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Graziosi S, Puliga F, Iotti M, Amicucci A, Zambonelli A. In vitro interactions between Bradyrhizobium spp. and Tuber magnatum mycelium. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13271. [PMID: 38692852 PMCID: PMC11062863 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Tuber magnatum is the most expensive truffle, but its large-scale cultivation is still a challenge compared to other valuable Tuber species. T. magnatum mycelium has never been grown profitably until now, which has led to difficulties to studying it in vitro. This study describes beneficial interactions between T. magnatum mycelium and never before described bradyrhizobia, which allows the in vitro growth of T. magnatum mycelium. Three T. magnatum strains were co-isolated on modified Woody Plant Medium (mWPM) with aerobic bacteria and characterised through microscopic observations. The difficulties of growing alone both partners, bacteria and T. magnatum mycelium, on mWPM demonstrated the reciprocal dependency. Three bacterial isolates for each T. magnatum strain were obtained and molecularly characterised by sequencing the 16S rRNA, glnII, recA and nifH genes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that all nine bacterial strains were distributed among five subclades included in a new monophyletic lineage belonging to the Bradyrhizobium genus within the Bradyrhizobium jicamae supergroup. The nifH genes were detected in all bacterial isolates, suggesting nitrogen-fixing capacities. This is the first report of consistent T. magnatum mycelium growth in vitro conditions. It has important implications for the development of new technologies in white truffle cultivation and for further studies on T. magnatum biology and genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Graziosi
- Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Federico Puliga
- Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Mirco Iotti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental ScienceUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
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Vergine M, Vita F, Casati P, Passera A, Ricciardi L, Pavan S, Aprile A, Sabella E, De Bellis L, Luvisi A. Characterization of the olive endophytic community in genotypes displaying a contrasting response to Xylella fastidiosa. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:337. [PMID: 38664617 PMCID: PMC11044560 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04980-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endophytes mediate the interactions between plants and other microorganisms, and the functional aspects of interactions between endophytes and their host that support plant-growth promotion and tolerance to stresses signify the ecological relevance of the endosphere microbiome. In this work, we studied the bacterial and fungal endophytic communities of olive tree (Olea europaea L.) asymptomatic or low symptomatic genotypes sampled in groves heavily compromised by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca, aiming to characterize microbiota in genotypes displaying differential response to the pathogen. RESULTS The relationships between bacterial and fungal genera were analyzed both separately and together, in order to investigate the intricate correlations between the identified Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). Results suggested a dominant role of the fungal endophytic community compared to the bacterial one, and highlighted specific microbial taxa only associated with asymptomatic or low symptomatic genotypes. In addition, they indicated the occurrence of well-adapted genetic resources surviving after years of pathogen pressure in association with microorganisms such as Burkholderia, Quambalaria, Phaffia and Rhodotorula. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to overview endophytic communities associated with several putatively resistant olive genotypes in areas under high X. fastidiosa inoculum pressure. Identifying these negatively correlated genera can offer valuable insights into the potential antagonistic microbial resources and their possible development as biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Vergine
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Federico Vita
- Department of Biology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - Paola Casati
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Passera
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Ricciardi
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Pavan
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Alessio Aprile
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Erika Sabella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Luigi De Bellis
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Andrea Luvisi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Čejka T, Trnka M, Büntgen U. Sustainable cultivation of the white truffle (Tuber magnatum) requires ecological understanding. MYCORRHIZA 2023; 33:291-302. [PMID: 37462722 PMCID: PMC10752849 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01120-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The white truffle (Tuber magnatum Picco.; WT) is the most expensive and arguably also the most delicious species within the genus Tuber. Due to its hidden belowground life cycle, complex host symbiosis, and yet unknown distribution, cultivation of the enigmatic species has only recently been achieved at some plantations in France. A sustainable production of WTs under future climate change, however, requires a better ecological understanding of the species' natural occurrence. Here, we combine information from truffle hunters with a literature review to assess the climatic, edaphic, geographic, and symbiotic characteristics of 231 reported WT sites in southeast Europe. Our meta-study shows that 75% of the WT sites are located outside the species' most famous harvest region, the Piedmont in northern Italy. Spanning a wide geographic range from ~ 37° N in Sicily to ~ 47° N in Hungary, and elevations between sea level in the north and 1000 m asl in the south, all WT sites are characterised by mean winter temperatures > 0.4 °C and summer precipitation totals of ~ 50 mm. Often formed during past flood or landslide events, current soil conditions of the WT sites exhibit pH levels between 6.4 and 8.7, high macroporosity, and a cation exchange capacity of ~ 17 meq/100 g. At least 26 potential host species from 12 genera were reported at the WT sites, with Populus alba and Quercus cerris accounting for 23.5% of all plant species. We expect our findings to contribute to a sustainable WT industry under changing environmental and economic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Čejka
- Department of Climate Change Impacts On Agroecosystems, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Department of Climate Change Impacts On Agroecosystems, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Department of Climate Change Impacts On Agroecosystems, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK
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Bucci A, Monaco P, Naclerio G. Tuber magnatum Picco: the challenge to identify ascoma-associated bacteria as markers for geographic traceability. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1142214. [PMID: 37260692 PMCID: PMC10227511 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1142214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
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Monaco P, Naclerio G, Mello A, Bucci A. Role and potentialities of bacteria associated with Tuber magnatum: A mini-review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1017089. [PMID: 36274685 PMCID: PMC9584545 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1017089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the hypogeous ectomycorrhizal fungi, the white truffle Tuber magnatum Picco is the species of greatest interest, both from an ecological and economic point of view. The increasing market demand of the precious white truffle along with the fall in its natural production led to a growing interest in cultivation techniques and encouraged truffle growers and researchers to deeper investigate factors that could affect and improve T. magnatum productivity. In this context, microbial communities play a central role. Indeed, in the last few years, the hypothesis of a potential link between microbial community composition and truffle orchard productivity is arousing a greater attention. Moreover, since the value of the prized T. magnatum can vary in relation to its provenience, the need to define a reliable tracking system is also emerging and bacteria appear to be a promising tool. Accordingly, the present mini-review summarises the knowledge currently available on T. magnatum microbial communities, focusing on the role of truffle-associated bacteria and highlighting similarities and differences between samples of different origin, to address the following issues: (i) Is there a correlation between microbial taxa and truffle ground productivity? (ii) Can bacteria actually be used as markers of T. magnatum geographic origin? The identification of microorganisms able to promote T. magnatum formation may represent an important advance in the field of truffle farming. Similarly, the detection of bacterial taxa that can be used as markers of T. magnatum origin could have a considerable impact on truffle industry and trade, even at local scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Monaco
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Gino Naclerio
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Antonietta Mello
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Turin Unit, National Research Council, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Bucci
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
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