1
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Mussini E, Bianco V, Pitzalis S, Di Russo F. Modulation of neurocognitive functions associated with action preparation and early stimulus processing by response-generated feedback. Biol Psychol 2022; 172:108360. [PMID: 35618162 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Receiving feedback on action correctness is a relevant factor in learning, but only a few recent studies have investigated the neural bases involved in feedback processing and its consequences on performance. Several event-related potentials (ERP) studies investigated the feedback-related negativity, which is an ERP occurring after the presentation of a feedback stimulus. In contrast, the present study investigates the effect of providing feedback on brain activities before and after the presentation of an imperative stimulus with the aim to show how this could have an impact on cognitive functions related to anticipatory and post-stimulus task processing. Participants performed a standard visuomotor task and a modified version of the same task in which feedback sounds were emitted when participants committed performance errors. Overall, results showed that in the feedback task subjects have better cognitive control than in the standard task. All behavioral measures were improved in the feedback task. At the brain level, all the studied components were modulated by the presence of the feedback cue. Results pointed to a possible increase of anticipatory activity in the prefrontal cortex, a reduction of perceptual awareness in areas previously associated with the anterior insular cortex, and an increase of activity associated with selective attention in sensory cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mussini
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina Bianco
- Dept of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pitzalis
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; Dep. of Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging, Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; Dep. of Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging, Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
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2
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Giustiniani A, Battaglia G, Messina G, Morello H, Guastella S, Iovane A, Oliveri M, Palma A, Proia P. Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) Does Not Affect Sports People's Explosive Power: A Pilot Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:640609. [PMID: 33994980 PMCID: PMC8116517 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.640609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study is aimed to preliminary investigate whether transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) could affect explosive power considering genetic background in sport subjects. Methods: Seventeen healthy sports volunteers with at least 3 years of sports activities participated in the experiment. After 2 weeks of familiarization performed without any stimulation, each participant received either 50 Hz-tACS or sham-tACS. Before and after stimulation, subjects performed the following tests: (1) the squat jump with the hands on the hips (SJ); (2) countermovement jump with the hands on the hips (CMJ); (3) countermovement jump with arm swing (CMJ-AS); (4) 15-s Bosco's test; (5) seated backward overhead medicine ball throw (SBOMBT); (6) seated chest pass throw (SCPT) with a 3-kg rubber medicine ball; and (7) hand-grip test. Additionally, saliva samples were collected from each participant. Genotyping analysis was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: No significant differences were found in sport performance of subjects after 50 Hz-tACS. Additionally, we did not find any influence of genetic background on tACS-related effect on physical performance. These results suggest that tACS at gamma frequency is not able to induce an after-effect modulating sport performance. Further investigations with larger sample size are needed in order to understand the potential role of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques (NIBS) in motor performances. Conclusions: Gamma-tACS applied before the physical performance fails to improve explosive power in sport subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreina Giustiniani
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy.,NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Messina
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Hely Morello
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Iovane
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Oliveri
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Palma
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Proia
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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3
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Chapagain D, Wallis LJ, Range F, Affenzeller N, Serra J, Virányi Z. Behavioural and cognitive changes in aged pet dogs: No effects of an enriched diet and lifelong training. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238517. [PMID: 32936808 PMCID: PMC7494100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs demonstrate behavioural changes and cognitive decline during aging. Compared to laboratory dogs, little is known about aging in pet dogs exposed to different environments and nutrition. In this study, we examined the effects of age, an enriched diet and lifelong training on different behavioural and cognitive measures in 119 pet dogs (>6yrs). Dogs were maintained on either an enriched diet or a control diet for one year. Lifelong training was calculated using a questionnaire where owners filled in their dog's training experiences to date. Before commencing the diet and after one year of dietary treatment, they were tested in the Modified Vienna Canine Cognitive Battery (MVCCB) consisting of 11 subtests to examine correlated individual differences in a set of tasks measuring general, social and physical cognition and related behaviours. Fourty two behavioural variables were coded and were subjected to principle component analyses for variable reduction. Twelve subtest level components and two Z-transformed variables were subjected to exploratory factor analysis which resulted in six final factors: Problem solving, Trainability, Sociability, Boldness, Activity-independence and Dependency. Problem solving, Sociability, Boldness, and Dependency showed a linear decline with age, suggesting that the MVCCB can be used as a tool to measure behavioural and cognitive decline in aged pet dogs. An enriched diet and lifelong training had no effect on these factors, calling attention to the fact that the real world impact of nutritional and other interventions in possibly counteracting the effects of aging, should be further investigated in pet dogs living under diverse conditions, in order to understand their ultimate effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Chapagain
- Clever Dog Lab, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Domestication Lab, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa J. Wallis
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Friederike Range
- Clever Dog Lab, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Domestication Lab, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Affenzeller
- Department/Clinic for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Zsófia Virányi
- Clever Dog Lab, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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4
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The role of cognitive reserve on prefrontal and premotor cortical activity in visuo-motor response tasks in healthy old adults. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 94:185-195. [PMID: 32645547 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive reserve (CR) is a key factor to mitigate the cognitive decline during the aging process. Here, we used event-related potentials to target the preparatory brain activities associated with different levels of CR during visuo-motor simple response tasks (SRTs) and discriminative response tasks (DRTs). EEG was recorded from 28 healthy old (Age: 72.2 ± 4.7 years) and 14 young (Age: 22.2 ± 2.4 years) individuals during an SRT and a DRT. Depending on the CR median score, old participants were divided into either a high (High-CR) or a low CR (Low-CR) group. Behavioral performance and electrophysiological data were compared across the 3 groups. Compared with the Low-CR, the High-CR group showed larger prestimulus prefrontal (prefrontal negativity) and premotor activity (Bereitschaftspotential-BP), in the SRT, and increased premotor readiness (BP), in the DRT. The High-CR was faster and more accurate than the Low-CR group in the DRT and SRT, respectively. The High-CR group revealed enhanced brain preparatory activities that, paralleled to their behavioral performance, might reflect neural compensation and maintenance effects possibly counteracting the age-related decline in cognitive functioning.
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5
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Berchicci M, Russo Y, Bianco V, Quinzi F, Rum L, Macaluso A, Committeri G, Vannozzi G, Di Russo F. Stepping forward, stepping backward: a movement-related cortical potential study unveils distinctive brain activities. Behav Brain Res 2020; 388:112663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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6
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Berchicci M, Sulpizio V, Mento G, Lucci G, Civale N, Galati G, Pitzalis S, Spinelli D, Di Russo F. Prompting future events: Effects of temporal cueing and time on task on brain preparation to action. Brain Cogn 2020; 141:105565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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de Tommaso M, Betti V, Bocci T, Bolognini N, Di Russo F, Fattapposta F, Ferri R, Invitto S, Koch G, Miniussi C, Piccione F, Ragazzoni A, Sartucci F, Rossi S, Arcara G, Berchicci M, Bianco V, Delussi M, Gentile E, Giovannelli F, Mannarelli D, Marino M, Mussini E, Pauletti C, Pellicciari MC, Pisoni A, Raggi A, Valeriani M. Pearls and pitfalls in brain functional analysis by event-related potentials: a narrative review by the Italian Psychophysiology and Cognitive Neuroscience Society on methodological limits and clinical reliability-part I. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:2711-2735. [PMID: 32388645 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Event-related potentials (ERPs) are obtained from the electroencephalogram (EEG) or the magnetoencephalogram (MEG, event-related fields (ERF)), extracting the activity that is time-locked to an event. Despite the potential utility of ERP/ERF in cognitive domain, the clinical standardization of their use is presently undefined for most of procedures. The aim of the present review is to establish limits and reliability of ERP medical application, summarize main methodological issues, and present evidence of clinical application and future improvement. The present section of the review focuses on well-standardized ERP methods, including P300, Contingent Negative Variation (CNV), Mismatch Negativity (MMN), and N400, with a chapter dedicated to laser-evoked potentials (LEPs). One section is dedicated to proactive preparatory brain activity as the Bereitschaftspotential and the prefrontal negativity (BP and pN). The P300 and the MMN potentials have a limited but recognized role in the diagnosis of cognitive impairment and consciousness disorders. LEPs have a well-documented usefulness in the diagnosis of neuropathic pain, with low application in clinical assessment of psychophysiological basis of pain. The other ERP components mentioned here, though largely applied in normal and pathological cases and well standardized, are still confined to the research field. CNV, BP, and pN deserve to be largely tested in movement disorders, just to explain possible functional changes in motor preparation circuits subtending different clinical pictures and responses to treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina de Tommaso
- Applied Neurophysiology and Pain Unit-AnpLab-University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Viviana Betti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia (Santa Lucia Foundation), Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bocci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Bolognini
- Department of Psychology & NeuroMi, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Neuropsychology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Sara Invitto
- INSPIRE - Laboratory of Cognitive and Psychophysiological Olfactory Processes, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia (Santa Lucia Foundation), Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Miniussi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.,Cognitive Neuroscience Section, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Piccione
- Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - Aldo Ragazzoni
- Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Fondazione PAS, Scandicci, Florence, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Sartucci
- Section of Neurophysiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (SI-BIN Lab), University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arcara
- Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - Marika Berchicci
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Bianco
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia (Santa Lucia Foundation), Rome, Italy.,Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Delussi
- Applied Neurophysiology and Pain Unit-AnpLab-University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gentile
- Applied Neurophysiology and Pain Unit-AnpLab-University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Giovannelli
- Section of Psychology - Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Mannarelli
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Marino
- Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - Elena Mussini
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Pauletti
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Pisoni
- Department of Psychology & NeuroMi, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Raggi
- Unit of Neurology, G.B. Morgagni - L. Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Valeriani
- Neurology Ward Unit, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, Italy. .,Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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8
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Lucci G, Pisotta I, Berchicci M, Di Russo F, Bonavita J, Scivoletto G, Spinelli D, Molinari M. Proactive Cortical Control in Spinal Cord Injury Subjects with Paraplegia. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:3347-3355. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Lucci
- Electrophysiology of Cognition Lab and Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Iolanda Pisotta
- SPInal REhabilitation Lab–SPIRE, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Berchicci
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico,” Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Electrophysiology of Cognition Lab and Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico,” Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Bonavita
- Spinal Unit, Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola (Bologna), Italy
| | - Giorgio Scivoletto
- SPInal REhabilitation Lab–SPIRE, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Spinelli
- Electrophysiology of Cognition Lab and Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico,” Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Molinari
- SPInal REhabilitation Lab–SPIRE, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Ruggiero F, Ferrucci R, Bocci T, Nigro M, Vergari M, Marceglia S, Barbieri S, Priori A. Spino-cerebellar tDCS modulates N100 components of the P300 event related potential. Neuropsychologia 2019; 135:107231. [PMID: 31628894 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of the cerebellum and spinal cord in cognitive processes, we assessed changes in event-related potentials (ERPs), before and after different combinations of spinal and cerebellar direct current stimulation (tDCS) in healthy subjects. METHOD We enrolled 37 volunteers (11 males and 26 females, aged 20-50 years), who were subsequently randomly assigned to one of four stimulation conditions: i) anodal cerebellar tDCS, with the reference electrode over the right shoulder; ii) anodal spinal tDCS, with the reference electrode over the right shoulder; iii) anodal spinal tDCS with cathodal cerebellar tDCS, and iv) sham stimulation. Stimulation intensity was set at 2 mA and delivered for 20 min. ERPs were assessed in an auditory oddball task before (T0) and 5 (T1) and 30 min (T2) after tDCS offset. RESULTS In condition iii, spino-cerebellar tDCS, the N100 component at T2 increased in amplitude by 60% (p = 0.019), whereas the sham stimulation left the N100 amplitude unchanged (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The N100 wave reflects pre-attentive processes and correlates with arousal due to a specific stimuli and selective attention. Because spino-cerebellar tDCS induces electric fields in the brainstem, the facilitation of the N100 may be due to the modulation of the reticular formation. Regardless of the underlying mechanism, spino-cerebellar tDCS can help patients with deficits at the pre-attentive or selective attentional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Ruggiero
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurophysiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferrucci
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurophysiology Unit, Milan, Italy; "Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Dipartimento di Scienze della salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; III Neurology Clinic, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bocci
- "Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Dipartimento di Scienze della salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; III Neurology Clinic, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Nigro
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurophysiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vergari
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurophysiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Marceglia
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurophysiology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergio Barbieri
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurophysiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Priori
- "Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Dipartimento di Scienze della salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; III Neurology Clinic, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy.
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10
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Kao S, Cadenas‐Sanchez C, Shigeta TT, Walk AM, Chang Y, Pontifex MB, Hillman CH. A systematic review of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness on P3b. Psychophysiology 2019; 57:e13425. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shih‐Chun Kao
- Department of Health and Kinesiology Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana
| | | | | | - Anne M. Walk
- Department of Psychology Eastern Illinois University Charleston Illinois
| | - Yu‐Kai Chang
- Department of Physical Education National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
- Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | | | - Charles H. Hillman
- Department of Psychology Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts
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11
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Berchicci M, Ten Brink AF, Quinzi F, Perri RL, Spinelli D, Di Russo F. Electrophysiological evidence of sustained spatial attention effects over anterior cortex: Possible contribution of the anterior insula. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13369. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marika Berchicci
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences University of Rome “Foro Italico” Rome Italy
| | - Antonia Francisca Ten Brink
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Federico Quinzi
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia) Rome Italy
| | | | - Donatella Spinelli
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences University of Rome “Foro Italico” Rome Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Movement, Human, and Health Sciences University of Rome “Foro Italico” Rome Italy
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12
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Choi D, Li L, Liu H, Zeng L. A recursive partitioning approach for subgroup identification in brain–behaviour correlation analysis. Pattern Anal Appl 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10044-018-00775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Ho S, Gooderham GK, Handy TC. Self-reported free-living physical activity and executive control in young adults. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209616. [PMID: 30586447 PMCID: PMC6306224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To what extent do our free-living physical activity (PA) levels impact our cognition? For example, if we engage in more intense PA from one week to the next, does this have a corresponding influence on cognitive performance? Across three studies, young adults completed a validated self-report questionnaire (the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, or IPAQ) assessing their involvement in PA at low, moderate, and vigorous intensities over the past week, as well as computer-based measures of executive control and attentional function. In Experiment 1 we found no significant effect of PA intensity on any of our measures of executive control. In a pair of follow-up control studies we examined whether these null findings could be attributed to testing fatigue and task complexity (Experiment 2), or low cognitive demands of the task (Experiment 3). Despite simplifying the task, reducing testing time, and increasing the cognitive load of the task, we still found no significant impact of weekly PA intensity on our measures of executive control. Taken together, our results show that self-reported PA over the past week, at any intensity level, does not appear to have a substantive impact on executive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ho
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - G. Kyle Gooderham
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Todd C. Handy
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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14
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Chapagain D, Virányi Z, Huber L, Serra J, Schoesswender J, Range F. Effect of Age and Dietary Intervention on Discrimination Learning in Pet Dogs. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2217. [PMID: 30487772 PMCID: PMC6246696 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in cognitive functions such as learning, memory, attention, cognitive flexibility, and executive functions. Recent evidence indicates that interventions such as exercise, diet and cognitive training can be used to reduce the rate of age-dependent cognitive decline. In this study, we examined the changes in discrimination learning in older pet dogs, tested whether a dietary intervention counteracts a potential decline in learning and evaluated the influence of lifelong training on learning speed and cognitive flexibility. We included 115 pet dogs (>6 years) of 30 different breeds into one of two treatment groups: either a diet enriched with antioxidants, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Phosphatidylserine and tryptophan or a control diet for 1 year. Lifelong training was calculated for each dog using a questionnaire where owners filled their dog’s training experiences over years. Dogs were trained to discriminate different pictures at the start of the dietary intervention using a touch screen methodology. After 1 year of dietary intervention, they were tested on a main picture discrimination task where they were confronted with a discrimination of four new pictures. We used the total number of sessions needed to reach learning criterion as a measure of learning speed and the rate of correction trials as a measure of deficit in learning from feedback/cognitive flexibility. In the main discrimination task, we found an influence of neither age nor diet on the speed of learning and deficit in learning from feedback. We did not find any influence of lifelong training either. The null findings were further corroborated by Bayesian statistics. The null findings might be due to the fact that pet dogs live in a stimulating environment which may reduce the rate of cognitive decline and hinder finding an age or diet effect. Also, the similarity between the training and the main discrimination task might have made the main task too easy for the animals to solve. Further studies are warranted to assess the effect of enriched diets on pet dogs using tasks that measure cognitive functions with a higher sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Chapagain
- Clever Dog Lab, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsófia Virányi
- Clever Dog Lab, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludwig Huber
- Clever Dog Lab, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Julia Schoesswender
- Clever Dog Lab, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friederike Range
- Clever Dog Lab, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Domestication Lab, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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15
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Quinzi F, Berchicci M, Bianco V, Perri RL, Di Russo F. The independency of the Bereitschaftspotential from previous stimulus-locked P3 in visuomotor response tasks. Psychophysiology 2018; 56:e13296. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marika Berchicci
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Science; University of Rome “Foro Italico,” Rome; Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Di Russo
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation; Rome Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Science; University of Rome “Foro Italico,” Rome; Italy
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16
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Perri RL, Berchicci M, Bianco V, Spinelli D, Di Russo F. Brain waves from an "isolated" cortex: contribution of the anterior insula to cognitive functions. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:1343-1355. [PMID: 29124352 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Using two independent electrical neuroimaging techniques (BESA and sLORETA), we tested a fMRI-seeded source modeling indicating that in visual discriminative tasks the anterior insula (aIns) participates in the generation of three prefrontal ERP components: the pN1 (at 115 ms), the pP1 (at 170 ms), and the pP2 (at 300 ms). This latter component represented the focus of the present study. Results showed that the pP2 had different activation profiles across hemispheres. The left aIns activity peaked at 420 ms (30 ms before the response) for both Go and No-go trials, that is independently from the ultimate choice (response or inhibition). The right aIns activity started at about 250 ms and progressively increased for a time interval extending after the motor response; its amplitude was larger in case of Go than No-go stimuli. We suggest that the activation of the left aIns reflected the timing of the decision, and the right aIns the categorization and the performance monitoring processes. A control experiment requiring simple (not discriminative) motor response revealed that the pP2 and the aIns activity were nearly absent after the 250 ms; this result confirmed that the aIns activity at this stage is associated with the decisional processes, and not with the motor response per se. The present investigation shed new lights on the insular contribution to perceptual decision-making, and opens to the possibility of assessing the aIns activity via ERP analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinaldo Livio Perri
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy.
- University Niccolò Cusano, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marika Berchicci
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Bianco
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Spinelli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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17
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Hübner L, Voelcker-Rehage C. Does physical activity benefit motor performance and learning of upper extremity tasks in older adults? - A systematic review. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2017; 14:15. [PMID: 28919929 PMCID: PMC5596935 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-017-0181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Upper extremity motor performance declines with increasing age. However, older adults need to maintain, learn new and relearn known motor tasks. Research with young adults indicated that regular and acute physical activity might facilitate motor performance and motor learning processes. Therefore, this review aimed to examine the association between chronic physical activity and acute bouts of exercise on motor performance and motor learning in upper extremity motor tasks in older adults. Literature was searched via Cochrane library, PubMED, PsycINFO and Scopus and 27 studies met all inclusion criteria. All studies dealt with the influence of chronic physical activity on motor performance or motor learning, no appropriate study examining the influence of an acute bout of exercise in older adults was found. Results concerning the association of chronic physical activity and motor performance are mixed and seem to be influenced by the study design, kind of exercise, motor task, and exercise intensity. Regarding motor learning, a high physical activity or cardiovascular fitness level seems to boost the initial phase of motor learning; results differ with respect to motor retention. Overall, (motor-coordinative) intervention studies seem to be more promising than cross-sectional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hübner
- Sports Psychology, Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Chemnitz University of Technology, Thueringer Weg 11, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Claudia Voelcker-Rehage
- Sports Psychology, Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Chemnitz University of Technology, Thueringer Weg 11, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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18
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The proactive self-control of actions: Time-course of underlying brain activities. Neuroimage 2017; 156:388-393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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19
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Di Russo F, Berchicci M, Bozzacchi C, Perri R, Pitzalis S, Spinelli D. Beyond the “Bereitschaftspotential”: Action preparation behind cognitive functions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 78:57-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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20
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Chapagain D, Virányi Z, Wallis LJ, Huber L, Serra J, Range F. Aging of Attentiveness in Border Collies and Other Pet Dog Breeds: The Protective Benefits of Lifelong Training. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:100. [PMID: 28473766 PMCID: PMC5397477 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging of attentiveness affects cognitive functions like perception and working memory, which can seriously impact communication between dogs and humans, potentially hindering training and cooperation. Previous studies have revealed that aged laboratory beagles and pet Border collies (BC) show a decline in selective attention. However, much less is known about the aging of attentiveness in pet dogs in general rather than in specific breeds. Using 185 pet dogs (75 BC and 110 dogs of other breeds) divided into three age groups [late adulthood (6- < 8 year), senior (8- < 10 year) and geriatric (≥10 year)], we assessed the progress of aging of attentional capture, sustained and selective attention in older dogs in order to explore if prior results in BC are generalizable and to evaluate the influence of lifelong training on measures of attention. Each dog’s lifelong training score (ranging from 0 to 52) was calculated from a questionnaire filled in by the owners listing what kinds of training the dog participated in during its entire life. Dogs were tested in two tasks; the first, measuring attentional capture and sustained attention toward two stimuli (toy and human); and the second, measuring selective attention by means of clicker training for eye contact and finding food on the floor. In the first task, results revealed a significant effect of age but no effect of lifelong training on latency to orient to the stimuli. Duration of looking decreased with age and increased with lifelong training. In the second task, while lifelong training decreased the latency of dogs to form eye contact, aged dogs needed longer to find food. BC did not differ from other dogs in any measures of attention except latency to find food. In conclusion, aged dogs showed a decline in attentional capture and sustained attention demonstrating that these tests are sensitive to detect aging of attentiveness in older pet dogs. Importantly, selective attention remained unchanged with age and lifelong training seemed to delay or reduce the aging of attentiveness, further highlighting the importance of lifelong training in retaining general cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Chapagain
- Clever Dog Lab, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Zsófia Virányi
- Clever Dog Lab, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Lisa J Wallis
- Clever Dog Lab, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of ViennaVienna, Austria.,Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapest, Hungary
| | - Ludwig Huber
- Clever Dog Lab, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | | | - Friederike Range
- Clever Dog Lab, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
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21
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Godde B, Voelcker-Rehage C. Cognitive Resources Necessary for Motor Control in Older Adults Are Reduced by Walking and Coordination Training. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:156. [PMID: 28443006 PMCID: PMC5387041 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined if physical exercise interventions were effective to reduce cognitive brain resources recruited while performing motor control tasks in older adults. Forty-three older adults (63-79 years of age) participated in either a walking (n = 17) or a motor coordination (n = 15) intervention (1 year, 3 times per week) or were assigned to a control group (n = 11) doing relaxation and stretching exercises. Pre and post the intervention period, we applied functional MRI to assess brain activation during imagery of forward and backward walking and during counting backwards from 100 as control task. In both experimental groups, activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during imagery of forward walking decreased from pre- to post-test (Effect size: -1.55 and -1.16 for coordination and walking training, respectively; Cohen's d). Regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between initial motor status and activation change in the right DLPFC (R2 = 0.243, F(3,39) = 4.18, p = 0.012). Participants with lowest motor status at pretest profited most from the interventions. Data suggest that physical training in older adults is effective to free up cognitive resources otherwise needed for the control of locomotion. Training benefits may become particularly apparent in so-called dual-task situations where subjects must perform motor and cognitive tasks concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Godde
- Department of Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University BremenBremen, Germany
- Jacobs Center on Lifelong Learning and Institutional Development, Jacobs University BremenBremen, Germany
- Center for Cognitive Science, Bremen UniversityBremen, Germany
| | - Claudia Voelcker-Rehage
- Jacobs Center on Lifelong Learning and Institutional Development, Jacobs University BremenBremen, Germany
- Center for Cognitive Science, Bremen UniversityBremen, Germany
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Technische Universität ChemnitzChemnitz, Germany
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22
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Hemispheric asymmetries in the transition from action preparation to execution. Neuroimage 2017; 148:390-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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23
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Bianco V, Di Russo F, Perri RL, Berchicci M. Different proactive and reactive action control in fencers’ and boxers’ brain. Neuroscience 2017; 343:260-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Perri RL, Spinelli D, Di Russo F. Missing the Target: the Neural Processing Underlying the Omission Error. Brain Topogr 2017; 30:352-363. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-017-0545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Dascal JB, Teixeira LA. Selective Maintenance of Motor Performance in Older Adults From Long-Lasting Sport Practice. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2016; 87:262-270. [PMID: 27314614 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2016.1188195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Decline of motor performance in older individuals affects their quality of life. Understanding the contribution of sport-related training in advanced ages might help to attenuate motor performance decay as one gets older. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the extent to which long-lasting training in running or sport-specific skills during old age preserves motor performance in different motor tasks. METHOD Older runners and tennis players with at least 10 years of training were assessed as were age-matched and young exercisers. Performance was evaluated for 6 motor tasks requiring different functions of sensorimotor control expected to decline with aging. RESULTS Analysis revealed that runners had increased aerobic fitness in comparison with the other older participants and that they presented similar performance to older exercisers in the motor tasks. Tennis players outperformed the other groups of older participants on coincident timing and simple reaction time and achieved similar performance to the young group on the timing task. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest selective maintenance of task-specific processing through extensive practice of tennis-related motor skills in older adults.
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Perri RL, Berchicci M, Lucci G, Spinelli D, Di Russo F. How the brain prevents a second error in a perceptual decision-making task. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32058. [PMID: 27534593 PMCID: PMC4989192 DOI: 10.1038/srep32058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In cognitive tasks, error commission is usually followed by a performance characterized by post-error slowing (PES) and post-error improvement of accuracy (PIA). Three theoretical accounts were hypothesized to support these post-error adjustments: the cognitive, the inhibitory, and the orienting account. The aim of the present ERP study was to investigate the neural processes associated with the second error prevention. To this aim, we focused on the preparatory brain activities in a large sample of subjects performing a Go/No-go task. The main results were the enhancement of the prefrontal negativity (pN) component -especially on the right hemisphere- and the reduction of the Bereitschaftspotential (BP) -especially on the left hemisphere- in the post-error trials. The ERP data suggested an increased top-down and inhibitory control, such as the reduced excitability of the premotor areas in the preparation of the trials following error commission. The results were discussed in light of the three theoretical accounts of the post-error adjustments. Additional control analyses supported the view that the adjustments-oriented components (the post-error pN and BP) are separated by the error-related potentials (Ne and Pe), even if all these activities represent a cascade of processes triggered by error-commission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinaldo Livio Perri
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Berchicci
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Lucci
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Spinelli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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27
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New insights into old waves. Matching stimulus- and response-locked ERPs on the same time-window. Biol Psychol 2016; 117:202-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Effect of target probability on pre-stimulus brain activity. Neuroscience 2016; 322:121-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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29
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Helsen WF, Van Halewyck F, Levin O, Boisgontier MP, Lavrysen A, Elliott D. Manual aiming in healthy aging: does proprioceptive acuity make the difference? AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:45. [PMID: 27044301 PMCID: PMC5005912 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines whether non-active older adults are more dependent on visual information when executing aiming movements and whether age-related declines in proprioception play a mediating role herein. Young (N = 40) and older adults (N = 38) were divided into physically active and non-active subgroups based on self-reported sports participation levels. In experiment 1, participants executed wrist-aiming movements with and without visual feedback. In experiment 2, passive proprioceptive acuity was assessed using wrist motion detection and position matching tests. Results showed similar aiming accuracy across age groups both with and without visual feedback, but older adults exhibited longer movement times, prolonged homing-in phase, and made more corrective submovements. Passive proprioceptive acuity was significantly affected by physical activity level and age, with participants in the active group scoring better than their non-active peers. However, these declines did not predict performance changes on the aiming task. Taken together, our observations suggest that decline in proprioceptive acuity did not predict performance changes on the aiming task and older adults were able to compensate for their decreased motion and position sense when allowed sufficient time. In line with these observations, we proposed that older adults are able to compensate for their decline in proprioception by increasing their reliance on predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner F Helsen
- Department of Kinesiology, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Florian Van Halewyck
- Department of Kinesiology, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oron Levin
- Department of Kinesiology, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Matthieu P Boisgontier
- Department of Kinesiology, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Lavrysen
- Department of Kinesiology, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Digby Elliott
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Ivor Wynne Centre Hamilton, Ontorio, L8S 4K1, Canada
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30
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Spatiotemporal brain mapping during preparation, perception, and action. Neuroimage 2016; 126:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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31
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Hamou-Jennings FA, Dong C. Resilience training for healthcare providers: an Asian perspective. Mhealth 2016; 2:25. [PMID: 28293600 PMCID: PMC5344134 DOI: 10.21037/mhealth.2016.06.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The level of burnout has been found to be high in medical students, alongside maladaptive coping behaviours such as heightened alcohol and drug intake and mental health issues in the US, Europe and other developed countries. While burnout and resilience in healthcare have been researched in the West, there is a paucity of data in Asia pertaining to these factors. In this article, we review stressors in medicine, specifically during medical school training, the consequences of burnout on physicians' health and patient care, and the interventions that might expound resilience among students. Finally, we present potential solutions within an Asian context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chaoyan Dong
- Sengkang Health, SingHealth, Singapore 159964, Singapore
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32
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Gallotta MC, Emerenziani GP, Monteiro MD, Iasevoli L, Iazzoni S, Baldari C, Guidetti L. PSYCHOPHYSICAL BENEFITS OF ROCK-CLIMBING ACTIVITY. Percept Mot Skills 2015; 121:675-89. [PMID: 26654990 DOI: 10.2466/30.pms.121c26x9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the psychophysical effects of rock climbing with a supervised fitness training in adults. Thirty-three healthy participants (M age=32 yr., SD=7) participated in rock climbing or in fitness training. The participants' functional fitness, anxiety, and mood states were tested before and after 3 mo. of training. There was significant improvement of physical fitness in both groups after the intervention period. Anxiety significantly decreased after each single training session at the end of both courses. Differential effects in the rock-climbing group, as compared to the fitness group, emerged only on Vigor. Specifically, the rock-climbing group showed a decreasing trend in Vigor while the fitness group showed an increasing trend of Vigor after the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Gallotta
- 1 Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome
| | - Gian Pietro Emerenziani
- 1 Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome
| | - Maria Dolores Monteiro
- 2 Departamento de Desporto Exercício e Saúde, Universidade de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luigi Iasevoli
- 1 Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome
| | - Sara Iazzoni
- 1 Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome
| | - Carlo Baldari
- 1 Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome
| | - Laura Guidetti
- 1 Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome
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Abstract
Prior research has suggested benefits of aerobic physical activity (PA) on cognition and brain volumes in HIV uninfected (HIV-) individuals, however, few studies have explored the relationships between PA and brain integrity (cognition and structural brain volumes) in HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals. Seventy HIV+ individuals underwent neuropsychological testing, structural neuroimaging, laboratory tests, and completed a PA questionnaire, recalling participation in walking, running, and jogging activities over the last year. A PA engagement score of weekly metabolic equivalent (MET) hr of activity was calculated using a compendium of PAs. HIV+ individuals were classified as physically active (any energy expended above resting expenditure, n=22) or sedentary (n=48). Comparisons of neuropsychological performance, grouped by executive and motor domains, and brain volumes were completed between groups. Physically active and sedentary HIV+ individuals had similar demographic and laboratory values, but the active group had higher education (14.0 vs. 12.6 years, p=.034). Physically active HIV+ individuals performed better on executive (p=.040, unadjusted; p=.043, adjusted) but not motor function (p=.17). In addition, among the physically active group the amount of physical activity (METs) positively correlated with executive (Pearson's r=0.45, p=0.035) but not motor (r=0.21; p=.35) performance. In adjusted analyses the physically active HIV+ individuals had larger putamen volumes (p=.019). A positive relationship exists between PA and brain integrity in HIV+ individuals. Results from the present study emphasize the importance to conduct longitudinal interventional investigation to determine if PA improves brain integrity in HIV+ individuals.
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Kawagoe T, Suzuki M, Nishiguchi S, Abe N, Otsuka Y, Nakai R, Yamada M, Yoshikawa S, Sekiyama K. Brain activation during visual working memory correlates with behavioral mobility performance in older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:186. [PMID: 26483683 PMCID: PMC4586278 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional mobility and cognitive function often decline with age. We previously found that functional mobility as measured by the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) was associated with cognitive performance for visually-encoded (i.e., for location and face) working memory (WM) in older adults. This suggests a common neural basis between TUG and visual WM. To elucidate this relationship further, the present study aimed to examine the neural basis for the WM-mobility association. In accordance with the well-known neural compensation model in aging, we hypothesized that "attentional" brain activation for easy WM would increase in participants with lower mobility. The data from 32 healthy older adults were analyzed, including brain activation during easy WM tasks via functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and mobility performance via both TUG and a simple walking test. WM performance was significantly correlated with TUG but not with simple walking. Some prefrontal brain activations during WM were negatively correlated with TUG performance, while positive correlations were found in subcortical structures including the thalamus, putamen and cerebellum. Moreover, activation of the subcortical regions was significantly correlated with WM performance, with less activation for lower WM performers. These results indicate that older adults with lower mobility used more cortical (frontal) and fewer subcortical resources for easy WM tasks. To date, the frontal compensation has been proposed separately in the motor and cognitive domains, which have been assumed to compensate for dysfunction of the other brain areas; however, such dysfunction was less clear in previous studies. The present study observed such dysfunction as degraded activation associated with lower performance, which was found in the subcortical regions. We conclude that a common dysfunction-compensation activation pattern is likely the neural basis for the association between visual WM and functional mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikazu Kawagoe
- Graduate School of Social and Cultural Sciences, Kumamoto University Kumamoto, Japan ; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Suzuki
- Faculty of Letters, Kumamoto University Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shu Nishiguchi
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Tokyo, Japan ; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Abe
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Otsuka
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nakai
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Yamada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
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Maintaining older brain functionality: A targeted review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 55:453-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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From cognitive motor preparation to visual processing: The benefits of childhood fitness to brain health. Neuroscience 2015; 298:211-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Clark BC, Law TD, Hong SL. Editorial: "From brain to body: the impact of nervous system declines on muscle performance in aging". Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:66. [PMID: 25983692 PMCID: PMC4415401 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Clark
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University Athens, OH, USA ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Athens, OH, USA ; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ohio University Athens, OH, USA
| | - Timothy D Law
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University Athens, OH, USA ; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ohio University Athens, OH, USA ; Department of Family Medicine, Ohio University Athens, OH, USA
| | - S Lee Hong
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University Athens, OH, USA ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Athens, OH, USA
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Berchicci M, Lucci G, Spinelli D, Di Russo F. Stimulus onset predictability modulates proactive action control in a Go/No-go task. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:101. [PMID: 25964751 PMCID: PMC4410600 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the presence/absence of visual cues specifying the onset of an upcoming, action-related stimulus modulates pre-stimulus brain activity, associated with the proactive control of goal-directed actions. To this aim we asked 12 subjects to perform an equal probability Go/No-go task with four stimulus configurations in two conditions: (1) uncued, i.e., without any external information about the timing of stimulus onset; and (2) cued, i.e., with external visual cues providing precise information about the timing of stimulus onset. During task both behavioral performance and event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Behavioral results showed faster response times in the cued than uncued condition, confirming existing literature. ERPs showed novel results in the proactive control stage, that started about 1 s before the motor response. We observed a slow rising prefrontal positive activity, more pronounced in the cued than the uncued condition. Further, also pre-stimulus activity of premotor areas was larger in cued than uncued condition. In the post-stimulus period, the P3 amplitude was enhanced when the time of stimulus onset was externally driven, confirming that external cueing enhances processing of stimulus evaluation and response monitoring. Our results suggest that different pre-stimulus processing come into play in the two conditions. We hypothesize that the large prefrontal and premotor activities recorded with external visual cues index the monitoring of the external stimuli in order to finely regulate the action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Berchicci
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico" Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Lucci
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy ; Department of Psychology, University of Rome 'La Sapienza' Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Spinelli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico" Rome, Italy ; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico" Rome, Italy ; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
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Perri RL, Berchicci M, Lucci G, Spinelli D, Di Russo F. Why do we make mistakes? Neurocognitive processes during the preparation-perception-action cycle and error-detection. Neuroimage 2015; 113:320-8. [PMID: 25812715 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The event-related potential (ERP) literature described two error-related brain activities: the error-related negativity (Ne/ERN) and the error positivity (Pe), peaking immediately after the erroneous response. ERP studies on error processing adopted a response-locked approach, thus, the question about the activities preceding the error is still open. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the activities preceding the false alarms (FA) are different from those occurring in the correct (responded or inhibited) trials. To this aim, we studied a sample of 36 Go/No-go performers, adopting a stimulus-locked segmentation also including the pre-motor brain activities. Present results showed that neither pre-stimulus nor perceptual activities explain why we commit FA. In contrast, we observed condition-related differences in two pre-response components: the fronto-central N2 and the prefrontal positivity (pP), respectively peaking at 250 ms and 310 ms after the stimulus onset. The N2 amplitude of FA was identical to that recorded in No-go trials, and larger than Hits. Because the new findings challenge the previous interpretations on the N2, a new perspective is discussed. On the other hand, the pP in the FA trials was larger than No-go and smaller than Go, suggesting an erroneous processing at the stimulus-response mapping level: because this stage triggers the response execution, we concluded that the neural processes underlying the pP were mainly responsible for the subsequent error commission. Finally, sLORETA source analyses of the post-error potentials extended previous findings indicating, for the first time in the ERP literature, the right anterior insula as Pe generator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinaldo Livio Perri
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 15 Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 00135, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 78 Via dei Marsi, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marika Berchicci
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 15 Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Lucci
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 78 Via dei Marsi, 00185, Rome, Italy; Unit of Neuropsychology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 306 Via Ardeatina, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Spinelli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 15 Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 00135, Rome, Italy; Unit of Neuropsychology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 306 Via Ardeatina, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 15 Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 00135, Rome, Italy; Unit of Neuropsychology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 306 Via Ardeatina, 00179 Rome, Italy
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Perri RL, Berchicci M, Spinelli D, Di Russo F. Individual differences in response speed and accuracy are associated to specific brain activities of two interacting systems. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:251. [PMID: 25100961 PMCID: PMC4106455 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigates the neurocognitive stages involved in the speed-accuracy trade-off (SAT). Contrary to previous approach, we did not manipulate speed and accuracy instructions: participants were required to be fast and accurate in a go/no-go task, and we selected post-hoc the groups based on the subjects' spontaneous behavioral tendency. Based on the reaction times, we selected the fast and slow groups (Speed-groups), and based on the percentage of false alarms, we selected the accurate and inaccurate groups (Accuracy-groups). The two Speed-groups were accuracy-matched, and the two Accuracy-groups were speed-matched. High density electroencephalographic (EEG) and stimulus-locked analyses allowed us to observe group differences both before and after the stimulus onset. Long before the stimulus appearance, the two Speed-groups showed different amplitude of the Bereitschaftspotential (BP), reflecting the activity of the supplementary motor area (SMA); by contrast, the two Accuracy-groups showed different amplitude of the prefrontal negativity (pN), reflecting the activity of the right prefrontal cortex (rPFC). In addition, the post-stimulus event-related potential (ERP) components showed differences between groups: the P1 component was larger in accurate than inaccurate group; the N1 and N2 components were larger in the fast than slow group; the P3 component started earlier and was larger in the fast than slow group. The go minus no-go subtractive wave enhancing go-related processing revealed a differential prefrontal positivity (dpP) that peaked at about 330 ms; the latency and the amplitude of this peak were associated with the speed of the decision process and the efficiency of the stimulus-response mapping, respectively. Overall, data are consistent with the view that speed and accuracy are processed by two interacting but separate neurocognitive systems, with different features in both the anticipation and the response execution phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinaldo Livio Perri
- Department of Human Movement, Social and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico" Rome, Italy ; Department of Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza" Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Berchicci
- Department of Human Movement, Social and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico" Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Spinelli
- Department of Human Movement, Social and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico" Rome, Italy ; Neuropsychological Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Human Movement, Social and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico" Rome, Italy ; Neuropsychological Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
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Perri RL, Berchicci M, Lucci G, Cimmino RL, Bello A, Di Russo F. Getting ready for an emotion: specific premotor brain activities for self-administered emotional pictures. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:197. [PMID: 24904344 PMCID: PMC4035832 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional perception has been extensively studied, but only a few studies have investigated the brain activity preceding exposure to emotional stimuli, especially when they are triggered by the subject himself. Here, we sought to investigate the emotional expectancy by means of movement related cortical potentials (MRCPs) in a self-paced task, in which the subjects begin the affective experience by pressing a key. In this experiment, participants had to alternatively press two keys to concomitantly display positive, negative, neutral, and scrambled images extracted from the International Affective Pictures System (IAPS). Each key press corresponded to a specific emotional category, and the experimenter communicated the coupling before each trial so that the subjects always knew the valence of the forthcoming picture. The main results of the present study included a bilateral positive activity in prefrontal areas during expectancy of more arousing pictures (positive and negative) and an early and sustained positivity over occipital areas, especially during negative expectancy. In addition, we observed more pronounced and anteriorly distributed Late Positive Potential (LPPs) components in the emotional conditions. In conclusion, these results show that emotional expectancy can influence brain activity in both motor preparation and stimulus perception, suggesting enhanced pre-processing in the to-be-stimulated areas. We propose that before a predictable emotional stimulus, both appetitive and defensive motivational systems act to facilitate the forthcoming processing of survival-relevant contents by means of an enhancement of attention toward more arousing pictures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinaldo L Perri
- Department of Human Movement, Social and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome, Italy ; Department of Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Berchicci
- Department of Human Movement, Social and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Lucci
- Department of Human Movement, Social and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome, Italy ; Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco L Cimmino
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bello
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy ; Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Human Movement, Social and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome, Italy ; Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
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