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Lennon JC, Czochara B. Questioning Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: a Case Report of Multiple Etiological Factors. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROPSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40817-019-00065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Poletti B, Carelli L, Faini A, Solca F, Meriggi P, Lafronza A, Ciringione L, Pedroli E, Ticozzi N, Ciammola A, Cipresso P, Riva G, Silani V. The Arrows and Colors Cognitive Test (ACCT): A new verbal-motor free cognitive measure for executive functions in ALS. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200953. [PMID: 30091987 PMCID: PMC6084851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective The presence of executive deficits in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is well established, even if standardized measures are difficult to obtain due to progressive physical disability of the patients. We present clinical data concerning a newly developed measure of cognitive flexibility, administered by means of Eye-Tracking (ET) technology in order to bypass verbal-motor limitations. Methods 21 ALS patients and 21 age-and education-matched healthy subjects participated in an ET-based cognitive assessment, including a newly developed test of cognitive flexibility (Arrows and Colors Cognitive Test–ACCT) and other oculomotor-driven measures of cognitive functions. A standard screening of frontal and working memory abilities and global cognitive efficiency was administered to all subjects, in addition to a psychological self-rated assessment. For ALS patients, a clinical examination was also performed. Results ACCT successfully discriminated between patients and healthy controls, mainly concerning execution times obtained at different subtests. A qualitative analysis performed on error distributions in patients highlighted a lower prevalence of perseverative errors, with respect to other type of errors. Correlations between ACCT and other ET-based frontal-executive measures were significant and involved different frontal sub-domains. Limited correlations were observed between ACCT and standard ‘paper and pencil’ cognitive tests. Conclusions The newly developed ET-based measure of cognitive flexibility could be a useful tool to detect slight frontal impairments in non-demented ALS patients by bypassing verbal-motor limitations through the oculomotor-driven administration. The findings reported in the present study represent the first contribution towards the development of a full verbal-motor free executive test for ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Poletti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience—IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Laura Carelli
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience—IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Faini
- Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences—IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Solca
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, “Dino Ferrari” Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Meriggi
- ICT & Biomedical Technology Integration Unit, Centre for Innovation and Technology Transfer (CITT), Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lafronza
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience—IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciana Ciringione
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Elisa Pedroli
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience—IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, “Dino Ferrari” Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciammola
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience—IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Cipresso
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience—IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, “Dino Ferrari” Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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de Vries BS, Rustemeijer LM, van der Kooi AJ, Raaphorst J, Schröder CD, Nijboer TC, Hendrikse J, Veldink JH, van den Berg LH, van Es MA. A case series of PLS patients with frontotemporal dementia and overview of the literature. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2017; 18:534-548. [DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2017.1354996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bálint S. de Vries
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
| | - Laura M.M. Rustemeijer
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
| | - Anneke J. van der Kooi
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
| | - Joost Raaphorst
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
| | - Carin D. Schröder
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
| | - Tanja C.W. Nijboer
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, and
| | - Jeroen Hendrikse
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H. Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
| | - Leonard H. van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
| | - Michael A. van Es
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
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Proudfoot M, Rohenkohl G, Quinn A, Colclough GL, Wuu J, Talbot K, Woolrich MW, Benatar M, Nobre AC, Turner MR. Altered cortical beta-band oscillations reflect motor system degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 38:237-254. [PMID: 27623516 PMCID: PMC5215611 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous rhythmic neuronal oscillations underpin local and regional cortical communication. The impact of the motor system neurodegenerative syndrome amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) on the neuronal oscillations subserving movement might therefore serve as a sensitive marker of disease activity. Movement preparation and execution are consistently associated with modulations to neuronal oscillation beta (15–30 Hz) power. Cortical beta‐band oscillations were measured using magnetoencephalography (MEG) during preparation for, execution, and completion of a visually cued, lateralized motor task that included movement inhibition trials. Eleven “classical” ALS patients, 9 with the primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) phenotype, and 12 asymptomatic carriers of ALS‐associated gene mutations were compared with age‐similar healthy control groups. Augmented beta desynchronization was observed in both contra‐ and ipsilateral motor cortices of ALS patients during motor preparation. Movement execution coincided with excess beta desynchronization in asymptomatic mutation carriers. Movement completion was followed by a slowed rebound of beta power in all symptomatic patients, further reflected in delayed hemispheric lateralization for beta rebound in the PLS group. This may correspond to the particular involvement of interhemispheric fibers of the corpus callosum previously demonstrated in diffusion tensor imaging studies. We conclude that the ALS spectrum is characterized by intensified cortical beta desynchronization followed by delayed rebound, concordant with a broader concept of cortical hyperexcitability, possibly through loss of inhibitory interneuronal influences. MEG may potentially detect cortical dysfunction prior to the development of overt symptoms, and thus be able to contribute to the assessment of future neuroprotective strategies. Hum Brain Mapp 38:237–254, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Proudfoot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gustavo Rohenkohl
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Quinn
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Giles L Colclough
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Wuu
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Florida
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W Woolrich
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Benatar
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Florida
| | - Anna C Nobre
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Amato N, Cursi M, Rodegher M, Moiola L, Colombo B, Falautano M, Possa F, Comi G, Martinelli V, Leocani L. Stroop event-related potentials as a bioelectrical correlate of frontal lobe dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40893-016-0007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Seer C, Fürkötter S, Vogts MB, Lange F, Abdulla S, Dengler R, Petri S, Kopp B. Executive Dysfunctions and Event-Related Brain Potentials in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:225. [PMID: 26733861 PMCID: PMC4683183 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence implies psychological disturbances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Specifically, executive dysfunctions occur in up to 50% of ALS patients. The recently shown presence of cytoplasmic aggregates (TDP-43) in ALS patients and in patients with behavioral variants of frontotemporal dementia suggests that these two disease entities form the extremes of a spectrum. The present study aimed at investigating behavioral and electrophysiological indices of conflict processing in patients with ALS. A non-verbal variant of the flanker task demanded two-choice responses to target stimuli that were surrounded by flanker stimuli which either primed the correct response or the alternative response (the latter case representing the conflict situation). Behavioral performance, event-related potentials (ERP), and lateralized readiness potentials (LRP) were analyzed in 21 ALS patients and 20 controls. In addition, relations between these measures and executive dysfunctions were examined. ALS patients performed the flanker task normally, indicating preserved conflict processing. In similar vein, ERP and LRP indices of conflict processing did not differ between groups. However, ALS patients showed enhanced posterior negative ERP waveform deflections, possibly indicating increased modulation of visual processing by frontoparietal networks in ALS. We also found that the presence of executive dysfunctions was associated with more error-prone behavior and enhanced LRP amplitudes in ALS patients, pointing to a prefrontal pathogenesis of executive dysfunctions and to a potential link between prefrontal and motor cortical functional dysregulation in ALS, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Seer
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Maj-Britt Vogts
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Lange
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Abdulla
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical SchoolHannover, Germany; Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesMagdeburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dengler
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Petri
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Bruno Kopp
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
Cortical hubs are highly connected nodes in functional brain networks that play vital roles in the efficient transfer of information across brain regions. Although altered functional connectivity has been found in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the changing pattern in functional network hubs in ALS remains unknown. In this study, we applied a voxel-wise method to investigate the changing pattern of cortical hubs in ALS. Through resting-state fMRI, we constructed whole-brain voxel-wise functional networks by measuring the temporal correlations of each pair of brain voxels and identified hubs using the graph theory method. Specifically, a functional connectivity strength (FCS) map was derived from the data on 20 patients with ALS and 20 healthy controls. The brain regions with high FCS values were regarded as functional network hubs. Functional hubs were found mainly in the bilateral precuneus, parietal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, and in several visual regions and temporal areas in both groups. Within the hub regions, the ALS patients exhibited higher FCS in the prefrontal cortex compared with the healthy controls. The FCS value in the significantly abnormal hub regions was correlated with clinical variables. Results indicated the presence of altered cortical hubs in the ALS patients and could therefore shed light on the pathophysiology mechanisms underlying ALS.
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Zurrón M, Lindín M, Galdo-Alvarez S, Díaz F. Age-related effects on event-related brain potentials in a congruence/incongruence judgment color-word Stroop task. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:128. [PMID: 24987369 PMCID: PMC4060640 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the event-related brain potentials elicited by color-word stimuli in a Stroop task in which healthy participants (young and old) had to judge whether the meaning and the color of the stimulus were congruent or incongruent. The Stroop effect occurred in both age groups, with longer reaction times in the older group than in the young group for both types of stimuli, but no difference in the number of errors made by either group. Although the N2 and P3b latencies were longer in the older than in the younger group, there were no differences between groups in the latencies of earlier event-related potential components, and therefore the age-related processing slowing is not generalized. The frontal P150 amplitude was larger, and the parietal P3b amplitude was smaller, in the older than in the younger group. Furthermore, the P3b amplitude was maximal at frontal locations in older participants and at parietal locations in young participants. The age-related increase in perceptual resources and the posterior-to-anterior shift in older adults support adaptive reorganization of the neural networks involved in the processing of this Stroop-type task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Zurrón
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mónica Lindín
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Santiago Galdo-Alvarez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando Díaz
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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