1
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Rocca G, Galli M, Celant A, Stucchi G, Marongiu L, Cozzi S, Innocenti M, Granucci F. Multiplexed imaging to reveal tissue dendritic cell spatial localisation and function. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38969618 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in immune surveillance, acting as sentinels that coordinate immune responses within tissues. Although differences in the identity and functional states of DC subpopulations have been identified through multiparametric flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing, these methods do not provide information about the spatial context in which the cells are located. This knowledge is crucial for understanding tissue organisation and cellular cross-talk. Recent developments in multiplex imaging techniques can now offer insights into this complex spatial and functional landscape. This review provides a concise overview of these imaging methodologies, emphasising their application in identifying DCs to delineate their tissue-specific functions and aiding newcomers in navigating this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Rocca
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Galli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Celant
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Stucchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Marongiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Cozzi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Metello Innocenti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Granucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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2
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Bossini L, Sessa A. Need of orthogonal approaches in neurological disease modeling in mouse. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1399953. [PMID: 38756706 PMCID: PMC11096479 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1399953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the years, advancements in modeling neurological diseases have revealed innovative strategies aimed at gaining deeper insights and developing more effective treatments for these complex conditions. However, these progresses have recently been overshadowed by an increasing number of failures in clinical trials, raising doubts about the reliability and translatability of this type of disease modeling. This mini-review does not aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in disease mouse modeling. Instead, it offers a brief excursus over some recent approaches in modeling neurological diseases to pinpoint a few intriguing strategies applied in the field that may serve as sources of inspiration for improving currently available animal models. In particular, we aim to guide the reader toward the potential success of adopting a more orthogonal approach in the study of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Bossini
- Neuroepigenetics Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- “Vita e Salute” San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sessa
- Neuroepigenetics Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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3
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Wang J, Horlacher M, Cheng L, Winther O. RNA trafficking and subcellular localization-a review of mechanisms, experimental and predictive methodologies. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbad249. [PMID: 37466130 PMCID: PMC10516376 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA localization is essential for regulating spatial translation, where RNAs are trafficked to their target locations via various biological mechanisms. In this review, we discuss RNA localization in the context of molecular mechanisms, experimental techniques and machine learning-based prediction tools. Three main types of molecular mechanisms that control the localization of RNA to distinct cellular compartments are reviewed, including directed transport, protection from mRNA degradation, as well as diffusion and local entrapment. Advances in experimental methods, both image and sequence based, provide substantial data resources, which allow for the design of powerful machine learning models to predict RNA localizations. We review the publicly available predictive tools to serve as a guide for users and inspire developers to build more effective prediction models. Finally, we provide an overview of multimodal learning, which may provide a new avenue for the prediction of RNA localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, København Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Marc Horlacher
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Lixin Cheng
- Shenzhen People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medicine College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Ole Winther
- Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, København Ø 2100, Denmark
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen University Hospital), Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Section for Cognitive Systems, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
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4
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Ilan Y. Making use of noise in biological systems. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 178:83-90. [PMID: 36640927 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Disorder and noise are inherent in biological systems. They are required to provide systems with the advantages required for proper functioning. Noise is a part of the flexibility and plasticity of biological systems. It provides systems with increased routes, improves information transfer, and assists in response triggers. This paper reviews recent studies on noise at the genome, cellular, and whole organ levels. We focus on the need to use noise in system engineering. We present some of the challenges faced in studying noise. Optimizing the efficiency of complex systems requires a degree of variability in their functions within certain limits. Constrained noise can be considered a method for improving system robustness by regulating noise levels in continuously dynamic settings. The digital pill-based artificial intelligence (AI)-based platform is the first to implement second-generation AI comprising variability-based signatures. This platform enhances the efficacy of the therapeutic regimens. Systems requiring variability and mechanisms regulating noise are mandatory for understanding biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Ilan
- Hebrew University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, POB 1200, IL91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
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5
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Patkulkar P, Subbalakshmi AR, Jolly MK, Sinharay S. Mapping Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity in Tumor Profiles by Integrating High-Throughput Imaging and Omics Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6126-6138. [PMID: 36844580 PMCID: PMC9948167 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity associates with more aggressive disease progression and worse patient outcomes. Understanding the reasons enabling the emergence of such heterogeneity remains incomplete, which restricts our ability to manage it from a therapeutic perspective. Technological advancements such as high-throughput molecular imaging, single-cell omics, and spatial transcriptomics allow recording of patterns of spatiotemporal heterogeneity in a longitudinal manner, thus offering insights into the multiscale dynamics of its evolution. Here, we review the latest technological trends and biological insights from molecular diagnostics as well as spatial transcriptomics, both of which have witnessed burgeoning growth in the recent past in terms of mapping heterogeneity within tumor cell types as well as the stromal constitution. We also discuss ongoing challenges, indicating possible ways to integrate insights across these methods to have a systems-level spatiotemporal map of heterogeneity in each tumor and a more systematic investigation of the implications of heterogeneity for patient outcomes.
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6
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Lyu M, Xin L, Jin H, Chitkushev LT, Zhang G, Keskin DB, Brusic V. Protocol for Classification Single-Cell PBMC Types from Pathological Samples Using Supervised Machine Learning. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2673:53-67. [PMID: 37258906 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3239-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are mixed subpopulations of blood cells composed of five cell types. PBMC are widely used in the study of the immune system, infectious diseases, cancer, and vaccine development. Single-cell transcriptomics (SCT) allows the labeling of cell types by gene expression patterns from biological samples. Classifying cells into cell types and states is essential for single-cell analyses, especially in the classification of diseases and the assessment of therapeutic interventions, and for many secondary analyses. Most of the classification of cell types from SCT data use unsupervised clustering or a combination of unsupervised and supervised methods including manual correction. In this chapter, we describe a protocol that uses supervised machine learning (ML) methods with SCT data for the classification of PBMC cell types in samples representing pathological states. This protocol has three parts: (1) data preprocessing, (2) labeling of reference PBMC SCT datasets and training supervised ML models, and (3) labeling new PBMC datasets from disease samples. This protocol enables building classification models that are of high accuracy and efficiency. Our example focuses on 10× Genomics technology but applies to datasets from other SCT platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Lyu
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Xin
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan Jin
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lou T Chitkushev
- Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guanglan Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derin B Keskin
- Translational Immuno-Genomics Lab, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vladimir Brusic
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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7
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Desideri F, D’Ambra E, Laneve P, Ballarino M. Advances in endogenous RNA pull-down: A straightforward dextran sulfate-based method enhancing RNA recovery. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1004746. [PMID: 36339717 PMCID: PMC9629853 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1004746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting RNA/RNA interactions in the context of a given cellular system is crucial to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms that stand beneath each specific RNA molecule. When it comes to non-protein coding RNA (ncRNAs), and especially to long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), the reliability of the RNA purification is dramatically dependent on their abundance. Exogenous methods, in which lncRNAs are in vitro transcribed and incubated with protein extracts or overexpressed by cell transfection, have been extensively used to overcome the problem of abundance. However, although useful to study the contribution of single RNA sub-modules to RNA/protein interactions, these exogenous practices might fail in revealing biologically meaningful contacts occurring in vivo and risk to generate non-physiological artifacts. Therefore, endogenous methods must be preferred, especially for the initial identification of partners specifically interacting with elected RNAs. Here, we apply an endogenous RNA pull-down to lncMN2-203, a neuron-specific lncRNA contributing to the robustness of motor neurons specification, through the interaction with miRNA-466i-5p. We show that both the yield of lncMN2-203 recovery and the specificity of its interaction with the miRNA dramatically increase in the presence of Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) salt. This new set-up may represent a powerful means for improving the study of RNA-RNA interactions of biological significance, especially for those lncRNAs whose role as microRNA (miRNA) sponges or regulators of mRNA stability was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Desideri
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science of Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora D’Ambra
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science of Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Laneve
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Ballarino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Monica Ballarino,
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8
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Thomas SM, Ackert-Bicknell CL, Zuscik MJ, Payne KA. Understanding the Transcriptomic Landscape to Drive New Innovations in Musculoskeletal Regenerative Medicine. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:141-152. [PMID: 35156183 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) is a novel and highly sought-after tool in the field of musculoskeletal regenerative medicine. The technology is being used to better understand pathological processes, as well as elucidate mechanisms governing development and regeneration. It has allowed in-depth characterization of stem cell populations and discovery of molecular mechanisms that regulate stem cell development, maintenance, and differentiation in a way that was not possible with previous technology. This review introduces RNA-seq technology and how it has paved the way for advances in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies in regenerative medicine have utilized RNA-seq to decipher mechanisms of pathophysiology and identify novel targets for regenerative medicine. The technology has also advanced stem cell biology through in-depth characterization of stem cells, identifying differentiation trajectories and optimizing cell culture conditions. It has also provided new knowledge that has led to improved growth factor use and scaffold design for musculoskeletal regenerative medicine. This article reviews recent studies utilizing RNA-seq in the field of musculoskeletal regenerative medicine. It demonstrates how transcriptomic analysis can be used to provide insights that can aid in formulating a regenerative strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey M Thomas
- Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8343, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Cheryl L Ackert-Bicknell
- Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8343, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Michael J Zuscik
- Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8343, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Karin A Payne
- Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8343, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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9
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Walker BL, Cang Z, Ren H, Bourgain-Chang E, Nie Q. Deciphering tissue structure and function using spatial transcriptomics. Commun Biol 2022; 5:220. [PMID: 35273328 PMCID: PMC8913632 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of spatial transcriptomics (ST) techniques has allowed the measurement of transcriptional levels across many genes together with the spatial positions of cells. This has led to an explosion of interest in computational methods and techniques for harnessing both spatial and transcriptional information in analysis of ST datasets. The wide diversity of approaches in aim, methodology and technology for ST provides great challenges in dissecting cellular functions in spatial contexts. Here, we synthesize and review the key problems in analysis of ST data and methods that are currently applied, while also expanding on open questions and areas of future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Walker
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243The NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Zixuan Cang
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243The NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Honglei Ren
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243The NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Eric Bourgain-Chang
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Qing Nie
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243The NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
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10
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Barhouse PS, Andrade MJ, Smith Q. Home Away From Home: Bioengineering Advancements to Mimic the Developmental and Adult Stem Cell Niche. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.832754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inherent self-organizing capacity of pluripotent and adult stem cell populations has advanced our fundamental understanding of processes that drive human development, homeostasis, regeneration, and disease progression. Translating these principles into in vitro model systems has been achieved with the advent of organoid technology, driving innovation to harness patient-specific, cell-laden regenerative constructs that can be engineered to augment or replace diseased tissue. While developmental organization and regenerative adult stem cell niches are tightly regulated in vivo, in vitro analogs lack defined architecture and presentation of physicochemical cues, leading to the unhindered arrangement of mini-tissues that lack complete physiological mimicry. This review aims to highlight the recent integrative engineering approaches that elicit spatio-temporal control of the extracellular niche to direct the structural and functional maturation of pluripotent and adult stem cell derivatives. While the advances presented here leverage multi-pronged strategies ranging from synthetic biology to microfabrication technologies, the methods converge on recreating the biochemical and biophysical milieu of the native tissue to be modeled or regenerated.
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11
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Qiu M, Zong JB, He QW, Liu YX, Wan Y, Li M, Zhou YF, Wu JH, Hu B. Cell Heterogeneity Uncovered by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Offers Potential Therapeutic Targets for Ischemic Stroke. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1436-1454. [PMID: 36186129 PMCID: PMC9466965 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a detrimental neurological disease characterized by an irreversible infarct core surrounded by an ischemic penumbra, a salvageable region of brain tissue. Unique roles of distinct brain cell subpopulations within the neurovascular unit and peripheral immune cells during ischemic stroke remain elusive due to the heterogeneity of cells in the brain. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) allows for an unbiased determination of cellular heterogeneity at high-resolution and identification of cell markers, thereby unveiling the principal brain clusters within the cell-type-specific gene expression patterns as well as cell-specific subclusters and their functions in different pathways underlying ischemic stroke. In this review, we have summarized the changes in differentiation trajectories of distinct cell types and highlighted the specific pathways and genes in brain cells that are impacted by stroke. This review is expected to inspire new research and provide directions for investigating the potential pathological mechanisms and novel treatment strategies for ischemic stroke at the level of a single cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jie-hong Wu
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Bo Hu () and Dr. Jie-hong Wu (), Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Bo Hu () and Dr. Jie-hong Wu (), Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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Mircea M, Semrau S. How a cell decides its own fate: a single-cell view of molecular mechanisms and dynamics of cell-type specification. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2509-2525. [PMID: 34854897 PMCID: PMC8786291 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
On its path from a fertilized egg to one of the many cell types in a multicellular organism, a cell turns the blank canvas of its early embryonic state into a molecular profile fine-tuned to achieve a vital organismal function. This remarkable transformation emerges from the interplay between dynamically changing external signals, the cell's internal, variable state, and tremendously complex molecular machinery; we are only beginning to understand. Recently developed single-cell omics techniques have started to provide an unprecedented, comprehensive view of the molecular changes during cell-type specification and promise to reveal the underlying gene regulatory mechanism. The exponentially increasing amount of quantitative molecular data being created at the moment is slated to inform predictive, mathematical models. Such models can suggest novel ways to manipulate cell types experimentally, which has important biomedical applications. This review is meant to give the reader a starting point to participate in this exciting phase of molecular developmental biology. We first introduce some of the principal molecular players involved in cell-type specification and discuss the important organizing ability of biomolecular condensates, which has been discovered recently. We then review some of the most important single-cell omics methods and relevant findings they produced. We devote special attention to the dynamics of the molecular changes and discuss methods to measure them, most importantly lineage tracing. Finally, we introduce a conceptual framework that connects all molecular agents in a mathematical model and helps us make sense of the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mircea
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Semrau
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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13
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Savulescu AF, Bouilhol E, Beaume N, Nikolski M. Prediction of RNA subcellular localization: Learning from heterogeneous data sources. iScience 2021; 24:103298. [PMID: 34765919 PMCID: PMC8571491 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA subcellular localization has recently emerged as a widespread phenomenon, which may apply to the majority of RNAs. The two main sources of data for characterization of RNA localization are sequence features and microscopy images, such as obtained from single-molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization-based techniques. Although such imaging data are ideal for characterization of RNA distribution, these techniques remain costly, time-consuming, and technically challenging. Given these limitations, imaging data exist only for a limited number of RNAs. We argue that the field of RNA localization would greatly benefit from complementary techniques able to characterize location of RNA. Here we discuss the importance of RNA localization and the current methodology in the field, followed by an introduction on prediction of location of molecules. We then suggest a machine learning approach based on the integration between imaging localization data and sequence-based data to assist in characterization of RNA localization on a transcriptome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Flavia Savulescu
- Division of Chemical, Systems & Synthetic Biology, Institute for Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Bouilhol
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Bioinformatics Center, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Beaume
- Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town,7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Macha Nikolski
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Bioinformatics Center, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
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14
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Li JYH, Ouyang Z. LISA2: Learning Complex Single-Cell Trajectory and Expression Trends. Front Genet 2021; 12:681206. [PMID: 34512717 PMCID: PMC8428276 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.681206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptional and epigenomics profiles have been applied in a variety of tissues and diseases for discovering new cell types, differentiation trajectories, and gene regulatory networks. Many methods such as Monocle 2/3, URD, and STREAM have been developed for tree-based trajectory building. Here, we propose a fast and flexible trajectory learning method, LISA2, for single-cell data analysis. This new method has two distinctive features: (1) LISA2 utilizes specified leaves and root to reduce the complexity for building the developmental trajectory, especially for some special cases such as rare cell populations and adjacent terminal cell states; and (2) LISA2 is applicable for both transcriptomics and epigenomics data. LISA2 visualizes complex trajectories using 3D Landmark ISOmetric feature MAPping (L-ISOMAP). We apply LISA2 to simulation and real datasets in cerebellum, diencephalon, and hematopoietic stem cells including both single-cell transcriptomics data and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin data. LISA2 is efficient in estimating single-cell trajectory and expression trends for different kinds of molecular state of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - James Y. H. Li
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Zhengqing Ouyang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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15
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Dorado G, Gálvez S, Rosales TE, Vásquez VF, Hernández P. Analyzing Modern Biomolecules: The Revolution of Nucleic-Acid Sequencing - Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1111. [PMID: 34439777 PMCID: PMC8393538 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments have revolutionized the study of biomolecules. Among them are molecular markers, amplification and sequencing of nucleic acids. The latter is classified into three generations. The first allows to sequence small DNA fragments. The second one increases throughput, reducing turnaround and pricing, and is therefore more convenient to sequence full genomes and transcriptomes. The third generation is currently pushing technology to its limits, being able to sequence single molecules, without previous amplification, which was previously impossible. Besides, this represents a new revolution, allowing researchers to directly sequence RNA without previous retrotranscription. These technologies are having a significant impact on different areas, such as medicine, agronomy, ecology and biotechnology. Additionally, the study of biomolecules is revealing interesting evolutionary information. That includes deciphering what makes us human, including phenomena like non-coding RNA expansion. All this is redefining the concept of gene and transcript. Basic analyses and applications are now facilitated with new genome editing tools, such as CRISPR. All these developments, in general, and nucleic-acid sequencing, in particular, are opening a new exciting era of biomolecule analyses and applications, including personalized medicine, and diagnosis and prevention of diseases for humans and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Dorado
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sergio Gálvez
- Dep. Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computación, Boulevard Louis Pasteur 35, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Teresa E. Rosales
- Laboratorio de Arqueobiología, Avda. Universitaria s/n, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, 13011 Trujillo, Peru;
| | - Víctor F. Vásquez
- Centro de Investigaciones Arqueobiológicas y Paleoecológicas Andinas Arqueobios, Martínez de Companón 430-Bajo 100, Urbanización San Andres, 13088 Trujillo, Peru;
| | - Pilar Hernández
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, 14080 Córdoba, Spain;
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16
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Ash NF, Massengill MT, Harmer L, Jafri A, Lewin AS. Automated segmentation and analysis of retinal microglia within ImageJ. Exp Eye Res 2020; 203:108416. [PMID: 33359513 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are immune cells of the central nervous system capable of distinct phenotypic changes and migration in response to injury. These changes most notably include the retraction of fine dendritic structures and adoption of a globular, phagocytic morphology. Due to their characteristic responses, microglia frequently act as histological indicators of injury progression. While algorithms seeking to automate microglia counts and morphological analysis are becoming increasingly popular, few exist that are adequate for use within the retina and manual analysis remains prevalent. To address this, we propose a novel segmentation routine, implemented within FIJI-ImageJ, to perform automated segmentation and cell counting of retinal microglia. We show that our routine could perform cell counts with accuracy similar to manual observers using the I307N Rho model. Tracking cell position relative to retinal vasculature, we observed population migration towards the photoreceptor layer beginning 12 h post light damage. Using feature selection with Chi2 and principal component analysis, we resolved cells along a morphological gradient, demonstrating that extracted features were sufficiently descriptive to capture subtle morphological changes within cell populations in I307N Rho and Balb/c TLR2-/- retinal degeneration models. Taken together, we introduce a novel automated routine capable of efficient image processing and segmentation. Using data retrieved following segmentation, we perform morphological analysis simultaneously on whole populations of cells, rather than individually. Our algorithm was built entirely with open-source software, for use on retinal microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil F Ash
- University of Florida Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Box 100266 Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Michael T Massengill
- University of Florida Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Box 100266 Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Lindsey Harmer
- University of Florida Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Box 100266 Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Ahmed Jafri
- University of Florida Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Box 100266 Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Alfred S Lewin
- University of Florida Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Box 100266 Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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