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Tokuda M, Shintani M. Microbial evolution through horizontal gene transfer by mobile genetic elements. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14408. [PMID: 38226780 PMCID: PMC10832538 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are crucial for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in bacteria and facilitate their rapid evolution and adaptation. MGEs include plasmids, integrative and conjugative elements, transposons, insertion sequences and bacteriophages. Notably, the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which poses a serious threat to public health, is primarily attributable to HGT through MGEs. This mini-review aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms by which MGEs mediate HGT in microbes. Specifically, the behaviour of conjugative plasmids in different environments and conditions was discussed, and recent methodologies for tracing the dynamics of MGEs were summarised. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying HGT and the role of MGEs in bacterial evolution and adaptation is important to develop strategies to combat the spread of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Tokuda
- Department of Environment and Energy Systems, Graduate School of Science and TechnologyShizuoka UniversityHamamatsuJapan
| | - Masaki Shintani
- Department of Environment and Energy Systems, Graduate School of Science and TechnologyShizuoka UniversityHamamatsuJapan
- Research Institute of Green Science and TechnologyShizuoka UniversityHamamatsuJapan
- Japan Collection of MicroorganismsRIKEN BioResource Research CenterIbarakiJapan
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and TechnologyShizuoka UniversityHamamatsuJapan
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Chen H, Zhan Y, Wang L, Xiao Z, Feng D, Chen Z, Liu H, Chen D, Xu Z, Yang L. Co-Occurrence of tet(X4) and blaNDM-5 in Escherichia coli Isolates of Inpatient Origin in Guangzhou, China. Microb Drug Resist 2023. [PMID: 38150703 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2023.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tigecycline, one of the last-resort therapeutic options for complicated infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, especially carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and Acinetobacter in recent years. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes has threatened the effectiveness of antibiotics and public health with the excessive use of antibiotics in clinics. However, the emergence and dissemination of high-level mobile tigecycline-resistance gene tet(X) is challenging for clinical effectiveness of antimicrobial agent. This study aimed to characterize an E. coli strain T43, isolated from an inpatient in a teaching hospital in China. The E. coli T43 was resistant to almost all antimicrobials except colistin and consisted of a 4,774,080 bp chromosome and three plasmids. Plasmids pT43-1 and pT43-2 contained tigecycline-resistance gene tet(X4). Plasmid pT43-1 had a size of 152,423 bp with 51.05% GC content and harbored 151 putative open reading frames. pT43-1 was the largest plasmid in strain T43 and carried numerous resistance genes, especially tigecycline resistance gene tet(X4) and carbapenemase resistance gene blaNDM-5. The tet(X) gene was associated with IS26. Co-occurrence of numerous resistance genes in a single plasmid possibly contributed to the dissemination of these genes under antibiotics stress. It might explain the presence of clinically crucial resistance genes tet(X) and blaNDM-5 in clinics. This study suggested the applicable use of antibiotics and continued surveillance of tet(X) and blaNDM-5 in clinics are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhirou Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghua Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhemei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingqiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenbo Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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