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Chen X, Li S, Sun B. Downregulation of short-stature homeobox protein 2 suppresses gastric cancer cell growth and stemness in vitro and in vivo via inactivating wnt/β-catenin signaling. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e70006. [PMID: 39415634 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.70006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) a prevalent form of cancer globally. Previous research suggests that SHOX2 may have a role in promoting cancer progression. However, the role of SHOX2 in GC is not well understood. Based on data from TCGA_GC data set, SHXO2 levels were examined in normal and GC tissues. Patients in the TCGA_GC cohort were divided into high- and low-SHOX2 level groups for analysis of overall survival (OS), functional enrichment, and immune infiltration. Furthermore, experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of SHOX2 on GC cell function through gain- and loss-of-function experiments. Utilizing data from public databases, SHOX2 mRNA levels were found to be elevated in GC tissues compared to normal control, this finding was confirmed by RT-qPCR, western blot analysis, and immune-histochemical analyses. Elevated SHOX2 levels could serve as an independent indicator of poor prognosis in GC patients. Furthermore, SHOX2 levels had a negative correlation with CD8 T cells and CD4 memory activated T cells, and a positive correlation with of M0 macrophages in GC patients. Functional analyses revealed that SHOX2 deficiency notably suppressed GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Additionally, SHOX2 deficiency was shown to suppress stemness in GC cells in vitro and in vivo via inactivating wnt/β-catenin signaling. Collectively, SHOX2 may serve as a prognostic marker for GC patients, and downregulation of SHOX2 could effectively impede GC cell growth and stemness by inactivating the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings underscore the potential of SHOX2 as a promising therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Chen
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai Li
- The Department of Oncology, The Affiliated of Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Binghua Sun
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhang N, Li Y, Sun Z, Dong Y, Zhou L, Zhang C, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Li K, Xu F, Zhang L, She B, Ren X, Che N. Combined detection of SHOX2 and PTGER4 methylation with serum marker CYFRA21-1 for improved diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Clin Pathol 2024:jcp-2024-209592. [PMID: 39060112 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2024-209592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the performance of a combined biomarker approach using the methylation status of the short stature homeobox 2 (SHOX2) and prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 (PTGER4) genes, along with the serum levels of CYFRA21-1, for differential diganosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) from benign reactive mesothelial hyperplasia (RMH). METHODS We analysed 48 MPM tissue or pleural effusion cell block specimens and 42 cases with RMH. Real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR was used to examine the methylation status of SHOX2, PTGER4, ras association domain family 1 isoform A, septin 9 gene and homeobox gene A9 genes. Additionally, we employed electrochemiluminescence immunoassay to measure nine serum tumour markers commonly used in pan-cancer screening tests. RESULTS The receiver operating curve indicated that SHOX2, PTGER4 gene methylation and serum biomarker CYFRA21-1 exhibited good diagnostic performance in identifying MPM, with area under curves (AUCs) of 0.761, 0.904 and 0.847, respectively. The combination of SHOX2, PTGER4 methylation and CYFRA21-1 yielded an AUC value of 0.972. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of this panel in differentiating MPM from RMH were 91.3% (42/46) and 97.6% (41/42), respectively. Both tissue and cell block specimens can be used in the diagnostic process. Furthermore, elevated CYFRA21-1 levels were associated with poor prognosis (p<0.05). Hypermethylation level of PTGER4 may indicate an unfavourable prognosis of MPM, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The combined detection of SHOX2 and PTGER4 methylation alongside serum CYFRA21-1 level significantly enhances the diagnosis of MPM. Additionally, CYFRA21-1 can serve as a prognostic indicator for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmeng Li
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China
| | - Zuyu Sun
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Dong
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China
| | - Zichen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China
| | - Fudong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China
| | - Bin She
- Shanghai Methyldia Technology Co, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaosha Ren
- Shanghai Methyldia Technology Co, Shanghai, China
| | - Nanying Che
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China
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Zhao J, Lu Y, Ren X, Bian T, Feng J, Sun H, Liu L, She B, Liu Y, Ke H. Association of the SHOX2 and RASSF1A methylation levels with the pathological evolution of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:687. [PMID: 38840077 PMCID: PMC11154976 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The methylation of SHOX2 and RASSF1A shows promise as a potential biomarker for the early screening of lung cancer, offering a solution to remedy the limitations of morphological diagnosis. The aim of this study is to diagnose lung adenocarcinoma by measuring the methylation levels of SHOX2 and RASSF1A, and provide an accurate pathological diagnosis to predict the invasiveness of lung cancer prior to surgery.Material and methods The methylation levels of SHOX2 and RASSF1A were quantified using a LungMe® test kit through methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR). The diagnostic efficacy of SHOX2 and RASSF1A and the cutoff values were validated using ROC curve analysis. The hazardous factors influencing the invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma were calculated using multiple regression.Results: The cutoff values of SHOX2 and RASSF1A were 8.3 and 12.0, respectively. The sensitivities of LungMe® in IA, MIA and AIS patients were 71.3% (122/171), 41.7% (15/36), and 16.1% (5/31) under the specificity of 94.1% (32/34) for benign lesions. Additionally, the methylation level of SHOX2, RASSF1A and LungMe® correlated with the high invasiveness of clinicopathological features, such as age, gender, tumor size, TNM stage, pathological type, pleural invasion and STAS. The tumor size, age, CTR values and LungMe® methylation levels were identified as independent hazardous factors influencing the invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma.Conclusion: SHOX2 and RASSF1A combined methylation can be used as an early detection indicator of lung adenocarcinoma. SHOX2 and RASSF1A combined (LungMe®) methylation is significantly correlated to age, gender, tumor size, TNM stage, pathological type, pleural invasion and STAS. The SHOX2 and RASSF1A methylation levels, tumor size and CTR values could predict the invasiveness of the tumor prior to surgery, thereby providing guidance for the surgical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, No.20 XISI road, ChongChuan District, NanTong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, ChongChuan District, NanTong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, No.20 XISI road, ChongChuan District, NanTong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, ChongChuan District, NanTong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaosha Ren
- Department of Academic Development, Shanghai methyldia technology Co. Ltd, No. 412 Huiqing Road , Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tingting Bian
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, No.20 XISI road, ChongChuan District, NanTong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Feng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, No.20 XISI road, ChongChuan District, NanTong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, No.20 XISI road, ChongChuan District, NanTong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, No.20 XISI road, ChongChuan District, NanTong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin She
- Department of Academic Development, Shanghai methyldia technology Co. Ltd, No. 412 Huiqing Road , Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, No.20 XISI road, ChongChuan District, NanTong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Tellgen Corporation Co. Ltd, No. 115, Lane 572, Bibo Road, Pilot Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, No.20 XISI road, ChongChuan District, NanTong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Honggang Ke
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, No.20 XISI road, ChongChuan District, NanTong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Lan Z, Zhang J, Yang F, Ma X, He R. Utility of SHOX2 and RASSF1A gene methylation detection on the residual cytology material from endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration. Cytojournal 2024; 21:19. [PMID: 38887695 PMCID: PMC11181472 DOI: 10.25259/cytojournal_114_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Short Stature Homeobox 2 (SHOX2) and RAS Association Domain Family 1 Isoform A (RASSF1A) gene methylation detection in residual liquid-based cytology (LBC) materials from Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) and investigate the diagnostic accuracy of a comprehensive diagnostic approach. Material and Methods Between June 2022 and May 2023, a total of 110 cases that underwent EBUS-TBNA were enrolled in the study. SHOX2 and RASSF1A genes methylation detection using the residual cytological material, LBC, and cell block (CB) were conducted for each EBUS-TBNA case. The sensitivity and specificity of cytology, CB histopathology, SHOX2, and RASSF1A methylation in diagnosing EBUS-TBNA samples were determined based on follow-up data. Results Among the 72 cases confirmed as pulmonary carcinomas, the methylation test yielded positive results in 24 adenocarcinoma cases, 10 squamous cell carcinoma cases, and 14 small cell carcinoma cases. The sensitivity of the comprehensive diagnosis (combining LBC, CB, and methylation detection) in distinguishing metastatic pulmonary epithelial malignancies in mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes or masses from benign lesions was higher (97.22%, 70/72) than that of morphological diagnosis alone (LBC and CB) (88.89%, 64/72; P < 0.05). Conclusion SHOX2 and RASSF1A methylation detection demonstrates a high sensitivity and negative predictive value in the identification of pulmonary epithelial malignancies and holds promise as a valuable ancillary approach to enhance morphological diagnosis of EBUS-TBNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Lan
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery in Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Rongfang He
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Zhou J, Li P, Feng J, Wu Q, You S. MiR-24-1-5p Hinders Malignant Phenotypes of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Targeting SHOX2. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:2004-2019. [PMID: 36917325 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
MiRNAs are essential epigenetic modulators that can regulate protein expression. According to the principle of base complementary pairing, miRNA is partially or completely complementary to the 3'-UTR region of its target gene, by which it inhibits the translation of the targeted gene. This study investigated the role of miR-24-1-5p in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Data in TCGA-KIRC denoted that miR-24-1-5p was under-expressed in ccRCC. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that its target gene was SHOX2, which was significantly expressed in cancer tissues. Dual luciferase assay verified the targeting relationship between miR-24-1-5p and SHOX2. Cell function experiments demonstrated that overexpression of miR-24-1-5p significantly inhibited SHOX2 level and the malignant phenotypes of ccRCC cells. The above results illustrated that miR-24-1-5p/SHOX2 axis was critical for the oncogenesis and development of ccRCC, which might be helpful for us to understand the mechanism and novel therapeutic methods of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jueyi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Lishui People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 15 Dazhong Street, Liandu District, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Jihong Feng
- Department of Oncology, Lishui People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Urology Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 15 Dazhong Street, Liandu District, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Shengjie You
- Department of Urology Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 15 Dazhong Street, Liandu District, Lishui, 323000, China.
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Ji XY, Li H, Chen HH, Lin J. Diagnostic performance of RASSF1A and SHOX2 methylation combined with EGFR mutations for differentiation between small pulmonary nodules. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04745-8. [PMID: 37097393 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04745-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Aberrant methylation of Ras association domain family 1, isoform A (RASSF1A), and short-stature homeobox gene 2 (SHOX2) promoters has been validated as a pair of valuable biomarkers for diagnosing early lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the key driver mutation in lung carcinogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the aberrant promoter methylation of RASSF1A and SHOX2, and the genetic mutation of EGFR in 258 specimens of early LUADs. METHODS We retrospectively selected 258 paraffin-embedded samples of pulmonary nodules measuring 2 cm or less in diameter and evaluated the diagnostic performance of individual biomarker assays and multiple panels between noninvasive (group 1) and invasive lesions (groups 2A and 2B). Then, we investigated the interaction between genetic and epigenetic alterations. RESULTS The degree of RASSF1A and SHOX2 promoter methylation and EGFR mutation was significantly higher in invasive lesions than in noninvasive lesions. The three biomarkers distinguished between noninvasive and invasive lesions with reliable sensitivity and specificity: 60.9% sensitivity [95% confidence interval (CI) 52.41-68.78] and 80.0% specificity (95% CI 72.14-86.07). The novel panel biomarkers could further discriminate among three invasive pathological subtypes (area under the curve value > 0.6). The distribution of RASSF1A methylation and EGFR mutation was considerably exclusive in early LUAD (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION DNA methylation of RASSF1A and SHOX2 is a pair of promising biomarkers, which may be used in combination with other driver alterations, such as EGFR mutation, to support the differential diagnosis of LUADs, especially for stage I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Ji
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- National Virtual and Reality Experimental Education Center for Medical Morphology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Zeng S, Lin C, Huang Y. miR-375 Combined with SHOX2 Methylation has Higher Diagnostic Efficacy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Mol Biotechnol 2022:10.1007/s12033-022-00604-y. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Krausewitz P, Kluemper N, Richter AP, Büttner T, Kristiansen G, Ritter M, Ellinger J. Early Dynamics of Quantitative SEPT9 and SHOX2 Methylation in Circulating Cell-Free Plasma DNA during Prostate Biopsy for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184355. [PMID: 36139516 PMCID: PMC9496792 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The methylation status of Septin 9 (SEPT9) and short stature homeobox 2 (SHOX2) in circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) are validated pan-cancer biomarkers. The present proof-of-concept study aimed to investigate the potential and dynamics of quantitative SEPT9 and SHOX2 methylation in prostate cancer (PCa) patient tissue and ccfDNA during prostate biopsy as a diagnostic tool. Methods: The methylation patterns of SEPT9 and SHOX2 in prostate tissue were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas data set (n = 498 PCa and n = 50 normal adjacent prostate tissue (NAT)). Next, dynamic changes of ccfDNA methylation were quantified in prospectively enrolled patients undergoing prostate biopsy (n = 72), local treatment for PCa (n = 7; radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy) as well as systemic treatment for PCa (n = 6; chemotherapy and 177-Lu-PSMA-therapy). Biomarker levels were correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Results: SEPT9 and SHOX2 were hypermethylated in PCa tissue (p < 0.001) and allowed discrimination of PCa and non-tumor prostate tissue (mSEPT9: AUC 0.87, 95%CI [0.82−0.92]; mSHOX2: AUC 0.89, 95%CI 0.84−0.94). SHOX2 methylation and mRNA levels were significantly higher in PCa tissue and increased with tumor stage and grade, as well as in patients suffering from biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy. SEPT9 and SHOX2 ccfDNA methylation allowed distinguishing patients with localized and metastatic disease (p < 0.001 for both). In addition, methylation levels increased shortly after prostate biopsy only in patients with PCa (ΔmSEPT9: p < 0.001 and ΔmSHOX2: p = 0.001). Conclusions: The early dynamics of methylated SEPT9 and SHOX2 in ccfDNA allow differentiation between PCa patients and patients without PCa and is a promising marker for tumor monitoring in the metastatic stage to determine tumor burden under systemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Krausewitz
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-15118853551
| | - Niklas Kluemper
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ayk-Peter Richter
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Büttner
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg Ellinger
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Fu S, Gong B, Wang S, Chen Q, Liu Y, Zhuang C, Li Z, Zhang Z, Ma M, Sun T. Prognostic Value of Long Noncoding RNA DLEU2 and Its Relationship with Immune Infiltration in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma and Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:8047-8064. [PMID: 34795513 PMCID: PMC8593347 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s336428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DLEU2 is a long noncoding RNA considered important in the progression of many cancers. However, correlations between DLEU2 and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) have rarely been reported. Methods We first analysed the expression of DLEU2 across cancers and the correlation between DLEU2 and the clinical features of KIRC and LIHC by using the “ggplot2” package in R and searched the Oncomine database and Timer website platform. We verified the expression of DLEU2 in the GEO dataset (GSE105261 and GSE45267). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn using the “pROC” and “ggplot2” packages in R, and we constructed a DLEU2-based prognostic nomogram for KIRC and LIHC by using the “survival” and “rms” packages in R. Then, we analysed the correlation between DLEU2 expression and prognosis in R as well as the correlation between DLEU2 and immune cell infiltration in the TIMER database. Finally, we explored the causes of DLEU2 upregulation in the UCSC Xena and UALCAN databases. Results We found that DLEU2 was upregulated in many cancers, including KIRC and LIHC. Expression of DLEU2 is associated with tumour stage, grade, lymphatic metastasis, and distant metastasis in KIRC as well as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), tumour stage, grade, lymphatic metastasis, and distant metastasis in LIHC. DLEU2 is an adverse factor for the prognosis of KIRC and LIHC. In addition, DLEU2 has moderate accuracy in diagnosing KIRC and LIHC and predicting their prognosis. Moreover, we found that expression of DLEU2 correlated positively with immune cell infiltration in KIRC and LIHC, and upregulation of DLEU2 in KIRC and LIHC suggests a poor prognosis based on immune cells analysis. Genetic and epigenetic analyses of DLEU2 indicate that copy number variations (CNVs) and methylation contribute to the upregulation of DLEU2. Conclusion The long noncoding RNA DLEU2 has the potential to predict the prognosis and immune infiltration of KIRC and LIHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Gong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifu Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Changshui Zhuang
- Department of Urology, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilong Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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