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Xu W, Huang Y, Lei Z, Zhou J. miR-939-3p induces sarcoma proliferation and poor prognosis via suppressing BATF2. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1346531. [PMID: 38420020 PMCID: PMC10899471 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1346531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis, in which oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inactivation are involved. Accumulated studies suggested basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like 2 (BATF2) as a candidate tumor suppressor, but its specific role and mechanism in sarcoma remain unclear. Methods The expression levels of BATF2 and miR-939-3p were evaluated by using human sarcoma samples, cell lines and xenograft mouse models. Bioinformatics analysis, qPCR, Western blot, cell proliferation assay, overexpression plasmid construction, point mutation and dual luciferase reporter assay were utilized to investigate the role and mechanism of miR-939-3p in sarcoma. Results In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of BATF2 was downregulated in human sarcoma tissues and cell lines. The downregulation of BATF2 was negatively associated with the prognosis of sarcoma patients. Subsequent bioinformatic prediction and experimental validations showed that BATF2 expression was reduced by microRNA (miR)-939-3p mimic and increased by miR-939-3p inhibitor. Additionally, miR-939-3p was upregulated in sarcoma tissues and cells, correlating with a poor prognosis of sarcoma patients. Moreover, miR-939-3p overexpression suppressed sarcoma cell proliferation, which was significantly attenuated by the restoration of BATF2, while siRNA-mediated knockdown of BATF2 aggravated the miR-939-3p-induced promotion of sarcoma cell proliferation. Further computational algorithms and dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that miR-939-3p repressed BATF2 expression via directly binding to its 3' untranslated region (3' UTR). Conclusion Collectively, these findings identified miR-939-3p as a novel regulator of BATF2, as well as a prognostic biomarker in sarcoma, and revealed that suppressing miR-939-3p or inducing BATF2 expression may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy against sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwen Xu
- Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yinghui Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zengjie Lei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Hánělová K, Raudenská M, Masařík M, Balvan J. Protein cargo in extracellular vesicles as the key mediator in the progression of cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:25. [PMID: 38200509 PMCID: PMC10777590 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles of endosomal origin that are released by almost all cell types, even those that are pathologically altered. Exosomes widely participate in cell-to-cell communication via transferring cargo, including nucleic acids, proteins, and other metabolites, into recipient cells. Tumour-derived exosomes (TDEs) participate in many important molecular pathways and affect various hallmarks of cancer, including fibroblasts activation, modification of the tumour microenvironment (TME), modulation of immune responses, angiogenesis promotion, setting the pre-metastatic niche, enhancing metastatic potential, and affecting therapy sensitivity and resistance. The unique exosome biogenesis, composition, nontoxicity, and ability to target specific tumour cells bring up their use as promising drug carriers and cancer biomarkers. In this review, we focus on the role of exosomes, with an emphasis on their protein cargo, in the key mechanisms promoting cancer progression. We also briefly summarise the mechanism of exosome biogenesis, its structure, protein composition, and potential as a signalling hub in both normal and pathological conditions. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Hánělová
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenská
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masařík
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, Vestec, CZ-252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Balvan
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic.
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Zhou J, Lei Z, Chen J, Liao S, Chen Y, Liu C, Huang S, Li L, Zhang Y, Wang P, Huang Y, Li J, Liang H. Nuclear export of BATF2 enhances colorectal cancer proliferation through binding to CRM1. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1260. [PMID: 37151195 PMCID: PMC10165233 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the tumourigenesis and development of colorectal cancer (CRC), the inactivation of tumour suppressor genes is closely involved, although detailed molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Accumulating studies, including ours, have demonstrated that basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF (activating transcription factor)-like 2 (BATF2) is a capable tumour suppressor that localises in the nucleus. However, its different subcellular localisation, potential functions and underlying mechanisms are unclear. METHODS The translocation of BATF2 and its clinical relevance were detected using CRC samples, cell lines and xenograft nude mice. Candidate BATF2-binding proteins were screened using co-immunoprecipitation, quantitative label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry proteomic analysis, Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Recombinant plasmids, point mutations and siRNAs were applied to clarify the binding sites between BATF2 and chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1). RESULTS The present study found that BATF2 was mainly localised in the cytoplasm, rather than nucleus, of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo, while cytoplasmic BATF2 expression was inversely correlated with the prognosis of CRC patients. Furthermore, we identified the nuclear export and subsequent ubiquitin-mediated degradation of BATF2 in CRC cells. Mechanistically, a functional nuclear export sequence (any amino acid) was characterised in BATF2 protein, through which BATF2 bound to CRM1 and translocated out of nucleus, ultimately enhancing CRC growth via inducing activator protein 1 (AP-1)/cyclin D1/phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pRb) signalling pathway. Additionally, nuclear export of BATF2 can be retarded by the mutation of NES in BATF2 or the knockdown of CRM1, whereas CRM1 expression was negatively associated with nuclear BATF2 expression and the prognosis of CRC patients. CONCLUSION These findings revealed the biological effects and underlying mechanisms of cytoplasmic localisation of BATF2. Furthermore, suppressing nuclear export of BATF2 via mutating its NES region or inhibiting CRM1 expression may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Zengjie Lei
- Department of Medical OncologyAffiliated Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jianfang Chen
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Shengbo Liao
- Department of OtolaryngologyPeople's Hospital of Xishui CountyGuizhouChina
| | - Yanrong Chen
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Chengxiang Liu
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Liuli Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Yinghui Huang
- Department of NephrologyKey Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of ChongqingChongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology DiseasesXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Houjie Liang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
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Zhang J, Huang D, Lan X, Deng D, Li J, Zhang D, Li Y, Zhong T, Peng S. Application of small extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1100941. [PMID: 36968209 PMCID: PMC10036369 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelium of the nasopharynx. The disease is insidious, and most patients are diagnosed at the advanced stage, resulting in poor prognosis. Early diagnosis is important to reduce NPC mortality. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are rich in a variety of bioactive molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which can participate in the physiological and pathological regulation of the body by affecting the function of target cells. Numerous studies have shown that some RNAs and proteins in sEVs of tumor origin have a key role in the development of NPC and are potential candidates for malignancy detection. Studying the relationship between the cargoes of these sEVs and NPC may help in the diagnosis of the disease. Here in this review, we summarize the application of sEVs as biomarkers in the diagnosis of NPC and their role in NPC metastasis and prognosis. In addition, we discuss possible future applications and limitations of sEVs as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Defa Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xianbin Lan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Dongming Deng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jijing Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Precision Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tianyu Zhong, ; Shaoping Peng,
| | - Shaoping Peng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tianyu Zhong, ; Shaoping Peng,
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Wu T, Liu Y, Ali NM, Zhang B, Cui X. Effects of Exosomes on Tumor Bioregulation and Diagnosis. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5157-5168. [PMID: 36816660 PMCID: PMC9933233 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are lipid bilayer vesicles in biological fluids, which can participate in biological processes by mediating intercellular communication and activating intracellular signaling pathways, especially cancerogenic processes, such as proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and immune regulation of cancer cells. Besides, cancer-derived exosomes are also involved in tumor diagnosis and therapy as biomarkers and nanotransport devices. This article reviews the latest research progress on the biological regulation and disease diagnosis of exosomes in tumors, with the aim of providing new ideas for the clinical treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Department
of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of
Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department
of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of
Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P.R. China
- Department
of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital
of Dalian University, Dalian 116011, P.R. China
| | - Nasra Mohamoud Ali
- Department
of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of
Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department
of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of
Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaonan Cui
- Department
of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of
Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P.R. China
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Peng W, Chen J, Xiao Y, Su G, Chen Y, Cui Z. Cancer-Testis Antigen LDH-C4 in Tissue, Serum, and Serum-Derived Exosomes Serves as a Promising Biomarker in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:912624. [PMID: 35814471 PMCID: PMC9263124 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.912624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective As a cancer-testis antigen (CTA), human lactate dehydrogenase C4 (LDH-C4) enzyme protein encoded by the LDHC gene has been reported to be involved in the occurrence and development of various malignancies, while its expression and clinical significance in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the expression of LDH-C4 in LUAD and its diagnostic and prognostic value. Methods The mRNA and protein levels of LDH-C4 in LUAD and adjacent normal tissues were analyzed based on the UALCAN database, and the prognostic significance was assessed using the LOGpc database. The LDHC mRNA level in serum and serum secretion of LUAD patients was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Based on the high-throughput LUAD tissue chip combined with immunohistochemistry (IHC), the protein level of LDH-C4 in LUAD tissues was measured, and its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis was analyzed. Results LDHC expression was upregulated in LUAD, which was related to the clinical stage and poor prognosis of patients. The positive rates of LDHC mRNA expression in serum and exosome of LUAD patients were 78.3% and 66.7%, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of serum and exosomal LDHC in the diagnosis of LUAD was 0.8121 and 0.8925, respectively. The expression of LDHC in serum and serum-derived exosomes from LUAD patients was negatively correlated with medical treatment and positively correlated with the recurrence of LUAD. The positive expression rate of LDH-C4 in LUAD tissues was 96.7% (89/92), which was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues 22.6% (19/84) (p < 0.001). The median overall survival (OS) time of patients with a high expression of LDH-C4 was significantly shorter than that of patients with low expression (34 months versus 62 months) (p = 0.016). Further relative risk analysis exhibited that the expression of LDH-C4 was an independent prognostic factor of OS in patients with LUAD. Conclusions LDHC/LDH-C4 expression was upregulated in LUAD, and LDH-C4 could be used as a molecular indicator of the prognosis of LUAD. Serum and serum-derived exosomes of LDHC can be used as an important biomarker for the diagnosis, efficacy evaluation, and recurrence monitoring of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yan Chen
- *Correspondence: Zhaolei Cui, ; Yan Chen,
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