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Jayan JN, Kim HS, Srinivasan S, Kim HS, Yu JY, Lee SS. Gilvirhabdus luticola gen. nov., sp. nov., a mesophilic and halophilic bacterium isolated from tidal flat sediment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74. [PMID: 39207221 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Two novel bacteria, MJ-SS3T and MJ-SS4, were isolated from tidal flat sediment sampled in Gochang, Republic of Korea. The isolates were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, yellow-coloured, oxidase-positive, and catalase-positive. Strains MJ-SS3T and MJ-SS4 grew at 20-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6-8 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.0 % NaCl). Strains MJ-SS3T and MJ-SS4 showed 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Phylogenetic analysis based on genome and 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains MJ-SS3T and MJ-SS4 were affiliated with the family Flavobacteriaceae and most closely related to Formosa maritima 1494T (95.3 %), Hanstruepera flava NBU2984T (95.2 %), Yeosuana marina JLT21T (95.2 %), Meridianimaribacter flavus NH57NT (95.1 %), and Geojedonia litorea YCS-16T (95.1 %). The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6. The major identified polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and amino lipids. The major cellular fatty acids of strain MJ-SS3T were iso-C15 : 1 G (24.6 %), iso-C15 : 0 (21.6 %), and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (15.8 %). The genome length of strain MJ-SS3T is 3.1 Mbp (DNA G+C content, 32.5 mol%) and it has 2822 coding and 59 tRNA genes. The average amino acid identity and average nucleotide identity values, as well as biochemical, phylogenetic, and physiological characteristics, strongly supported the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strains MJ-SS3T and MJ-SS4 from other members of the family Flavobacteriaceae. Hence, strains MJ-SS3T and MJ-SS4 are considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the Gilvirhabdus luticola gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MJ-SS3T (=KCTC 102114T=KEMB 20189T=JCM 36595T), with reference strain MJ-SS4 (=KCTC 102115=KEMB 20190).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaincy N Jayan
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Natural Science Campus, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Su Kim
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Sathiyaraj Srinivasan
- Department of Bio and Environmental Technology, Seoul Women's University, Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seop Kim
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yon Yu
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Natural Science Campus, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Seob Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Natural Science Campus, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
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Hassan S, Mushtaq M, Ganiee SA, Zaman M, Yaseen A, Shah AJ, Ganai BA. Microbial oases in the ice: A state-of-the-art review on cryoconite holes as diversity hotspots and their scientific connotations. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118963. [PMID: 38640991 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Cryoconite holes, small meltwater pools on the surface of glaciers and ice sheets, represent extremely cold ecosystems teeming with diverse microbial life. Cryoconite holes exhibit greater susceptibility to the impacts of climate change, underlining the imperative nature of investigating microbial communities as an essential module of polar and alpine ecosystem monitoring efforts. Microbes in cryoconite holes play a critical role in nutrient cycling and can produce bioactive compounds, holding promise for industrial and pharmaceutical innovation. Understanding microbial diversity in these delicate ecosystems is essential for effective conservation strategies. Therefore, this review discusses the microbial diversity in these extreme environments, aiming to unveil the complexity of their microbial communities. The current study envisages that cryoconite holes as distinctive ecosystems encompass a multitude of taxonomically diverse and functionally adaptable microorganisms that exhibit a rich microbial diversity and possess intricate ecological functions. By investigating microbial diversity and ecological functions of cryoconite holes, this study aims to contribute valuable insights into the broader field of environmental microbiology and enhance further understanding of these ecosystems. This review seeks to provide a holistic overview regarding the formation, evolution, characterization, and molecular adaptations of cryoconite holes. Furthermore, future research directions and challenges underlining the need for long-term monitoring, and ethical considerations in preserving these pristine environments are also provided. Addressing these challenges and resolutely pursuing future research directions promises to enrich our comprehension of microbial diversity within cryoconite holes, revealing the broader ecological and biogeochemical implications. The inferences derived from the present study will provide researchers, ecologists, and policymakers with a profound understanding of the significance and utility of cryoconite holes in unveiling the microbial diversity and its potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Hassan
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India.
| | - Misba Mushtaq
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Shahid Ahmad Ganiee
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Muzafar Zaman
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Aarif Yaseen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Abdul Jalil Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India.
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Choudhary P, Bhatt S, Chatterjee S. From freezing to functioning: cellular strategies of cold-adapted bacteria for surviving in extreme environments. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:329. [PMID: 38940837 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The ability of cold-adapted bacteria to survive in extreme cold and diverse temperatures is due to their unique attributes like cell membrane stability, up-regulation of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, increased production of extracellular polymeric substances, and expansion of membrane pigment. Various cold-adapted proteins, including ice-nucleating proteins (INPs), antifreeze proteins (AFPs), cold shock proteins (Csps), and cold-acclimated proteins (CAPs), help the bacteria to survive in these environments. To sustain cells from extreme cold conditions and maintain stability in temperature fluctuations, survival strategies at the molecular level and their mechanism play significant roles in adaptations in cryospheric conditions. Furthermore, cold shock domains present in the multifunctional cold shock proteins play crucial roles in their adaptation strategies. The considerable contribution of lipopeptides, osmolytes, and membrane pigments plays an integral part in their survival in extreme environments. This review summarizes the evolutionary history of cold-adapted bacteria and their molecular and cellular adaptation strategies to thrive in harsh cold environments. It also discusses the importance of carotenoids produced, lipid composition, cryoprotectants, proteins, and chaperones related to this adaptation. Furthermore, the functions and mechanisms of adaptations within the cell are discussed briefly. One can utilize and explore their potential in various biotechnology applications and their evolutionary journey by knowing the inherent mechanism of their molecular and cellular adaptation to cold climatic conditions. This review will help all branches of the life science community understand the basic microbiology of psychrophiles and their hidden prospect in life science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Choudhary
- Bioremediation and Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Academic Block-Shahpur, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Sunidhi Bhatt
- Bioremediation and Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Academic Block-Shahpur, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Subhankar Chatterjee
- Bioremediation and Metabolomics Research Group, Dept. of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605014, India.
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Yu Y, Guo Q, Zhang S, Guan Y, Jiang N, Zhang Y, Mao R, Bai K, Buriyev S, Samatov N, Zhang X, Yang W. Maize residue retention shapes soil microbial communities and co-occurrence networks upon freeze-thawing cycles. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17543. [PMID: 38887621 PMCID: PMC11182024 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Maize residue retention is an effective agricultural practice for improving soil fertility in black soil region, where suffered from long freezing-thawing periods and intense freeze-thawing (FT) cycles. However, very few studies have examined the influence of maize residue retention on soil microbial communities under FT cycles. We investigated the response of soil microbial communities and co-occurrence networks to maize residue retention at different FT intensities over 12 cycles using a microcosm experiment conditioned in a temperature incubator. Our results indicated that maize residue retention induced dramatic shifts in soil archaeal, bacterial and fungal communities towards copiotroph-dominated communities. Maize residue retention consistently reduced soil fungal richness across all cycles, but this effect was weaker for archaea and bacteria. Normalized stochastic ratio analysis revealed that maize residue retention significantly enhanced the deterministic process of archaeal, bacterial and fungal communities. Although FT intensity significantly impacted soil respiration, it did not induce profound changes in soil microbial diversity and community composition. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that maize residue retention simplified prokaryotic network, while did not impact fungal network complexity. The network robustness index suggested that maize residue retention enhanced the fungal network stability, but reduced prokaryotic network stability. Moreover, the fungal network in severe FT treatment harbored the most abundant keystone taxa, mainly being cold-adapted fungi. By identifying modules in networks, we observed that prokaryotic Module #1 and fungal Module #3 were enhanced by maize residue retention and contributed greatly to soil quality. Together, our results showed that maize residue retention exerted stronger influence on soil microbial communities and co-occurrence network patterns than FT intensity and highlighted the potential of microbial interactions in improving soil functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Quankuan Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuhan Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yupeng Guan
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nana Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rong Mao
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Keyu Bai
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Salimjan Buriyev
- Institute of Environment and Nature Conservation Technologies of the Ministry of Ecology, Environmental Protection, and Climate Change of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Nuriddin Samatov
- Institute of Environment and Nature Conservation Technologies of the Ministry of Ecology, Environmental Protection, and Climate Change of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Ximei Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Bruna P, Núñez-Montero K, Contreras MJ, Leal K, García M, Abanto M, Barrientos L. Biosynthetic gene clusters with biotechnological applications in novel Antarctic isolates from Actinomycetota. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:325. [PMID: 38717668 PMCID: PMC11078813 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Actinomycetota have been widely described as valuable sources for the acquisition of secondary metabolites. Most microbial metabolites are produced via metabolic pathways encoded by biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Although many secondary metabolites are not essential for the survival of bacteria, they play an important role in their adaptation and interactions within microbial communities. This is how bacteria isolated from extreme environments such as Antarctica could facilitate the discovery of new BGCs with biotechnological potential. This study aimed to isolate rare Actinomycetota strains from Antarctic soil and sediment samples and identify their metabolic potential based on genome mining and exploration of biosynthetic gene clusters. To this end, the strains were sequenced using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technologies platforms. The assemblies were annotated and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Finally, the BGCs present in each genome were identified using the antiSMASH tool, and the biosynthetic diversity of the Micrococcaceae family was evaluated. Taxonomic annotation revealed that seven strains were new and two were previously reported in the NCBI database. Additionally, BGCs encoding type III polyketide synthases (T3PKS), beta-lactones, siderophores, and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) have been identified, among others. In addition, the sequence similarity network showed a predominant type of BGCs in the family Micrococcaceae, and some genera were distinctly grouped. The BGCs identified in the isolated strains could be associated with applications such as antimicrobials, anticancer agents, and plant growth promoters, among others, positioning them as excellent candidates for future biotechnological applications and innovations. KEY POINTS: • Novel Antarctic rare Actinomycetota strains were isolated from soil and sediments • Genome-based taxonomic affiliation revealed seven potentially novel species • Genome mining showed metabolic potential for novel natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bruna
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Biorecursos (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Kattia Núñez-Montero
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Avenida Alemania 1090, Temuco, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - María José Contreras
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Avenida Alemania 1090, Temuco, Chile
| | - Karla Leal
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Avenida Alemania 1090, Temuco, Chile
| | - Matías García
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Biorecursos (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
- Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Michel Abanto
- Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Biorecursos (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Leticia Barrientos
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Avenida Alemania 1090, Temuco, Chile.
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Nagoth JA, John MS, Ramasamy KP, Mancini A, Zannotti M, Piras S, Giovannetti R, Rathnam L, Miceli C, Biondini MC, Pucciarelli S. Synthesis of Bioactive Nickel Nanoparticles Using Bacterial Strains from an Antarctic Consortium. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:89. [PMID: 38393060 PMCID: PMC10890439 DOI: 10.3390/md22020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine microorganisms have been demonstrated to be an important source for bioactive molecules. In this paper we report the synthesis of Ni nanoparticles (NiSNPs) used as reducing and capping agents for five bacterial strains isolated from an Antarctic marine consortium: Marinomonas sp. ef1, Rhodococcus sp. ef1, Pseudomonas sp. ef1, Brevundimonas sp. ef1, and Bacillus sp. ef1. The NiSNPs were characterized by Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis. The maximum absorbances in the UV-Vis spectra were in the range of 374 nm to 422 nm, corresponding to the Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of Nickel. DLS revealed NiSNPs with sizes between 40 and 45 nm. All NiSNPs were polycrystalline with a face-centered cubic lattice, as revealed by XRD analyses. The NiSNPs zeta potential values were highly negative. TEM analysis showed that the NiSNPs were either spherical or rod shaped, well segregated, and with a size between 20 and 50 nm. The FTIR spectra revealed peaks of amino acid and protein binding to the NiSNPs. Finally, all the NiSNPs possess significant antimicrobial activity, which may play an important role in the management of infectious diseases affecting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Amruthraj Nagoth
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (J.A.N.); (M.S.J.); (K.P.R.); (A.M.); (C.M.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Maria Sindhura John
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (J.A.N.); (M.S.J.); (K.P.R.); (A.M.); (C.M.); (M.C.B.)
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kesava Priyan Ramasamy
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (J.A.N.); (M.S.J.); (K.P.R.); (A.M.); (C.M.); (M.C.B.)
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alessio Mancini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (J.A.N.); (M.S.J.); (K.P.R.); (A.M.); (C.M.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Marco Zannotti
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.Z.); (S.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Sara Piras
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.Z.); (S.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Rita Giovannetti
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.Z.); (S.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Lydia Rathnam
- Department of Physics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India;
| | - Cristina Miceli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (J.A.N.); (M.S.J.); (K.P.R.); (A.M.); (C.M.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Maria Chiara Biondini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (J.A.N.); (M.S.J.); (K.P.R.); (A.M.); (C.M.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Sandra Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (J.A.N.); (M.S.J.); (K.P.R.); (A.M.); (C.M.); (M.C.B.)
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Tortorella A, Oliva R, Giancola C, Petraccone L, Winter R. Bacterial model membranes under the harsh subsurface conditions of Mars. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:760-769. [PMID: 37862004 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03911k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Biomembranes are a key component of all living systems. Most research on membranes is restricted to ambient physiological conditions. However, the influence of extreme conditions, such as the deep subsurface on Earth or extraterrestrial environments, is less well understood. The deep subsurface of Mars is thought to harbour high concentrations of chaotropic salts in brines, yet we know little about how these conditions would influence the habitability of such environments. Here, we investigated the combined effects of high concentrations of Mars-relevant salts, including sodium and magnesium perchlorate and sulphate, and high hydrostatic pressure on the stability, structure, and function of a bacterial model membrane. To this end, several biophysical techniques have been employed, including calorimetry, fluorescence and CD spectroscopy, confocal microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering. We demonstrate that sulphate and perchlorate salts affect the properties of the membrane differently, depending on the counterion present (Na+vs. Mg2+). We found that the perchlorates, which are believed to be abundant salts in the Martian environment, induce a more hydrated and less ordered membrane, strongly favouring the physiologically relevant fluid-like phase of the membrane even under high-pressure stress. Moreover, we show that the activity of the phospholipase A2 is strongly modulated by both high pressure and salt. Compellingly, in the presence of the chaotropic perchlorate, the enzymatic reaction proceeded at a reasonable rate even in the presence of condensing Mg2+ and at high pressure, suggesting that bacterial membranes could still persist when challenged to function in such a highly stressed Martian environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Tortorella
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM), Via Mezzocannone 4, 80138, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosario Oliva
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Concetta Giancola
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Petraccone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Roland Winter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biophysical Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
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