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Ruan YN, Nong C, Jintrawet A, Fan H, Fu L, Zheng SJ, Li S, Wang ZY. A smooth vetch ( Vicia villosa var.) strain endogenous to the broad-spectrum antagonist Bacillus siamensis JSZ06 alleviates banana wilt disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1410197. [PMID: 38978518 PMCID: PMC11229777 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1410197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4), poses a significant threat to banana production globally, thereby necessitating effective biocontrol methods to manage this devastating disease. This study investigates the potential of Bacillus siamensis strain JSZ06, isolated from smooth vetch, as a biocontrol agent against Foc TR4. To this end, we conducted a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments to evaluate the antifungal activity of strain JSZ06 and its crude extracts. Additionally, genomic analyses were performed to identify antibiotic synthesis genes, while metabolomic profiling was conducted to characterize bioactive compounds. The results demonstrated that strain JSZ06 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against Foc TR4, significantly reducing mycelial growth and spore germination. Moreover, scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed substantial ultrastructural damage to Foc TR4 mycelia treated with JSZ06 extracts. Genomic analysis identified several antibiotic synthesis genes, and metabolomic profiling revealed numerous antifungal metabolites. Furthermore, in pot trials, the application of JSZ06 fermentation broth significantly enhanced banana plant growth and reduced disease severity, achieving biocontrol efficiencies of 76.71% and 79.25% for leaves and pseudostems, respectively. In conclusion, Bacillus siamensis JSZ06 is a promising biocontrol agent against Fusarium wilt in bananas, with its dual action of direct antifungal activity and plant growth promotion underscoring its potential for integrated disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Nan Ruan
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming Universities, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Caihong Nong
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming Universities, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | | | - Huacai Fan
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Libo Fu
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Si-Jun Zheng
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shu Li
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Yang L, Yang Q, Wulu J, Wang Y, Jin W, Yan Z, Zhang Z. Quality analysis and function prediction of soil microbial communities of Polygonatum cyrtonema in two indigenous-origins. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1410501. [PMID: 38881668 PMCID: PMC11176499 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1410501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (PCH), as an important economic crop, is used as raw industrial materials and traditional Chinese medicine. There are significant variations in the quality of PCH from different geographical origins. It can be due to the change of the endophytic fungi and soil microbial communities of PCH. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the composition and functional prediction of the main microbial communities in the rhizomes and soil of PCH and explore their impact on medicinal quality. High-throughput sequencing techniques targeting ITS and 16S rDNA were employed to compare the structure and biodiversity differences of endophytic fungi in the rhizomes and soil microbial communities of PCH from 12 different locations in Sichuan and Guangxi province. Heatmap analysis was used for comprehensive statistics and visualization of the richness of rhizome and soil microbial communities from all locations. Venn analysis was conducted to determine the total number of shared fungi between rhizomes and soil, and GraphPad Prism analysis was employed to predict and compare the microbial communities related to phenotypes at the genus level in Sichuan and Guangxi. Tax4Fun and Fungild were used for metabolic function prediction of microbial communities in the rhizomes and soil of PCH. The results revealed the identification of 19,387 bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in the rhizomes and 37,990 bacterial ASVs in the soil, with 6,889 shared bacterial ASVs. In addition, 2,948 fungal ASVs were identified in the rhizomes and 8,868 in the soil, with 1,893 shared fungal ASVs. Microbial sequencing results indicated that the fungal communities between soil and rhizomes were mainly composed of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, while bacterial communities included Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidota, Gammatimonadota, and Firmicutes. Dominant bacterial groups such as Nitrospira, Acidibacter, and fungal groups including Mortierella, Ceratobasidium, and Fusarium were identified as potential contributors to the observed traits. In the top 15 microbial genera, both Sichuan and Guangxi contain 15 bacterial genera, but there are differences in their abundance. Guangxi has three unique fungal genera, including the genera Scleroderma, Russula, and Gliocladiopsis. On the other hand, Sichuan has the unique fungal genus Chamaeota. The correlation analysis between the microbiota and the chemical content from 12 different collecting spots was performed by GraphPad Prism. Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, Acidibacter, and Amycolatopsis show an inverse proportionality to total polysaccharides and saponins, while Enterobacter shows a direct proportionality to total polysaccharides and inverse proportionality to saponins. The metabolism pathways show a significant positive correlation with PCH polysaccharides and saponins. This study provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the quality differences between the two major indigenous areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiansang Wulu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenfang Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhigang Yan
- National Engineering Institute for the Research and Development of Endangered Medicinal Resources in Southwest China, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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Fan Y, Shi B. Endophytic Fungi from the Four Staple Crops and Their Secondary Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6057. [PMID: 38892244 PMCID: PMC11173346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are present in every plant, and crops are no exception. There are more than 50,000 edible plant species on the planet, but only 15 crops provide 90 percent of the global energy intake, and "the big four"-wheat, rice, maize and potato-are staples for about 5 billion people. Not only do the four staple crops contribute to global food security, but the endophytic fungi within their plant tissues are complex ecosystems that have been under scrutiny. This review presents an outline of the endophytic fungi and their secondary metabolites in four staple crops: wheat, rice, maize and potato. A total of 292 endophytic fungi were identified from the four major crops, with wheat having the highest number of 157 endophytic fungi. Potato endophytic fungi had the highest number of secondary metabolites, totaling 204 compounds, compared with only 23 secondary metabolites from the other three crops containing endophytic fungi. Some of the compounds are those with specific structural and pharmacological activities, which may be beneficial to agrochemistry and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baobao Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China;
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Rungjindamai N, Jones EBG. Why Are There So Few Basidiomycota and Basal Fungi as Endophytes? A Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:67. [PMID: 38248976 PMCID: PMC10820240 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A review of selected studies on fungal endophytes confirms the paucity of Basidiomycota and basal fungi, with almost 90% attributed to Ascomycota. Reasons for the low number of Basidiomycota and basal fungi, including the Chytridiomycota, Mucoromycota, and Mortierellomycota, are advanced, including isolation procedure and media, incubation period and the slow growth of basidiomycetes, the identification of non-sporulating isolates, endophyte competition, and fungus-host interactions. We compare the detection of endophytes through culture-dependent methods and culture-independent methods, the role of fungi on senescence of the host plant, and next-generation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattawut Rungjindamai
- Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - E. B. Gareth Jones
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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