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Jiang M, Wu W, Xiong Z, Yu X, Ye Z, Wu Z. Targeting autophagy drug discovery: Targets, indications and development trends. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116117. [PMID: 38295689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a vital role in sustaining cellular homeostasis and its alterations have been implicated in the etiology of many diseases. Drugs development targeting autophagy began decades ago and hundreds of agents were developed, some of which are licensed for the clinical usage. However, no existing intervention specifically aimed at modulating autophagy is available. The obstacles that prevent drug developments come from the complexity of the actual impact of autophagy regulators in disease scenarios. With the development and application of new technologies, several promising categories of compounds for autophagy-based therapy have emerged in recent years. In this paper, the autophagy-targeted drugs based on their targets at various hierarchical sites of the autophagic signaling network, e.g., the upstream and downstream of the autophagosome and the autophagic components with enzyme activities are reviewed and analyzed respectively, with special attention paid to those at preclinical or clinical trials. The drugs tailored to specific autophagy alone and combination with drugs/adjuvant therapies widely used in clinical for various diseases treatments are also emphasized. The emerging drug design and development targeting selective autophagy receptors (SARs) and their related proteins, which would be expected to arrest or reverse the progression of disease in various cancers, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders, are critically reviewed. And the challenges and perspective in clinically developing autophagy-targeted drugs and possible combinations with other medicine are considered in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Wayne Wu
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Zijie Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Department of Biology, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Zihong Ye
- Department of Biology, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Zhiping Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, China Jiliang University, China.
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Ebrahimi N, Manavi MS, Faghihkhorasani F, Fakhr SS, Baei FJ, Khorasani FF, Zare MM, Far NP, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Ren J, Reiter RJ, Nabavi N, Aref AR, Chen C, Ertas YN, Lu Q. Harnessing function of EMT in cancer drug resistance: a metastasis regulator determines chemotherapy response. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:457-479. [PMID: 38227149 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complicated molecular process that governs cellular shape and function changes throughout tissue development and embryogenesis. In addition, EMT contributes to the development and spread of tumors. Expanding and degrading the surrounding microenvironment, cells undergoing EMT move away from the main location. On the basis of the expression of fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP1), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), collagen, and smooth muscle actin (-SMA), the mesenchymal phenotype exhibited in fibroblasts is crucial for promoting EMT. While EMT is not entirely reliant on its regulators like ZEB1/2, Twist, and Snail proteins, investigation of upstream signaling (like EGF, TGF-β, Wnt) is required to get a more thorough understanding of tumor EMT. Throughout numerous cancers, connections between tumor epithelial and fibroblast cells that influence tumor growth have been found. The significance of cellular crosstalk stems from the fact that these events affect therapeutic response and disease prognosis. This study examines how classical EMT signals emanating from various cancer cells interfere to tumor metastasis, treatment resistance, and tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Genetics Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Siavash Seifollahy Fakhr
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Science and Biotechnology, Campus Hamar, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | | | | | - Mohammad Mehdi Zare
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nazanin Pazhouhesh Far
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Translational Medicine Group, Xsphera Biosciences, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Türkiye.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Türkiye.
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
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Zeng LP, Qin YQ, Lu XM, Feng ZB, Fang XL. Identify GADD45G as a potential target of 4-methoxydalbergione in treatment of liver cancer: bioinformatics analysis and in vivo experiment. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:324. [PMID: 37833694 PMCID: PMC10571512 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene gamma (GADD45G), an important member of GADD45 family, has been connected to the development of certain human cancers. Our previous studies have confirmed that GADD45G expression could be upregulated by 4-methoxydalbergione (4MOD) in liver cancer cells, but its potential pathological role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully understood. This study aimed to determine potential role of GADD45G in HCC, and the effects of 4-methoxydalbergione (4MOD) on the regulation of GADD45G expression in vivo were also analyzed. METHODS Publicly available data and in-house immunohistochemistry (IHC) experiments were utilized to explore the expression profiles and clinical significance of GADD45G in HCC samples. Functional enrichment analysis based on GADD45G co-expression genes was used to excavate the molecular mechanism of GADD45G in HCC. We also conducted in vivo experiment on BALB/c nude mice to excavate the inhibitory effect of 4MOD on HCC and to evaluate the differences in the expression of GADD45G in xenograft tissues between the 4MOD-treated and untreated groups. RESULTS GADD45G displayed significant low expression in HCC tissues. Downregulated expression of GADD45G was positively correlated with some high risk factors in HCC patients and predicted worse prognosis of HCC patients. There was a close association of GADD45G mRNA expression and immune cells, including neutrophils, NK cells, CD8 T cells, and macrophages. Co-expressed genes of GADD45G were involved in several pathways including cell cycle, carbon metabolism, and peroxisome. 4MOD could significantly suppress the growth of HCC in vivo, and this inhibitory effect was dependent on the upregulation of GADD45G expression. CONCLUSION GADD45G expression can be used as a new clinical biomarker for HCC and GADD45G may be a potential target for the anti-cancer effect of 4MOD in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Hunan University of Medicine, 492 Jinxinan RD, Huaihua, Hunan, 418000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong RD, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qi Qin
- Department of Pathology, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 85 Hedi RD, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Min Lu
- Department of Pathology, Hunan University of Medicine, 492 Jinxinan RD, Huaihua, Hunan, 418000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Bo Feng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong RD, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xian-Lei Fang
- Department of Pathology, Hunan University of Medicine, 492 Jinxinan RD, Huaihua, Hunan, 418000, People's Republic of China.
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Li M, Xiao Y, Liu P, Wei L, Zhang T, Xiang Z, Liu X, Zhang K, Zhong Q, Chen F. 4‑Methoxydalbergione inhibits esophageal carcinoma cell proliferation and migration by inactivating NF‑κB. Oncol Rep 2023; 49:42. [PMID: 36633144 PMCID: PMC9868687 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
4‑Methoxydalbergione (4‑MD) can inhibit the progression of certain types of cancer; however, its effects on esophageal cancer (EC) remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of 4‑MD on EC and its molecular mechanism. ECA‑109 and KYSE‑105 cells were treated with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 4‑MD. Cell Counting Kit‑8 and colony formation assays were used to analyze cell proliferation. Wound healing assay was performed to evaluate cell migration. ELISA and western blotting were performed to measure the expression levels of NF‑κB and inflammatory cytokines. In cells treated with 4‑MD, proliferation and migration were significantly inhibited, the levels of inflammatory cytokines were downregulated and the NF‑κB signaling pathway was inactivated. Notably, proliferation, migration, inflammation and NF‑κB were promoted by LPS, whereas 4‑MD reversed the increases induced by LPS in EC cells. In conclusion, 4‑MD may attenuate the proliferation and migration of EC cells by inactivating the NF‑κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, P.R. China
| | - Yubo Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, P.R. China
| | - Pinyue Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, P.R. China
| | - Le Wei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, P.R. China
| | - Ti Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, P.R. China
| | - Ziye Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, P.R. China
| | - Keyun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoqing Zhong
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Qiaoqing Zhong, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, CC-454, 1 Deaconess Road (Rosenberg Building), Boston, MA 02215, USA, E-mail:
| | - Fangzhi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China,Professor Fangzhi Chen, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China, E-mail:
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4-Methoxydalbergione Elicits Anticancer Effects by Upregulation of GADD45G in Human Liver Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2023; 2023:6710880. [PMID: 36776954 PMCID: PMC9908360 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6710880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background 4-Methoxydalbergione (4MOD) is a flavonoid isolated from the heartwood of Dalbergia. Studies have demonstrated that 4MOD exerts anticancer activities on bladder cancer and astrocytoma. However, the anticancer activity of 4MOD in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. This study aims to examine its anticancer activities and mechanisms in human liver cancer cells. Methods CCK-8, colony forming, wound healing, transwell migration, and AnnexinV/PI assays were used to assess the anticancer effects of 4MOD in HCC cells. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was selected to explore the possible mechanisms underlying the anti-HCC activity of 4MOD. The mRNA expression levels of target genes were verified through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). A lentiviral shRNA interference technique was used to silence GADD45G expression. GADD45G knockdown was employed to confirm the crucial role of GADD45G in the 4MOD-mediatedanti-HCC effects. Results 4MOD inhibited HCC cells' proliferation and migration and promoted tumor cell apoptosis. RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that 4MOD treatment increased GADD45G expression. Silencing GADD45G reversed 4MOD-mediated inhibition of proliferation, migration, and promotion of apoptosis. Conclusions Our findings show that 4MOD elicits anti-HCC effects by upregulating GADD45G expression and could be a valuable anticancer agent for liver cancer.
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Cheng E, Kirley J, Cespedes Feliciano EM, Caan BJ. Adiposity and cancer survival: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:1219-1246. [PMID: 35971021 PMCID: PMC10101770 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The increasing availability of clinical imaging tests (especially CT and MRI) that directly quantify adipose tissue has led to a rapid increase in studies examining the relationship of visceral, subcutaneous, and overall adiposity to cancer survival. To summarize this emerging body of literature, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of imaging-measured as well as anthropometric proxies for adipose tissue distribution and cancer survival across a wide range of cancer types. METHODS Using keywords related to adiposity, cancer, and survival, we conducted a systematic search of the literature in PubMed and MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection databases from database inception to 30 June 2021. We used a random-effect method to calculate pooled hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) within each cancer type and tested for heterogeneity using Cochran's Q test and the I2 test. RESULTS We included 203 records for this review, of which 128 records were utilized for quantitative analysis among 10 cancer types: breast, colorectal, gastroesophageal, head and neck, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, and renal cancer. We found that imaging-measured visceral, subcutaneous, and total adiposity were not significantly associated with increased risk of overall mortality, death from primary cancer, or cancer progression among patients diagnosed with these 10 cancer types; however, we found significant or high heterogeneity for many cancer types. For example, heterogeneity was similarly high when the pooled HRs (95% CI) for overall mortality associated with visceral adiposity were essentially null as in 1.03 (0.55, 1.92; I2 = 58%) for breast, 0.99 (0.81, 1.21; I2 = 71%) for colorectal, versus when they demonstrated a potential increased risk 1.17 (0.85, 1.60; I2 = 78%) for hepatocellular carcinoma and 1.62 (0.90, 2.95; I2 = 84%) for renal cancer. CONCLUSION Greater adiposity at diagnosis (directly measured by imaging) is not associated with worse survival among cancer survivors. However, heterogeneity and other potential limitations were noted across studies, suggesting differences in study design and adiposity measurement approaches, making interpretation of meta-analyses challenging. Future work to standardize imaging measurements and data analyses will strengthen research on the role of adiposity in cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Cheng
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Jocelyn Kirley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | | | - Bette J Caan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
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Roohaninasab M, Yavari SF, Babazadeh M, Hagh RA, Pazoki M, Amrovani M. Evaluating the Role of lncRNAs in the Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Androgenetic Alopecia Patients. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:603-619. [PMID: 35507254 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hair loss occurs in patients with Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA). The pattern of hair loss is different between men and women. The main cause of hair loss is increased cell apoptosis and decreased regeneration, proliferation and differentiation processes in hair follicles. Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are one of the most important molecules that regulate the processes of apoptosis, regeneration, proliferation and differentiation in hair follicles. Since studies have shown that lncRNAs can be effective in the development of cardiotoxicity and induction of cardiovascular disease (CVD); so effective lncRNAs in the regulation of regeneration, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of hair follicles can be involved in the development of CVD in AGA patients with. Therefore, this study investigated the lncRNAs involved in increasing apoptosis and reducing the processes of regeneration, proliferation and differentiation of hair follicles. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of lncRNAs as a risk factor in the incidence of CVD in AGA patients; it will help to design treatment strategies by targeting signaling pathways without any cardiotoxicity complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Roohaninasab
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Sattarkhan St, Tehran, 1445613131, Iran
| | - Shadnaz Fakhteh Yavari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Parvaz Research Ideas Supporter Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Babazadeh
- Department of Dermatology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mahboubeh Pazoki
- Department of Cardiology, Rasoul Akram General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehran Amrovani
- High Institute for Education and Research in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
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