1
|
Bishop EL, Gudgeon N, Fulton-Ward T, Stavrou V, Roberts J, Boufersaoui A, Tennant DA, Hewison M, Raza K, Dimeloe S. TNF-α signals through ITK-Akt-mTOR to drive CD4 + T cell metabolic reprogramming, which is dysregulated in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadg5678. [PMID: 38652761 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adg5678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Upon activation, T cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to meet the bioenergetic demands of clonal expansion and effector function. Because dysregulated T cell cytokine production and metabolic phenotypes coexist in chronic inflammatory disease, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we investigated whether inflammatory cytokines released by differentiating T cells amplified their metabolic changes. We found that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) released by human naïve CD4+ T cells upon activation stimulated the expression of a metabolic transcriptome and increased glycolysis, amino acid uptake, mitochondrial oxidation of glutamine, and mitochondrial biogenesis. The effects of TNF-α were mediated by activation of Akt-mTOR signaling by the kinase ITK and did not require the NF-κB pathway. TNF-α stimulated the differentiation of naïve cells into proinflammatory T helper 1 (TH1) and TH17 cells, but not that of regulatory T cells. CD4+ T cells from patients with RA showed increased TNF-α production and consequent Akt phosphorylation upon activation. These cells also exhibited increased mitochondrial mass, particularly within proinflammatory T cell subsets implicated in disease. Together, these findings suggest that T cell-derived TNF-α drives their metabolic reprogramming by promoting signaling through ITK, Akt, and mTOR, which is dysregulated in autoinflammatory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Bishop
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Nancy Gudgeon
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Taylor Fulton-Ward
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Victoria Stavrou
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Jennie Roberts
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Adam Boufersaoui
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel A Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Karim Raza
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, B18 7QH Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Dimeloe
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rodríguez-Guilarte L, Ramírez MA, Andrade CA, Kalergis AM. LAG-3 Contribution to T Cell Downmodulation during Acute Respiratory Viral Infections. Viruses 2023; 15:147. [PMID: 36680187 PMCID: PMC9865459 DOI: 10.3390/v15010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
LAG-3 is a type I transmembrane protein expressed on immune cells, such as activated T cells, and binds to MHC class II with high affinity. LAG-3 is an inhibitory receptor, and its multiple biological activities on T cell activation and effector functions play a regulatory role in the immune response. Immunotherapies directed at immune checkpoints, including LAG-3, have become a promising strategy for controlling malignant tumors and chronic viral diseases. Several studies have suggested an association between the expression of LAG-3 with an inadequate immune response during respiratory viral infections and the susceptibility to reinfections, which might be a consequence of the inhibition of T cell effector functions. However, important information relative to therapeutic potential during acute viral lower respiratory tract infections and the mechanism of action of the LAG-3 checkpoint remains to be characterized. In this article, we discuss the contribution of LAG-3 to the impairment of T cells during viral respiratory infections. Understanding the host immune response to respiratory infections is crucial for developing effective vaccines and therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linmar Rodríguez-Guilarte
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Mario A. Ramírez
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Catalina A. Andrade
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zaiatz Bittencourt V, Jones F, Doherty G, Ryan EJ. Targeting Immune Cell Metabolism in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1684-1693. [PMID: 33693743 PMCID: PMC8522790 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cells of the immune system are highly dynamic, constantly sensing and adapting to changes in their surroundings. Complex metabolic pathways govern leukocytes' ability to fine-tune their responses to external threats. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and hypoxia inducible factor are important hubs of these pathways and play a critical role coordinating cell activation and proliferation and cytokine production. For this reason, these molecules are attractive therapeutic targets in inflammatory disease. Insight into perturbations in immune cell metabolic pathways and their impact on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) progression are starting to emerge. However, it remains to be determined whether the aberrations in immune metabolism that occur in gut resident immune cells contribute to disease pathogenesis or are reflected in the peripheral blood of patients with IBD. In this review, we explore what is known about the metabolic profile of T cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells in IBD and discuss the potential of manipulating immune cell metabolism as a novel approach to treating IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Zaiatz Bittencourt
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Jones
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Glen Doherty
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth J Ryan
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Simula L, Antonucci Y, Scarpelli G, Cancila V, Colamatteo A, Manni S, De Angelis B, Quintarelli C, Procaccini C, Matarese G, Tripodo C, Campello S. PD-1-induced T cell exhaustion is controlled by a Drp1-dependent mechanism. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:188-205. [PMID: 34535949 PMCID: PMC8732338 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) signaling downregulates the T‐cell response, promoting an exhausted state in tumor‐infiltrating T cells, through mostly unveiled molecular mechanisms. Dynamin‐related protein‐1 (Drp1)‐dependent mitochondrial fission plays a crucial role in sustaining T‐cell motility, proliferation, survival, and glycolytic engagement. Interestingly, such processes are exactly those inhibited by PD‐1 in tumor‐infiltrating T cells. Here, we show that PD‐1pos CD8+ T cells infiltrating an MC38 (murine adenocarcinoma)‐derived murine tumor mass have a downregulated Drp1 activity and more elongated mitochondria compared with PD‐1neg counterparts. Also, PD‐1pos lymphocytic elements infiltrating a human colon cancer rarely express active Drp1. Mechanistically, PD‐1 signaling directly prevents mitochondrial fragmentation following T‐cell stimulation by downregulating Drp1 phosphorylation on Ser616, via regulation of the ERK1/2 and mTOR pathways. In addition, downregulation of Drp1 activity in tumor‐infiltrating PD‐1pos CD8+ T cells seems to be a mechanism exploited by PD‐1 signaling to reduce motility and proliferation of these cells. Overall, our data indicate that the modulation of Drp1 activity in tumor‐infiltrating T cells may become a valuable target to ameliorate the anticancer immune response in future immunotherapy approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Simula
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ylenia Antonucci
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Cancila
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colamatteo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Manni
- Department of Onco-Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio De Angelis
- Department of Onco-Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Quintarelli
- Department of Onco-Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Procaccini
- Institute for Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology "G. Salvatore", CNR, Naples, Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute for Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology "G. Salvatore", CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy.,Histopathology Unit, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Campello
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Onco-Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Qiu F, Xu Y, Hou X, Zhang Z, Huang L, Wang H, Xing H, Wu S. Stem cell-like memory T cells: The generation and application. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:1209-1223. [PMID: 34402104 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mr0321-145r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-like memory T cells (Tscm), are a newly defined memory T cell subset with characteristics of long life span, consistent self-renewing, rapid differentiation into effector T cells, and apoptosis resistance. These features indicate that Tscm have great therapeutic or preventive purposes, including being applied in chimeric Ag receptor-engineered T cells, TCR gene-modified T cells, and vaccines. However, the little knowledge about Tscm development restrains their applications. Strength and duration of TCR signaling, cytokines and metabolism in the T cells during activation all influence the Tscm development via regulating transcriptional factors and cell signaling pathways. Here, we summarize the molecular and cellular pathways involving Tscm differentiation, and its clinical application for cancer immunotherapy and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaorui Hou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhili Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Huijun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Xing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schreiber S, Hammers CM, Kaasch AJ, Schraven B, Dudeck A, Kahlfuss S. Metabolic Interdependency of Th2 Cell-Mediated Type 2 Immunity and the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:632581. [PMID: 34135885 PMCID: PMC8201396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.632581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of T cells is critically dependent on their ability to generate metabolic building blocks to fulfil energy demands for proliferation and consecutive differentiation into various T helper (Th) cells. Th cells then have to adapt their metabolism to specific microenvironments within different organs during physiological and pathological immune responses. In this context, Th2 cells mediate immunity to parasites and are involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases including asthma, while CD8+ T cells and Th1 cells mediate immunity to viruses and tumors. Importantly, recent studies have investigated the metabolism of Th2 cells in more detail, while others have studied the influence of Th2 cell-mediated type 2 immunity on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and on tumor progression. We here review recent findings on the metabolism of Th2 cells and discuss how Th2 cells contribute to antitumor immunity. Combining the evidence from both types of studies, we provide here for the first time a perspective on how the energy metabolism of Th2 cells and the TME interact. Finally, we elaborate how a more detailed understanding of the unique metabolic interdependency between Th2 cells and the TME could reveal novel avenues for the development of immunotherapies in treating cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Achim J. Kaasch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI-3), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Burkhart Schraven
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI-3), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Dudeck
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI-3), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Kahlfuss
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI-3), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bishop EL, Gudgeon N, Dimeloe S. Control of T Cell Metabolism by Cytokines and Hormones. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653605. [PMID: 33927722 PMCID: PMC8076900 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic, coordinated changes in metabolic pathway activity underpin the protective and inflammatory activity of T cells, through provision of energy and biosynthetic precursors for effector functions, as well as direct effects of metabolic enzymes, intermediates and end-products on signaling pathways and transcriptional mechanisms. Consequently, it has become increasingly clear that the metabolic status of the tissue microenvironment directly influences T cell activity, with changes in nutrient and/or metabolite abundance leading to dysfunctional T cell metabolism and interlinked immune function. Emerging evidence now indicates that additional signals are integrated by T cells to determine their overall metabolic phenotype, including those arising from interaction with cytokines and hormones in their environment. The impact of these on T cell metabolism, the mechanisms involved and the pathological implications are discussed in this review article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Dimeloe
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Braga TT, Foresto-Neto O, Camara NOS. The role of uric acid in inflammasome-mediated kidney injury. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2021; 29:423-431. [PMID: 32452918 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Uric acid is produced after purine nucleotide degradation, upon xanthine oxidase catalytic action. In the evolutionary process, humans lost uricase, an enzyme that converts uric acid into allantoin, resulting in increased serum uric acid levels that may vary according to dietary ingestion, pathological conditions, and other factors. Despite the controversy over the inflammatory role of uric acid in its soluble form, crystals of uric acid are able to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in different tissues. Uric acid, therefore, triggers hyperuricemic-related disease such as gout, metabolic syndrome, and kidney injuries. The present review provides an overview on the role of uric acid in the inflammasome-mediated kidney damage. RECENT FINDINGS Hyperuricemia is present in 20-35% of patients with chronic kidney disease. However, whether this increased circulating uric acid is a risk factor or just a biomarker of renal and cardiovascular injuries has become a topic of intense discussion. Despite these conflicting views, several studies support the idea that hyperuricemia is indeed a cause of progression of kidney disease, with a putative role for soluble uric acid in activating renal NLRP3 inflammasome, in reprograming renal and immune cell metabolism and, therefore, in promoting kidney inflammation/injury. SUMMARY Therapies aiming to decrease uric acid levels prevent renal NLRP3 inflammasome activation and exert renoprotective effects in experimental kidney diseases. However, further clinical studies are needed to investigate whether reduced circulating uric acid can also inhibit the inflammasome and be beneficial in human conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarcio Teodoro Braga
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR.,Carlos Chagas Institute - Fiocruz-Parana, Curitiba
| | - Orestes Foresto-Neto
- Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo.,Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo.,Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
L Bishop E, Ismailova A, Dimeloe S, Hewison M, White JH. Vitamin D and Immune Regulation: Antibacterial, Antiviral, Anti-Inflammatory. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10405. [PMID: 32904944 PMCID: PMC7461279 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of immune function continues to be one of the most well-recognized extraskeletal actions of vitamin D. This stemmed initially from the discovery that antigen presenting cells such as macrophages could actively metabolize precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) to active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D). Parallel observation that activated cells from the immune system expressed the intracellular vitamin D receptor (VDR) for 1,25D suggested a potential role for vitamin D as a localized endogenous modulator of immune function. Subsequent studies have expanded our understanding of how vitamin D exerts effects on both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. At an innate level, intracrine synthesis of 1,25D by macrophages and dendritic cells stimulates expression of antimicrobial proteins such as cathelicidin, as well as lowering intracellular iron concentrations via suppression of hepcidin. By potently enhancing autophagy, 1,25D may also play an important role in combatting intracellular pathogens such as M. tuberculosis and viral infections. Local synthesis of 1,25D by macrophages and dendritic cells also appears to play a pivotal role in mediating T-cell responses to vitamin D, leading to suppression of inflammatory T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells, and concomitant induction of immunotolerogenic T-regulatory responses. The aim of this review is to provide an update on our current understanding of these prominent immune actions of vitamin D, as well as highlighting new, less well-recognized immune effects of vitamin D. The review also aims to place this mechanistic basis for the link between vitamin D and immunity with studies in vivo that have explored a role for vitamin D supplementation as a strategy for improved immune health. This has gained prominence in recent months with the global coronavirus disease 2019 health crisis and highlights important new objectives for future studies of vitamin D and immune function. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Bishop
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Aiten Ismailova
- Department of PhysiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Sarah Dimeloe
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Martin Hewison
- Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - John H White
- Department of PhysiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Turbitt WJ, Rosean CB, Weber KS, Norian LA. Obesity and CD8 T cell metabolism: Implications for anti-tumor immunity and cancer immunotherapy outcomes. Immunol Rev 2020; 295:203-219. [PMID: 32157710 PMCID: PMC7416819 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for many cancers and has recently been found to alter the efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapies. Currently, however, the effects of obesity on immunometabolism remain unclear. Understanding these associations is critical, given the fact that T cell metabolism is tightly linked to effector function. Thus, any obesity-associated changes in T cell bioenergetics are likely to drive functional changes at the cellular level, alter the metabolome and cytokine/chemokine milieu, and impact cancer immunotherapy outcomes. Here, we provide a brief overview of T cell metabolism in the presence and absence of solid tumor growth and summarize current literature regarding obesity-associated changes in T cell function and bioenergetics. We also discuss recent findings related to the impact of host obesity on cancer immunotherapy outcomes and present potential mechanisms by which T cell metabolism may influence therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we describe promising pharmaceutical therapies that are being investigated for their ability to improve CD8 T cell metabolism and enhance cancer immunotherapy outcomes in patients, regardless of their obesity status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J. Turbitt
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - K. Scott Weber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Lyse A. Norian
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|