culture. Treatments were control (without supplementation, CON), supplementation with 10 g/kg Diamond-V XP yeast culture of substrate (XP), and supplementation with 6, 12 and 18 g/kg ECP of substrate (ECP1, ECP2, ECP3), each incubated with 30 mL of buffered incubation fluids and 200 mg of fermentation substrate in graduated glass syringes fitted with plungers for 48 h. Compared with the CON treatment, supplementation of XP yeast culture increased the cumulative gas production at 12 and 24 h, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration at 24 and 36 h, the concentration of microbial protein (MCP) concentration at 24 and 48 h, the molar butyrate proportion at 12, 24, and 48 h, the molar valerate proportion at 48 h, and the ratio of non-glucogenic to glucogenic acids (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON treatment, the concentration of MCP and the molar propionate proportion at 12 h were higher in the ECP1 treatment (p < 0.05); the cumulative gas production at 2, 4, and 12 h, the concentration of NH3-N at 36 h and the molar valerate proportion at 48 h were higher in the ECP2 treatment (p < 0.05); the cumulative gas production at 2, 12, and 48 h, the concentration of NH3-N at 12 and 36 h, the concentration of MCP at 12, 36, and 48 h, the molar butyrate proportion at 12 and 48 h, and the molar valerate proportion at 48 h were higher in the ECP3 treatment (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON treatment, supplementation with XP yeast culture significantly altered the relative abundance of the phyla Firmicutes, Kiritimatiellaeota, and Proteobacteria, while supplementation with ECP had minimal effect on bacterial diversity. The prediction of bacterial functions showed that the main gene functions of rumen bacteria are associated with carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and membrane transport. The findings of this study suggest that ECP can be used as a superior feed ingredient for ruminants, the suitable level of ECP was 18 g/kg in vitro experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ziyue Ding
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qijian Pu
- Chengdu Mytech Biotech Co., Ltd., Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Benchu Xue
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuangming Yue
- Department of Bioengineering, Sichuan Water Conservancy College, Chengdu 611845, China
| | - Shengtao Guan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bai Xue
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
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