1
|
Pogoreutz C, Ziegler M. Frenemies on the reef? Resolving the coral-Endozoicomonas association. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:422-434. [PMID: 38216372 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Stony corals are poster child holobionts due to their intimate association with diverse microorganisms from all domains of life. We are only beginning to understand the diverse functions of most of these microbial associates, including potential main contributors to holobiont health and resilience. Among these, bacteria of the elusive genus Endozoicomonas are widely perceived as beneficial symbionts based on their genomic potential and their high prevalence and ubiquitous presence in coral tissues. Simultaneously, evidence of pathogenic and parasitic Endozoicomonas lineages in other marine animals is emerging. Synthesizing the current knowledge on the association of Endozoicomonas with marine holobionts, we challenge the perception of a purely mutualistic coral-Endozoicomonas relationship and propose directions to elucidate its role along the symbiotic spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pogoreutz
- EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France.
| | - Maren Ziegler
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Morrison SK, Erwin PM, López‐Legentil S. Effects of color variation and physiological state on ascidian microbiomes. Microbiologyopen 2024; 13:e1405. [PMID: 38481089 PMCID: PMC10938030 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Ascidians, known for their color variation, host species-specific microbial symbiont communities. Some ascidians can also transition into a nonfiltering (resting) physiological state. Recent studies suggest that the microbial symbiont communities may vary across different physiological states and color morphs of the host. The colonial ascidian, Polyclinum constellatum, which exhibits several color morphs in the Caribbean Sea, periodically ceases its filtering activity. To investigate if color variation in P. constellatum is indicative of sibling speciation, we sequenced fragments of the ribosomal 18S rRNA and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I genes. Additionally, we sequenced a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the microbial communities of two common color morphs (red and green) in colonies that were either actively filtering (active) or nonfiltering (resting). Phylogenetic analyses of both ascidian genes resulted in well-supported monophyletic clades encompassing all color variants of P. constellatum. Interestingly, no significant differences were observed among the microbial communities of the green and red morphs, suggesting that color variation in this species is a result of intraspecific variation. However, the host's physiological state significantly influenced the microbial community structure. Nonfiltering (resting) colonies hosted higher relative abundances of Kiloniella (Alphaproteobacteria) and Fangia (Gammaproteobacteria), while filtering colonies hosted more Reugeria (Alphaproteobacteria) and Endozoicomonas (Gammaproteobacteria). This study demonstrates that microbial symbiont communities serve as reliable indicators of the taxonomic state of their host and are strongly influenced by the host's feeding condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K. Morrison
- Department of Biology & Marine Biology, Center for Marine ScienceUniversity of North Carolina WilmingtonWilmingtonNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Patrick M. Erwin
- Department of Biology & Marine Biology, Center for Marine ScienceUniversity of North Carolina WilmingtonWilmingtonNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Susanna López‐Legentil
- Department of Biology & Marine Biology, Center for Marine ScienceUniversity of North Carolina WilmingtonWilmingtonNorth CarolinaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kültz D, Gardell AM, DeTomaso A, Stoney G, Rinkevich B, Rinkevich Y, Qarri A, Dong W, Luu B, Lin M. Deep quantitative proteomics of North American Pacific coast star tunicate (Botryllus schlosseri). Proteomics 2024:e2300628. [PMID: 38400697 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Botryllus schlosseri, is a model marine invertebrate for studying immunity, regeneration, and stress-induced evolution. Conditions for validating its predicted proteome were optimized using nanoElute® 2 deep-coverage LCMS, revealing up to 4930 protein groups and 20,984 unique peptides per sample. Spectral libraries were generated and filtered to remove interferences, low-quality transitions, and only retain proteins with >3 unique peptides. The resulting DIA assay library enabled label-free quantitation of 3426 protein groups represented by 22,593 unique peptides. Quantitative comparisons of single systems from a laboratory-raised with two field-collected populations revealed (1) a more unique proteome in the laboratory-raised population, and (2) proteins with high/low individual variabilities in each population. DNA repair/replication, ion transport, and intracellular signaling processes were distinct in laboratory-cultured colonies. Spliceosome and Wnt signaling proteins were the least variable (highly functionally constrained) in all populations. In conclusion, we present the first colonial tunicate's deep quantitative proteome analysis, identifying functional protein clusters associated with laboratory conditions, different habitats, and strong versus relaxed abundance constraints. These results empower research on B. schlosseri with proteomics resources and enable quantitative molecular phenotyping of changes associated with transfer from in situ to ex situ and from in vivo to in vitro culture conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Kültz
- Department of Animal Sciences & Genome Center, University of California Davis, Meyer Hall, Davis, California, USA
| | - Alison M Gardell
- School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - Anthony DeTomaso
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Goleta, California, USA
| | - Greg Stoney
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Goleta, California, USA
| | - Baruch Rinkevich
- Israel Oceanography & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Regenerative Biology and Medicine Institute, Munich, Germany
| | - Andy Qarri
- Israel Oceanography & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Regenerative Biology and Medicine Institute, Munich, Germany
| | - Weizhen Dong
- Department of Animal Sciences & Genome Center, University of California Davis, Meyer Hall, Davis, California, USA
| | - Brenda Luu
- Department of Animal Sciences & Genome Center, University of California Davis, Meyer Hall, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mandy Lin
- Department of Animal Sciences & Genome Center, University of California Davis, Meyer Hall, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qarri A, Rinkevich B. Transient impacts of UV-B irradiation on whole body regeneration in a colonial urochordate. Dev Biol 2023; 503:83-94. [PMID: 37619713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Within the chordates, only some colonial ascidians experience whole body regeneration (WBR), where amputated small colonial fragments containing blood-vessels have the capability to regenerate the entire functional adult zooid within 1-3 weeks. Studying WBR in small colonial fragments taken at different blastogenic stages (the weekly developmental process characteristic to botryllid ascidians) from the ascidian Botrylloides leachii, about half of the fragments were able to complete regeneration (cWBR) three weeks following separation, about half were still in uncomplete, running regeneration (rWBR), and only a small percentage died. cWBR significantly increased in fragments that originated from a late blastogenic stage compared to an early stage. Most B. leachii populations reside in shallow waters, under variable daily natural UV irradiation, and it is of interest to elucidate irradiation effects on development and regeneration. Here, we show that UV-B irradiation resulted in enhanced mortality, with abnormal morphological changes in surviving fragments, yet with non-significant cWBR vs. rWBRs. Further, UV-B irradiation influenced the proportion of blood cells (morula cells, hemoblasts) and of multinucleated cells, a new WBR-associated cell type. At 24-h post-amputation we observed enhanced expression of β-catenin (a signaling pathway that plays indispensable roles in cell renewal and regeneration), H3 and PCNA in all cell types of non-irradiated as compared to irradiated fragments. These elevated levels were considerably reduced 9-days later. Since WBR is a highly complex phenomenon, the employment of specific experimental conditions, as UV-B irradiation, alongside blastogenesis (the weekly developmental process), elucidates undisclosed facets of this unique biological occurrence such as transient expression of signature genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Qarri
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, POB 9753, Tel Shikmona 3109701, Haifa, Israel; The Department of Maritime Civilizations, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel.
| | - Baruch Rinkevich
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, POB 9753, Tel Shikmona 3109701, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|