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Bai H, Zhang H, Wang C, Lambo MT, Li Y, Zhang Y. Effects of altering the ratio of C16:0 and cis-9 C18:1 in rumen bypass fat on growth performance, lipid metabolism, intestinal barrier, cecal microbiota, and inflammation in fattening bulls. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:94. [PMID: 38971799 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND C16:0 and cis-9 C18:1 may have different effects on animal growth and health due to unique metabolism in vivo. This study was investigated to explore the different effects of altering the ratio of C16:0 and cis-9 C18:1 in fat supplements on growth performance, lipid metabolism, intestinal barrier, cecal microbiota, and inflammation in fattening bulls. Thirty finishing Angus bulls (626 ± 69 kg, 21 ± 0.5 months) were divided into 3 treatments according to the randomized block design: (1) control diet without additional fat (CON), (2) CON + 2.5% palmitic acid calcium salt (PA, 90% C16:0), and (3) CON + 2.5% mixed fatty acid calcium salt (MA, 60% C16:0 + 30% cis-9 C18:1). The experiment lasted for 104 d, after which all the bulls were slaughtered and sampled for analysis. RESULTS MA tended to reduce 0-52 d dry matter intake compared to PA (DMI, P = 0.052). Compared with CON and MA, PA significantly increased 0-52 d average daily gain (ADG, P = 0.027). PA tended to improve the 0-52 d feed conversion rate compared with CON (FCR, P = 0.088). Both PA and MA had no significant effect on 52-104 days of DMI, ADG and FCR (P > 0.05). PA tended to improve plasma triglycerides compared with MA (P = 0.077), significantly increased plasma cholesterol (P = 0.002) and tended to improve subcutaneous adipose weight (P = 0.066) when compared with CON and MA. Both PA and MA increased visceral adipose weight compared with CON (P = 0.021). Only PA increased the colonization of Rikenellaceae, Ruminococcus and Proteobacteria in the cecum, and MA increased Akkermansia abundance (P < 0.05). Compared with CON, both PA and MA down-regulated the mRNA expression of Claudin-1 in the jejunum (P < 0.001), increased plasma diamine oxidase (DAO, P < 0.001) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, P = 0.045). Compared with CON and MA, PA down-regulated the ZO-1 in the jejunum (P < 0.001) and increased plasma LPS-binding protein (LBP, P < 0.001). Compared with CON, only PA down-regulated the Occludin in the jejunum (P = 0.013). Compared with CON, PA and MA significantly up-regulated the expression of TLR-4 and NF-κB in the visceral adipose (P < 0.001) and increased plasma IL-6 (P < 0.001). Compared with CON, only PA up-regulated the TNF-α in the visceral adipose (P = 0.01). Compared with CON and MA, PA up-regulated IL-6 in the visceral adipose (P < 0.001), increased plasma TNF-α (P < 0.001), and reduced the IgG content in plasma (P = 0.035). Compared with CON, PA and MA increased C16:0 in subcutaneous fat and longissimus dorsi muscle (P < 0.05), while more C16:0 was also deposited by extension and desaturation into C18:0 and cis-9 C18:1. However, neither PA nor MA affected the content of cis-9 C18:1 in longissimus dorsi muscle compared with CON (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS MA containing 30% cis-9 C18:1 reduced the risk of high C16:0 dietary fat induced subcutaneous fat obesity, adipose tissue and systemic low-grade inflammation by accelerating fatty acid oxidative utilization, improving colonization of Akkermansia, reducing intestinal barrier damage, and down-regulating NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haosheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Congwen Wang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Modinat Tolani Lambo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Wang K, Wang Y, Gu L, Yu J, Liu Q, Zhang R, Liang G, Chen H, Gu F, Liu H, Jiao X, Zhang Y. Characterization of Probiotic Properties and Whole-Genome Analysis of Lactobacillus johnsonii N5 and N7 Isolated from Swine. Microorganisms 2024; 12:672. [PMID: 38674616 PMCID: PMC11052194 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In our previous microbiome profiling analysis, Lactobacillus (L.) johnsonii was suggested to contribute to resistance against chronic heat stress-induced diarrhea in weaned piglets. Forty-nine L. johnsonii strains were isolated from these heat stress-resistant piglets, and their probiotic properties were assessed. Strains N5 and N7 exhibited a high survival rate in acidic and bile environments, along with an antagonistic effect against Salmonella. To identify genes potentially involved in these observed probiotic properties, the complete genome sequences of N5 and N7 were determined using a combination of Illumina and nanopore sequencing. The genomes of strains N5 and N7 were found to be highly conserved, with two N5-specific and four N7-specific genes identified. Multiple genes involved in gastrointestinal environment adaptation and probiotic properties, including acidic and bile stress tolerance, anti-inflammation, CAZymes, and utilization and biosynthesis of carbohydrate compounds, were identified in both genomes. Comparative genome analysis of the two genomes and 17 available complete L. johnsonii genomes revealed 101 genes specifically harbored by strains N5 and N7, several of which were implicated in potential probiotic properties. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the genetic basis of niche adaptation and probiotic properties, as well as the genome diversity of L. johnsonii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.W.); (Y.W.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (G.L.); (H.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.G.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.W.); (Y.W.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (G.L.); (H.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.G.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lifang Gu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.W.); (Y.W.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (G.L.); (H.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.G.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jinyan Yu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.W.); (Y.W.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (G.L.); (H.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.G.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.W.); (Y.W.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (G.L.); (H.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.G.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.W.); (Y.W.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (G.L.); (H.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.G.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guixin Liang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.W.); (Y.W.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (G.L.); (H.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.G.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.W.); (Y.W.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (G.L.); (H.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.G.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fang Gu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.G.); (H.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Haoyu Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.G.); (H.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xin’an Jiao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.W.); (Y.W.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (G.L.); (H.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.G.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yunzeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.W.); (Y.W.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (G.L.); (H.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (F.G.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Wu R, Luan J, Hu J, Li Z. Effect of probiotics on pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024:10.1007/s00404-023-07346-5. [PMID: 38236281 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent complication during pregnancy associated with numerous adverse outcomes. There is emerging evidence suggesting the potential of probiotics as a therapeutic measure for GDM; however, existing studies have yielded contradictory results. This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy of probiotics on blood glucose management and pregnancy outcomes in patients with GDM. METHODS A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was conducted up to August 22, 2023, to identify relevant studies. The primary outcomes focused on fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin (FSI), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). The secondary outcomes included various maternal and neonatal outcomes. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), encompassing 1006 patients with GDM. The results showed that, compared to a placebo, probiotics demonstrated a significant reduction in FBG (MD - 2.58, 95% CI - 4.38 to - 0.79, p < 0.01), FSI (MD - 2.29, 95% CI - 3.40 to - 1.18, p < 0.01), HOMA-IR (MD - 0.56, 95% CI - 0.81 to - 0.32, p < 0.01), and birth weight (MD - 101.20, 95% CI - 184.62 to - 17.77, p = 0.02). Furthermore, it resulted in fewer neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.40-0.89, p = 0.01), instances of hyperbilirubinemia (RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.16-0.61, p < 0.01), and elevated QUICKI (MD 0.01, 95% CI 0.00-0.01, p < 0.01). No significant impact was observed in the other analyzed outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, probiotics improve FBG, FSI, and HOMA-IR, and reduce the occurrence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, NICU admissions, and birth weight in the offspring of patients with GDM. However, the quality of the evidence, as per the GRADE approach, varies from high to low, necessitating further studies to consolidate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiasi Luan
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juanjuan Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zuojing Li
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
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Kang K, Deng X, Xie W, Chen J, Lin H, Chen Z. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa ZTHY2 Attenuates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3376. [PMID: 37958131 PMCID: PMC10648412 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (R. mucilaginosa) can enhance the immune and antioxidant function of the body. However, whether R. mucilaginosa has an immunoregulatory effect on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed animals remains to be clarified. In this study, the R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 that we isolated from the coastal waters of the South China Sea previously was prepared in order to investigate its immunoprotective effect on CTX-induced immunosuppression in mice, and the effects were compared to those of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) (a well-known probiotic). Seventy-two male SPF mice were divided into six groups: The C group (control); IM group (immunosuppressive model group) (+CTX); Rl, Rm, and Rh groups (+CTX+low, medium, and high concentration of R. mucilaginosa, respectively); and PC (positive control) group (+CTX+LA). After a 28-day feeding trial, blood samples were taken for biochemical and serum immunological analysis, and the thymus and spleen were collected to analyze the organ index, lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, and antioxidant capacity. The findings showed that R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 improved the spleen and thymus indices, effectively attenuated immune organ atrophy caused by CTX, and enhanced the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes induced by ConA and LPS. R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 promoted the secretion of cytokines and immunoglobulins and significantly increased the contents of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IgA, IgG, IgM, CD4, CD8, CD19, and CD20 in serum. The proportion of CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, and CD20+ lymphocytes in spleen, thymus, and mesenteric lymph nodes were increased. In addition, R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased glutathione (GSH), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels. Our results indicated that R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 can significantly enhance the immune function of immunosuppressed mice, and improving antioxidant capacity thus attenuates CTX-induced immunosuppression and immune organ atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (K.K.); (X.D.); (W.X.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Xinyi Deng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (K.K.); (X.D.); (W.X.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Weitian Xie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (K.K.); (X.D.); (W.X.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Jinjun Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (K.K.); (X.D.); (W.X.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongying Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (K.K.); (X.D.); (W.X.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Zhibao Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (K.K.); (X.D.); (W.X.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
- South China Branch of National Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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