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Veiga D, Peralta M, Gouveia ÉR, Carvalho L, Encantado J, Teixeira PJ, Marques A. Moderating Effect of Grip Strength in the Association between Diabetes Mellitus and Depressive Symptomatology. Sports (Basel) 2023; 12:3. [PMID: 38275982 PMCID: PMC10819407 DOI: 10.3390/sports12010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and depression rank among the leading causes of disease burden and are present in the top ten causes of disability-adjusted life years worldwide. Numerous studies have shown that both depression and diabetes have a detrimental effect on the quality of life, and when they coexist, the effect is considerably worse. This study aimed to analyse how grip strength moderates the relationship between diabetes and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults. In total, 41,701 participants (18,003 men) in wave 8 of the cross-sectional population-based Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (2019/2020) data were studied. A dynamometer was used to test grip strength twice on each hand. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 12-item EURO-D scale. The relationship between diabetes and depressive symptoms is negatively moderated by grip strength (male: B = -0.03, 95% CI = -0.04, -0.03; female: B = -0.06, 95% CI = -0.07, -0.06). Furthermore, the significant zone grip strength moderation values for males and females were less than 48.7 kg and 38.9 kg, respectively. Muscular strength was a moderator of depressive symptoms, attenuating its association with diabetes. This supports the premise that physical activity, namely muscle-strengthening exercises, should be included in diabetes treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Veiga
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal; (D.V.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.J.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Miguel Peralta
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal; (D.V.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.J.T.); (A.M.)
- ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Élvio R. Gouveia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
- LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Laura Carvalho
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal; (D.V.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.J.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Jorge Encantado
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal; (D.V.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.J.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Pedro J. Teixeira
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal; (D.V.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.J.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal; (D.V.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.J.T.); (A.M.)
- ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
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