1
|
Thu YM. Multifaceted roles of SUMO in DNA metabolism. Nucleus 2024; 15:2398450. [PMID: 39287196 PMCID: PMC11409511 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2398450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Sumoylation, a process in which SUMO (small ubiquitin like modifier) is conjugated to target proteins, emerges as a post-translational modification that mediates protein-protein interactions, protein complex assembly, and localization of target proteins. The coordinated actions of SUMO ligases, proteases, and SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligases determine the net result of sumoylation. It is well established that sumoylation can somewhat promiscuously target proteins in groups as well as selectively target individual proteins. Through changing protein dynamics, sumoylation orchestrates multi-step processes in chromatin biology. Sumoylation influences various steps of mitosis, DNA replication, DNA damage repair, and pathways protecting chromosome integrity. This review highlights examples of SUMO-regulated nuclear processes to provide mechanistic views of sumoylation in DNA metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yee Mon Thu
- Department of Biology, Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bhachoo JS, Garvin AJ. SUMO and the DNA damage response. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:773-792. [PMID: 38629643 PMCID: PMC11088926 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The preservation of genome integrity requires specialised DNA damage repair (DDR) signalling pathways to respond to each type of DNA damage. A key feature of DDR is the integration of numerous post-translational modification signals with DNA repair factors. These modifications influence DDR factor recruitment to damaged DNA, activity, protein-protein interactions, and ultimately eviction to enable access for subsequent repair factors or termination of DDR signalling. SUMO1-3 (small ubiquitin-like modifier 1-3) conjugation has gained much recent attention. The SUMO-modified proteome is enriched with DNA repair factors. Here we provide a snapshot of our current understanding of how SUMO signalling impacts the major DNA repair pathways in mammalian cells. We highlight repeating themes of SUMO signalling used throughout DNA repair pathways including the assembly of protein complexes, competition with ubiquitin to promote DDR factor stability and ubiquitin-dependent degradation or extraction of SUMOylated DDR factors. As SUMO 'addiction' in cancer cells is protective to genomic integrity, targeting components of the SUMO machinery to potentiate DNA damaging therapy or exacerbate existing DNA repair defects is a promising area of study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jai S. Bhachoo
- SUMO Biology Lab, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Alexander J. Garvin
- SUMO Biology Lab, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Du Q, Zhu L, Zhong J, Wei X, Zhang Q, Shi T, Han C, Yin X, Chen X, Tong D, Huang Y. Porcine circovirus type 2 infection promotes the SUMOylation of nucleophosmin-1 to facilitate the viral circular single-stranded DNA replication. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012014. [PMID: 38394330 PMCID: PMC10917307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of genome DNA replication in circular single-stranded DNA viruses is currently a mystery, except for the fact that it undergoes rolling-circle replication. Herein, we identified SUMOylated porcine nucleophosmin-1 (pNPM1), which is previously reported to be an interacting protein of the viral capsid protein, as a key regulator that promotes the genome DNA replication of porcine single-stranded DNA circovirus. Upon porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection, SUMO2/3 were recruited and conjugated with the K263 site of pNPM1's C-terminal domain to SUMOylate pNPM1, subsequently, the SUMOylated pNPM1 were translocated in nucleoli to promote the replication of PCV2 genome DNA. The mutation of the K263 site reduced the SUMOylation levels of pNPM1 and the nucleolar localization of pNPM1, resulting in a decrease in the level of PCV2 DNA replication. Meanwhile, the mutation of the K263 site prevented the interaction of pNPM1 with PCV2 DNA, but not the interaction of pNPM1 with PCV2 Cap. Mechanistically, PCV2 infection increased the expression levels of Ubc9, the only E2 enzyme involved in SUMOylation, through the Cap-mediated activation of ERK signaling. The upregulation of Ubc9 promoted the interaction between pNPM1 and TRIM24, a potential E3 ligase for SUMOylation, thereby facilitating the SUMOylation of pNPM1. The inhibition of ERK activation could significantly reduce the SUMOylation levels and the nucleolar localization of pNPM1, as well as the PCV2 DNA replication levels. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of circular single-stranded DNA virus replication and highlight NPM1 as a potential target for inhibiting PCV2 replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianhui Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xueqi Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tengfei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Cong Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinhuan Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xingqi Chen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Ministry of Education, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
- Engineering Research Center of Efficient New Vaccines for Animals, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Y, Wang J, Sun L, Wang B, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Cao B. Active Self-Assembly of Ladder-Shaped DNA Carrier for Drug Delivery. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020797. [PMID: 36677855 PMCID: PMC9862081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of nanotechnology, DNA molecules have been transformed from solely genetic information carriers to multifunctional materials, showing a tremendous potential for drug delivery and disease diagnosis. In drug delivery systems, DNA is used as a building material to construct drug carriers through a variety of DNA self-assembly methods, which can integrate multiple functions to complete in vivo and in situ tasks. In this study, ladder-shaped drug carriers are developed for drug delivery on the basis of a DNA nanoladder. We first demonstrate the overall structure of the nanoladder, in which a nick is added into each rung of the nanoladder to endow the nanoladder with the ability to incorporate a drug loading site. The structure is designed to counteract the decrement of stability caused by the nick and investigated in different conditions to gain insight into the properties of the nicked DNA nanoladders. As a proof of concept, we fix the biotin in every other nick as a loading site and assemble the protein (streptavidin) on the loading site to demonstrate the feasibility of the drug-carrying function. The protein can be fixed stably and can be extended to different biological and chemical drugs by altering the drug loading site. We believe this design approach will be a novel addition to the toolbox of DNA nanotechnology, and it will be useful for versatile applications such as in bioimaging, biosensing, and targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Dalian University, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Dalian University, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Dalian University, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ben Cao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma XY, Zhao JF, Ruan Y, Zhang WM, Zhang LQ, Cai ZD, Xu HQ. ML216-Induced BLM Helicase Inhibition Sensitizes PCa Cells to the DNA-Crosslinking Agent Cisplatin. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248790. [PMID: 36557923 PMCID: PMC9788632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Using standard DNA-damaging medicines with DNA repair inhibitors is a promising anticancer tool to achieve better therapeutic responses and reduce therapy-related side effects. Cell viability assay, neutral comet assay, western blotting (WB), and cell cycle and apoptosis analysis were used to determine the synergistic effect and mechanism of ML216, a Bloom syndrome protein (BLM) helicase inhibitor, and cisplatin (CDDP), a DNA-crosslinking agent, in PCa cells. Based on the online database research, our findings revealed that BLM was substantially expressed in PCa, which is associated with a bad prognosis for PCa patients. The combination of ML216 and CDDP improved the antiproliferative properties of three PCa cell lines. As indicated by the increased production of γH2AX and caspase-3 cleavage, ML216 significantly reduced the DNA damage-induced high expression of BLM, making PC3 more susceptible to apoptosis and DNA damage caused by CDDP. Furthermore, the combination of ML216 and CDDP increased p-Chk1 and p-Chk2 expression. The DNA damage may have triggered the ATR-Chk1 and ATM-Chk2 pathways simultaneously. Our results demonstrated that ML216 and CDDP combination therapy exhibited synergistic effects, and combination chemotherapy could be a novel anticancer tactic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Institute of Technology, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guiyang 550003, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jia-Fu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wang-Ming Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Lun-Qing Zhang
- Guizhou Institute of Technology, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Zheng-Dong Cai
- Guizhou Institute of Technology, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Hou-Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13765056884
| |
Collapse
|