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Baset A, Huang F. Shedding light on subiculum's role in human brain disorders. Brain Res Bull 2024; 214:110993. [PMID: 38825254 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Subiculum is a pivotal output component of the hippocampal formation, a structure often overlooked in neuroscientific research. Here, this review aims to explore the role of the subiculum in various brain disorders, shedding light on its significance within the functional-neuroanatomical perspective on neurological diseases. The subiculum's involvement in multiple brain disorders was thoroughly examined. In Alzheimer's disease, subiculum alterations precede cognitive decline, while in epilepsy, the subiculum plays a critical role in seizure initiation. Stress involves the subiculum's impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Moreover, the subiculum exhibits structural and functional changes in anxiety, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease, contributing to cognitive deficits. Bipolar disorder is linked to subiculum structural abnormalities, while autism spectrum disorder reveals an alteration of inward deformation in the subiculum. Lastly, frontotemporal dementia shows volumetric differences in the subiculum, emphasizing its contribution to the disorder's complexity. Taken together, this review consolidates existing knowledge on the subiculum's role in brain disorders, and may facilitate future research, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic interventions for various neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Baset
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Fengwen Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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Jarholm JA, Bjørnerud A, Dalaker TO, Akhavi MS, Kirsebom BE, Pålhaugen L, Nordengen K, Grøntvedt GR, Nakling A, Kalheim LF, Almdahl IS, Tecelão S, Fladby T, Selnes P. Medial Temporal Lobe Atrophy in Predementia Alzheimer's Disease: A Longitudinal Multi-Site Study Comparing Staging and A/T/N in a Clinical Research Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:259-279. [PMID: 37248900 PMCID: PMC10657682 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrophy of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is a biological characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can be measured by segmentation of magnetic resonance images (MRI). OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical utility of automated volumetry in a cognitively well-defined and biomarker-classified multi-center longitudinal predementia cohort. METHODS We used Automatic Segmentation of Hippocampal Subfields (ASHS) to determine MTL morphometry from MRI. We harmonized scanner effects using the recently developed longitudinal ComBat. Subjects were classified according to the A/T/N system, and as normal controls (NC), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Positive or negative values of A, T, and N were determined by cerebrospinal fluid measurements of the Aβ42/40 ratio, phosphorylated and total tau. From 406 included subjects, longitudinal data was available for 206 subjects by stage, and 212 subjects by A/T/N. RESULTS Compared to A-/T-/N- at baseline, the entorhinal cortex, anterior and posterior hippocampus were smaller in A+/T+orN+. Compared to NC A- at baseline, these subregions were also smaller in MCI A+. Longitudinally, SCD A+ and MCI A+, and A+/T-/N- and A+/T+orN+, had significantly greater atrophy compared to controls in both anterior and posterior hippocampus. In the entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices, longitudinal atrophy was observed only in MCI A+ compared to NC A-, and in A+/T-/N- and A+/T+orN+ compared to A-/T-/N-. CONCLUSION We found MTL neurodegeneration largely consistent with existing models, suggesting that harmonized MRI volumetry may be used under conditions that are common in clinical multi-center cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Alexander Jarholm
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Atle Bjørnerud
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Unit for Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Oslo University hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Faculty for Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Turi Olene Dalaker
- Department of Radiology, Stavanger Medical Imaging Laboratory, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mehdi Sadat Akhavi
- Department of Technology and Innovation, The Intervention Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Eivind Kirsebom
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Lene Pålhaugen
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaja Nordengen
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gøril Rolfseng Grøntvedt
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Nakling
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lisa F. Kalheim
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ina S. Almdahl
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandra Tecelão
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Selnes
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Laczó M, Martinkovic L, Lerch O, Wiener JM, Kalinova J, Matuskova V, Nedelska Z, Vyhnalek M, Hort J, Laczó J. Different Profiles of Spatial Navigation Deficits In Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarker-Positive Versus Biomarker-Negative Older Adults With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:886778. [PMID: 35721017 PMCID: PMC9201637 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.886778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSpatial navigation impairment is a promising cognitive marker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that can reflect the underlying pathology.ObjectivesWe assessed spatial navigation performance in AD biomarker positive older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (AD aMCI) vs. those AD biomarker negative (non-AD aMCI), and examined associations between navigation performance, MRI measures of brain atrophy, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers.MethodsA total of 122 participants with AD aMCI (n = 33), non-AD aMCI (n = 31), mild AD dementia (n = 28), and 30 cognitively normal older adults (CN) underwent cognitive assessment, brain MRI (n = 100 had high-quality images for volumetric analysis) and three virtual navigation tasks focused on route learning (body-centered navigation), wayfinding (world-centered navigation) and perspective taking/wayfinding. Cognitively impaired participants underwent CSF biomarker assessment [amyloid-β1–42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181)] and amyloid PET imaging (n = 47 and n = 45, respectively), with a subset having both (n = 19).ResultsIn route learning, AD aMCI performed worse than non-AD aMCI (p < 0.001), who performed similarly to CN. In wayfinding, aMCI participants performed worse than CN (both p ≤ 0.009) and AD aMCI performed worse than non-AD aMCI in the second task session (p = 0.032). In perspective taking/wayfinding, aMCI participants performed worse than CN (both p ≤ 0.001). AD aMCI and non-AD aMCI did not differ in conventional cognitive tests. Route learning was associated with parietal thickness and amyloid-β1–42, wayfinding was associated with posterior medial temporal lobe (MTL) volume and p-tau181 and perspective taking/wayfinding was correlated with MRI measures of several brain regions and all CSF biomarkers.ConclusionAD biomarker positive and negative older adults with aMCI had different profiles of spatial navigation deficits that were associated with posterior MTL and parietal atrophy and reflected AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Laczó
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lukas Martinkovic
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Lerch
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan M. Wiener
- Department of Psychology, Ageing and Dementia Research Centre, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Kalinova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Veronika Matuskova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Nedelska
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jakub Hort
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Laczó
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jan Laczó
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Cortes CJ, De Miguel Z. Precision Exercise Medicine: Sex Specific Differences in Immune and CNS Responses to Physical Activity. Brain Plast 2022; 8:65-77. [DOI: 10.3233/bpl-220139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is a powerful lifestyle factor capable of improving cognitive function, modifying the risk for dementia associated with neurodegeneration and possibly slowing neurodegenerative disease progression in both men and women. However, men and women show differences in the biological responses to physical activity and in the vulnerabilities to the onset, progression and outcome of neurodegenerative diseases, prompting the question of whether sex-specific regulatory mechanisms might differentially modulate the benefits of exercise on the brain. Mechanistic studies aimed to better understand how physical activity improves brain health and function suggest that the brain responds to physical exercise by overall reducing neuroinflammation and increasing neuroplasticity. Here, we review the emerging literature considering sex-specific differences in the immune system response to exercise as a potential mechanism by which physical activity affects the brain. Although the literature addressing sex differences in this light is limited, the initial findings suggest a potential influence of biological sex in the brain benefits of exercise, and lay out a scientific foundation to support very much needed studies investigating the potential effects of sex-differences on exercise neurobiology. Considering biological sex and sex-differences in the neurobiological hallmarks of exercise will help to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms by which physical activity benefits the brain and also improve the development of treatments and interventions for diseases of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza J. Cortes
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine
- UAB Nathan Shock Center for the Excellence in the Study of Aging
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine
- UAB Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Zurine De Miguel
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Monterey Bay, CA, USA
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Kagerer SM, Schroeder C, van Bergen JMG, Schreiner SJ, Meyer R, Steininger SC, Vionnet L, Gietl AF, Treyer V, Buck A, Pruessmann KP, Hock C, Unschuld PG. Low Subicular Volume as an Indicator of Dementia-Risk Susceptibility in Old Age. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:811146. [PMID: 35309894 PMCID: PMC8926841 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.811146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hippocampal atrophy is an established Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) biomarker. Volume loss in specific subregions as measurable with ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may reflect earliest pathological alterations. Methods Data from positron emission tomography (PET) for estimation of cortical amyloid β (Aβ) and high-resolution 7 Tesla T1 MRI for assessment of hippocampal subfield volumes were analyzed in 61 non-demented elderly individuals who were divided into risk-categories as defined by high levels of cortical Aβ and low performance in standardized episodic memory tasks. Results High cortical Aβ and low episodic memory interactively predicted subicular volume [F(3,57) = 5.90, p = 0.018]. The combination of high cortical Aβ and low episodic memory was associated with significantly lower subicular volumes, when compared to participants with high episodic memory (p = 0.004). Discussion Our results suggest that low subicular volume is linked to established indicators of AD risk, such as increased cortical Aβ and low episodic memory. Our data support subicular volume as a marker of dementia-risk susceptibility in old-aged non-demented persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja M. Kagerer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Psychogeriatric Medicine, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Schroeder
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Simon J. Schreiner
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Meyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie C. Steininger
- Psychogeriatric Medicine, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia Vionnet
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton F. Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Psychogeriatric Medicine, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaas P. Pruessmann
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neurimmune, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Paul G. Unschuld
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Psychogeriatric Medicine, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Paul G. Unschuld,
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Parker AF, Ohlhauser L, Scarapicchia V, Smart CM, Szoeke C, Gawryluk JR. A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies Comparing Individuals with Subjective Cognitive Decline to Healthy Controls. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1545-1567. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are hypothesized to be the earliest along the cognitive continuum between healthy aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), although more research is needed on this topic. Given that treatment approaches may be most effective pre-clinically, a primary objective of emerging research is to identify biological markers of SCD using neuroimaging methods. Objective: The current review aimed to comprehensively present the neuroimaging studies on SCD to date. Methods: PubMed and PsycINFO databases were searched for neuroimaging studies of individuals with SCD. Quality assessments were completed using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. Results: In total, 62 neuroimaging studies investigating differences between participants with SCD and healthy controls were identified. Specifically, the number of studies were as follows: 36 MRI, 6 PET, 8 MRI/PET, 4 EEG, 7 MEG, and 1 SPECT. Across neuroimaging modalities, 48 of the 62 included studies revealed significant differences in brain structure and/or function between groups. Conclusion: Neuroimaging methods can identify differences between healthy controls and individuals with SCD. However, inconsistent results were found within and between neuroimaging modalities. Discrepancies across studies may be best accounted for by methodological differences, notably variable criteria for SCD, and differences in participant characteristics and risk factors for AD. Clinic based recruitment and cross-sectional study design were common and may bias the literature. Future neuroimaging investigations of SCD should consistently incorporate the standardized research criteria for SCD (as recommended by the SCD-Initiative), include more details of their SCD sample and their symptoms, and examine groups longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh F. Parker
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa Ohlhauser
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Vanessa Scarapicchia
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Colette M. Smart
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Cassandra Szoeke
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jodie R. Gawryluk
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
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Coad BM, Ghomroudi PA, Sims R, Aggleton JP, Vann SD, Metzler-Baddeley C. Apolipoprotein ε4 modifies obesity-related atrophy in the hippocampal formation of cognitively healthy adults. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 113:39-54. [PMID: 35303671 PMCID: PMC9084919 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Age-related inverted U-shaped curve of hippocampal myelin/neurite packing. Reduced hippocampal myelin/neurite packing and size/complexity in obesity. APOE modifies the effects of obesity on hippocampal size/complexity. Age-related slowing of spatial navigation but no risk effects on cognition. CA/DG predict episodic memory and subiculum predicts spatial navigation performance.
Characterizing age- and risk-related hippocampal vulnerabilities may inform about the neural underpinnings of cognitive decline. We studied the impact of three risk-factors, Apolipoprotein (APOE)-ε4, a family history of dementia, and central obesity, on the CA1, CA2/3, dentate gyrus and subiculum of 158 cognitively healthy adults (38-71 years). Subfields were labelled with the Automatic Segmentation of Hippocampal Subfields and FreeSurfer (version 6) protocols. Volumetric and microstructural measurements from quantitative magnetization transfer and Neurite Orientation Density and Dispersion Imaging were extracted for each subfield and reduced to three principal components capturing apparent myelin/neurite packing, size/complexity, and metabolism. Aging was associated with an inverse U-shaped curve on myelin/neurite packing and affected all subfields. Obesity led to reductions in myelin/neurite packing and size/complexity regardless of APOE and family history of dementia status. However, amongst individuals with a healthy Waist-Hip-Ratio, APOE ε4 carriers showed lower size/complexity than non-carriers. Segmentation protocol type did not affect this risk pattern. These findings reveal interactive effects between APOE and central obesity on the hippocampal formation of cognitively healthy adults.
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The 18 kDa translocator protein is associated with microglia in the hippocampus of non-demented elderly subjects. AGING BRAIN 2022; 2:100045. [PMID: 36908874 PMCID: PMC9997180 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increase in the brain expression of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is considered as a marker of neuroinflammation in the context of brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, in non-demented subjects with Alzheimer's neuropathology, TSPO accumulation in hippocampus subdivisions has not been fully characterized. To determine if TSPO is associated with the presence of amyloid β plaques and/or phosphorylated Tau accumulation, we analyzed hippocampal sections using immunohistochemistry of 14 non-demented subjects with positive staining for Aβ and/or phosphorylated Tau. TSPO expression was heterogenous with higher accumulation in the CA2/3 and subiculum subfields of the hippocampus. Its distribution closely resembled that of the microglial IBA1 marker and of the Aβ42 amyloid form. In addition, positive correlations were observed between TSPO and IBA1 densities in CA4, CA2/3 and the subiculum but not with either the astrocyte GFAP marker or the AD-type Aβ and Tau markers. This study sustains the hypothesis that TSPO is mainly associated with microglia and in Aβ42-rich subdivisions in the hippocampus of non-demented elderly individuals.
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Laczó M, Lerch O, Martinkovic L, Kalinova J, Markova H, Vyhnalek M, Hort J, Laczó J. Spatial Pattern Separation Testing Differentiates Alzheimer's Disease Biomarker-Positive and Biomarker-Negative Older Adults With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:774600. [PMID: 34899277 PMCID: PMC8662816 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.774600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The hippocampus, entorhinal cortex (EC), and basal forebrain (BF) are among the earliest regions affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. They play an essential role in spatial pattern separation, a process critical for accurate discrimination between similar locations. Objective: We examined differences in spatial pattern separation performance between older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) with AD versus those with non-Alzheimer’s pathologic change (non-AD) and interrelations between volumes of the hippocampal, EC subregions and BF nuclei projecting to these subregions (medial septal nuclei and vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca – Ch1-2 nuclei) with respect to performance. Methods: Hundred and eighteen older adults were recruited from the Czech Brain Aging Study. Participants with AD aMCI (n = 37), non-AD aMCI (n = 26), mild AD dementia (n = 26), and cognitively normal older adults (CN; n = 29) underwent spatial pattern separation testing, cognitive assessment and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The AD aMCI group had less accurate spatial pattern separation performance than the non-AD aMCI (p = 0.039) and CN (p < 0.001) groups. The AD aMCI and non-AD groups did not differ in other cognitive tests. Decreased BF Ch1-2 volume was indirectly associated with worse performance through reduced hippocampal tail volume and reduced posteromedial EC and hippocampal tail or body volumes operating in serial. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that spatial pattern separation testing differentiates AD biomarker positive and negative older adults with aMCI and provides evidence that BF Ch1-2 nuclei influence spatial pattern separation through the posteromedial EC and the posterior hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Laczó
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Lerch
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lukas Martinkovic
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Kalinova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Markova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jakub Hort
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Laczó
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
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Ravikumar S, Wisse LEM, Lim S, Ittyerah R, Xie L, Bedard ML, Das SR, Lee EB, Tisdall MD, Prabhakaran K, Lane J, Detre JA, Mizsei G, Trojanowski JQ, Robinson JL, Schuck T, Grossman M, Artacho-Pérula E, de Onzoño Martin MMI, Del Mar Arroyo Jiménez M, Muñoz M, Romero FJM, Del Pilar Marcos Rabal M, Sánchez SC, González JCD, de la Rosa Prieto C, Parada MC, Irwin DJ, Wolk DA, Insausti R, Yushkevich PA. Ex vivo MRI atlas of the human medial temporal lobe: characterizing neurodegeneration due to tau pathology. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:173. [PMID: 34689831 PMCID: PMC8543911 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is closely linked to neurodegeneration, and is the early pathological change associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). To elucidate patterns of structural change in the MTL specifically associated with tau pathology, we compared high-resolution ex vivo MRI scans of human postmortem MTL specimens with histology-based pathological assessments of the MTL. MTL specimens were obtained from twenty-nine brain donors, including patients with AD, other dementias, and individuals with no known history of neurological disease. Ex vivo MRI scans were combined using a customized groupwise diffeomorphic registration approach to construct a 3D probabilistic atlas that captures the anatomical variability of the MTL. Using serial histology imaging in eleven specimens, we labelled the MTL subregions in the atlas based on cytoarchitecture. Leveraging the atlas and neuropathological ratings of tau and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology severity, morphometric analysis was performed to correlate regional MTL thickness with the severity of tau pathology, after correcting for age and TDP-43 pathology. We found significant correlations between tau pathology and thickness in the entorhinal cortex (ERC) and stratum radiatum lacunosum moleculare (SRLM). When focusing on cases with low levels of TDP-43 pathology, we found strong associations between tau pathology and thickness in the ERC, SRLM and the subiculum/cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) subfields of the hippocampus, consistent with early Braak stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana Ravikumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Richards Building 6th Floor, Suite D, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Laura E M Wisse
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, 22242, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sydney Lim
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ranjit Ittyerah
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Long Xie
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Madigan L Bedard
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sandhitsu R Das
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - M Dylan Tisdall
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Karthik Prabhakaran
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lane
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John A Detre
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gabor Mizsei
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John L Robinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Theresa Schuck
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emilio Artacho-Pérula
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, CSIC Neuromax Associated Unit, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - María Del Mar Arroyo Jiménez
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, CSIC Neuromax Associated Unit, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Monica Muñoz
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, CSIC Neuromax Associated Unit, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Maria Del Pilar Marcos Rabal
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, CSIC Neuromax Associated Unit, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Sandra Cebada Sánchez
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, CSIC Neuromax Associated Unit, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - José Carlos Delgado González
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, CSIC Neuromax Associated Unit, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Carlos de la Rosa Prieto
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, CSIC Neuromax Associated Unit, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Marta Córcoles Parada
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, CSIC Neuromax Associated Unit, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David A Wolk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ricardo Insausti
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, CSIC Neuromax Associated Unit, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Paul A Yushkevich
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Richards Building 6th Floor, Suite D, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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11
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Forno G, Lladó A, Hornberger M. Going round in circles-The Papez circuit in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:7668-7687. [PMID: 34656073 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is regarded as the pivotal structure for episodic memory symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. However, what is often overlooked is that the hippocampus is 'only' one part of a network of memory critical regions, the Papez circuit. Other Papez circuit regions are often regarded as less relevant for AD as they are thought to sit 'downstream' of the hippocampus. However, this notion is oversimplistic, and increasing evidence suggests that other Papez regions might be affected before or concurrently with the hippocampus. In addition, AD research has mostly focused on episodic memory deficits, whereas spatial navigation processes are also subserved by the Papez circuit with increasing evidence supporting its valuable potential as a diagnostic measure of incipient AD pathophysiology. In the current review, we take a step forward analysing recent evidence on the structural and functional integrity of the Papez circuit across AD disease stages. Specifically, we will review the integrity of specific Papez regions from at-genetic-risk (APOE4 carriers), to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), to dementia stage of sporadic AD and autosomal dominant AD (ADAD). We related those changes to episodic memory and spatial navigation/orientation deficits in AD. Finally, we provide an overview of how the Papez circuit is affected in AD diseases and their specific symptomology contributions. This overview strengthened the need for moving away from a hippocampal-centric view to a network approach on how the whole Papez circuit is affected in AD and contributes to its symptomology, informing future research and clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Forno
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,School of Psychology, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (LANNEC), Physiopathology Department, ICBM, Neurosciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Albert Lladó
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Rayi PR, Kaphzan H. Electrophysiological Characterization of Regular and Burst Firing Pyramidal Neurons of the Dorsal Subiculum in an Angelman Syndrome Mouse Model. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:670998. [PMID: 34512263 PMCID: PMC8427506 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.670998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a debilitating neurogenetic disorder characterized by severe developmental delay, speech impairment, gait ataxia, sleep disturbances, epilepsy, and a unique behavioral phenotype. AS is caused by a microdeletion or mutation in the maternal 15q11-q13 chromosome region containing UBE3A gene. The hippocampus is one of the important brain regions affected in AS mice leading to substantial hippocampal-dependent cognitive and behavioral deficits. Recent studies have suggested an abnormal increase in the α1-Na/K-ATPase (α1-NaKA) in AS mice as the precipitating factor leading to the hippocampal deficits. A subsequent study showed that the hippocampal-dependent behavioral deficits occur as a result of altered calcium (Ca+2) dynamics in the CA1 pyramidal neurons (PNs) caused by the elevated α1-NaKA expression levels in the AS mice. Nonetheless, a causal link between hippocampal deficits and major behavioral phenotypes in AS is still obscure. Subiculum, a region adjacent to the hippocampal CA1 is the major output source of the hippocampus and plays an important role in the transfer of information from the CA1 region to the cortical areas. However, in spite of the robust hippocampal deficits and several known electrophysiological alterations in multiple brain regions in AS mice, the neuronal properties of the subicular neurons were never investigated in these mice. Additionally, subicular function is also implied in many neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and epilepsy that share some common features with AS. Therefore, given the importance of the subiculum in these neuropsychiatric disorders and the altered electrophysiological properties of the hippocampal CA1 PNs projecting to the subiculum, we sought to examine the subicular PNs. We performed whole-cell recordings from dorsal subiculum of both WT and AS mice and found three distinct populations of PNs based on their ability to fire bursts or single action potentials following somatic current injection: strong bursting, weak bursting, and regular firing neurons. We found no overall differences in the distribution of these different subicular PN populations among AS and WT controls. However, the different cell types showed distinct alterations in their intrinsic membrane properties. Further, none of these populations were altered in their excitatory synaptic properties. Altogether, our study characterized the different subtypes of PNs in the subicular region of an AS mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prudhvi Raj Rayi
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hanoch Kaphzan
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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13
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Cremona S, Zago L, Mellet E, Petit L, Laurent A, Pepe A, Tsuchida A, Beguedou N, Joliot M, Tzourio C, Mazoyer B, Crivello F. Novel characterization of the relationship between verbal list-learning outcomes and hippocampal subfields in healthy adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:5264-5277. [PMID: 34453474 PMCID: PMC8519870 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between hippocampal subfield volumetry and verbal list‐learning test outcomes have mostly been studied in clinical and elderly populations, and remain controversial. For the first time, we characterized a relationship between verbal list‐learning test outcomes and hippocampal subfield volumetry on two large separate datasets of 447 and 1,442 healthy young and middle‐aged adults, and explored the processes that could explain this relationship. We observed a replicable positive linear correlation between verbal list‐learning test free recall scores and CA1 volume, specific to verbal list learning as demonstrated by the hippocampal subfield volumetry independence from verbal intelligence. Learning meaningless items was also positively correlated with CA1 volume, pointing to the role of the test design rather than word meaning. Accordingly, we found that association‐based mnemonics mediated the relationship between verbal list‐learning test outcomes and CA1 volume. This mediation suggests that integrating items into associative representations during verbal list‐learning tests explains CA1 volume variations: this new explanation is consistent with the associative functions of the human CA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Cremona
- Université de Bordeaux - Neurocampus, CEA, CNRS, IMN UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laure Zago
- Université de Bordeaux - Neurocampus, CEA, CNRS, IMN UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuel Mellet
- Université de Bordeaux - Neurocampus, CEA, CNRS, IMN UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Petit
- Université de Bordeaux - Neurocampus, CEA, CNRS, IMN UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandre Laurent
- Université de Bordeaux - Neurocampus, CEA, CNRS, IMN UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Antonietta Pepe
- Université de Bordeaux - Neurocampus, CEA, CNRS, IMN UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ami Tsuchida
- Université de Bordeaux - Neurocampus, CEA, CNRS, IMN UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Naka Beguedou
- Université de Bordeaux - Neurocampus, CEA, CNRS, IMN UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc Joliot
- Université de Bordeaux - Neurocampus, CEA, CNRS, IMN UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- Université de Bordeaux - Département Santé publique, INSERM, BPH U 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Université de Bordeaux - Neurocampus, CEA, CNRS, IMN UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,Institut des maladies neurodégénératives clinique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- Université de Bordeaux - Neurocampus, CEA, CNRS, IMN UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
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14
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Berron D, Vogel JW, Insel PS, Pereira JB, Xie L, Wisse LEM, Yushkevich PA, Palmqvist S, Mattsson-Carlgren N, Stomrud E, Smith R, Strandberg O, Hansson O. Early stages of tau pathology and its associations with functional connectivity, atrophy and memory. Brain 2021; 144:2771-2783. [PMID: 33725124 PMCID: PMC8557349 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease, postmortem studies have shown that the first cortical site where neurofibrillary tangles appear is the transentorhinal region, a subregion within the medial temporal lobe that largely overlaps with area 35, and the entorhinal cortex. Here we used tau-PET imaging to investigate the sequence of tau pathology progression within the human medial temporal lobe and across regions in the posterior-medial system. Our objective was to study how medial temporal tau is related to functional connectivity, regional atrophy, and memory performance. We included 215 β-amyloid negative cognitively unimpaired, 81 β-amyloid positive cognitively unimpaired and 87 β-amyloid positive individuals with mild cognitive impairment, who each underwent [18]F-RO948 tau and [18]F-flutemetamol amyloid PET imaging, structural T1-MRI and memory assessments as part of the Swedish BioFINDER-2 study. First, event-based modelling revealed that the entorhinal cortex and area 35 show the earliest signs of tau accumulation followed by the anterior and posterior hippocampus, area 36 and the parahippocampal cortex. In later stages, tau accumulation became abnormal in neocortical temporal and finally parietal brain regions. Second, in cognitively unimpaired individuals, increased tau load was related to local atrophy in the entorhinal cortex, area 35 and the anterior hippocampus and tau load in several anterior medial temporal lobe subregions was associated with distant atrophy of the posterior hippocampus. Tau load, but not atrophy, in these regions was associated with lower memory performance. Further, tau-related reductions in functional connectivity in critical networks between the medial temporal lobe and regions in the posterior-medial system were associated with this early memory impairment. Finally, in patients with mild cognitive impairment, the association of tau load in the hippocampus with memory performance was partially mediated by posterior hippocampal atrophy. In summary, our findings highlight the progression of tau pathology across medial temporal lobe subregions and its disease-stage specific association with memory performance. While tau pathology might affect memory performance in cognitively unimpaired individuals via reduced functional connectivity in critical medial temporal lobe-cortical networks, memory impairment in mild cognitively impaired patients is associated with posterior hippocampal atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Berron
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jacob W Vogel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 19104 Philadelphia, USA
| | - Philip S Insel
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, 94143 San Francisco, USA
| | - Joana B Pereira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Long Xie
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL), University of Pennsylvania, 19104, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 19104 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura E M Wisse
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL), University of Pennsylvania, 19104, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 19104 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Paul A Yushkevich
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL), University of Pennsylvania, 19104, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 19104 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sebastian Palmqvist
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Stomrud
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ruben Smith
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Olof Strandberg
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 19104 Philadelphia, USA
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15
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Sämann PG, Iglesias JE, Gutman B, Grotegerd D, Leenings R, Flint C, Dannlowski U, Clarke‐Rubright EK, Morey RA, Erp TG, Whelan CD, Han LKM, Velzen LS, Cao B, Augustinack JC, Thompson PM, Jahanshad N, Schmaal L. FreeSurfer
‐based segmentation of hippocampal subfields: A review of methods and applications, with a novel quality control procedure for
ENIGMA
studies and other collaborative efforts. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 43:207-233. [PMID: 33368865 PMCID: PMC8805696 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural hippocampal abnormalities are common in many neurological and psychiatric disorders, and variation in hippocampal measures is related to cognitive performance and other complex phenotypes such as stress sensitivity. Hippocampal subregions are increasingly studied, as automated algorithms have become available for mapping and volume quantification. In the context of the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis Consortium, several Disease Working Groups are using the FreeSurfer software to analyze hippocampal subregion (subfield) volumes in patients with neurological and psychiatric conditions along with data from matched controls. In this overview, we explain the algorithm's principles, summarize measurement reliability studies, and demonstrate two additional aspects (subfield autocorrelation and volume/reliability correlation) with illustrative data. We then explain the rationale for a standardized hippocampal subfield segmentation quality control (QC) procedure for improved pipeline harmonization. To guide researchers to make optimal use of the algorithm, we discuss how global size and age effects can be modeled, how QC steps can be incorporated and how subfields may be aggregated into composite volumes. This discussion is based on a synopsis of 162 published neuroimaging studies (01/2013–12/2019) that applied the FreeSurfer hippocampal subfield segmentation in a broad range of domains including cognition and healthy aging, brain development and neurodegeneration, affective disorders, psychosis, stress regulation, neurotoxicity, epilepsy, inflammatory disease, childhood adversity and posttraumatic stress disorder, and candidate and whole genome (epi‐)genetics. Finally, we highlight points where FreeSurfer‐based hippocampal subfield studies may be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Eugenio Iglesias
- Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London UK
- The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts US
- Computer Science and AI Laboratory (CSAIL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge Massachusetts US
| | - Boris Gutman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago USA
| | | | - Ramona Leenings
- Department of Psychiatry University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Claas Flint
- Department of Psychiatry University of Münster Münster Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Münster Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Emily K. Clarke‐Rubright
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
- VISN 6 MIRECC, Durham VA Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Rajendra A. Morey
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
- VISN 6 MIRECC, Durham VA Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Theo G.M. Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior University of California Irvine California USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory University of California Irvine Irvine California USA
| | - Christopher D. Whelan
- Imaging Genetics Center Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Laura K. M. Han
- Department of Psychiatry Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Laura S. Velzen
- Orygen Parkville Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Canada
| | - Jean C. Augustinack
- The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts US
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen Parkville Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
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16
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Structural imaging outcomes in subjective cognitive decline: Community vs. clinical-based samples. Exp Gerontol 2020; 145:111216. [PMID: 33340685 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has been proposed as a preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroimaging studies have suggested early AD-like structural brain alterations in SCD subjects compared to healthy controls. However, there is substantial heterogeneity in the results, which might depend on whether SCD samples were drawn from the community or from memory clinics. Here we reviewed brain atrophy, assessed through structural magnetic resonance imaging, separately for SCD-community and clinic-based samples. SCD-community samples show a more consistent pattern of atrophy, involving the hippocampus and temporal and parietal cortices. Similarly, in SCD-clinic samples the temporo-parietal cortex showed early vulnerability, however these studies reported a more heterogeneous atrophy pattern. Overall, these studies suggest both commonalities and differences in brain atrophy patterns between SCD clinical and community samples. In SCD-community, the temporal cortex is involved, while SCD-clinical exhibited a more complex pattern of atrophy, which may be related to a more heterogeneous sample reporting neuropsychiatric symptoms along with preclinical AD.
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17
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Memory Reactivation during Learning Simultaneously Promotes Dentate Gyrus/CA 2,3 Pattern Differentiation and CA 1 Memory Integration. J Neurosci 2020; 41:726-738. [PMID: 33239402 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0394-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Events that overlap with previous experience may trigger reactivation of existing memories. However, such reactivation may have different representational consequences within the hippocampal circuit. Computational theories of hippocampal function suggest that dentate gyrus and CA2,3 (DG/CA2,3) are biased to differentiate highly similar memories, whereas CA1 may integrate related events by representing them with overlapping neural codes. Here, we tested whether the formation of differentiated or integrated representations in hippocampal subfields depends on the strength of memory reactivation during learning. Human participants of both sexes learned associations (AB pairs, either face-shape or scene-shape), and then underwent fMRI scanning while they encoded overlapping associations (BC shape-object pairs). Both before and after learning, participants were also scanned while viewing indirectly related elements of the overlapping memories (A and C images) in isolation. We used multivariate pattern analyses to measure reactivation of initial pair memories (A items) during overlapping pair (BC) learning, as well as learning-related representational change for indirectly related memory elements in hippocampal subfields. When prior memories were strongly reactivated during overlapping pair encoding, DG/CA2,3 and subiculum representations for indirectly related images (A and C) became less similar, consistent with pattern differentiation. Simultaneously, memory reactivation during new learning promoted integration in CA1, where representations for indirectly related memory elements became more similar after learning. Furthermore, memory reactivation and subiculum representation predicted faster and more accurate inference (AC) decisions. These data show that reactivation of related memories during new learning leads to dissociable coding strategies in hippocampal subfields, in line with computational theories.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The flexibility of episodic memory allows us to remember both the details that differentiate similar events and the commonalities among them. Here, we tested how reactivation of past experience during new learning promotes formation of neural representations that might serve these two memory functions. We found that memory reactivation during learning promoted formation of differentiated representations for overlapping memories in the dentate gyrus/CA2,3 and subiculum subfields of the hippocampus, while simultaneously leading to the formation of integrated representations of related events in subfield CA1 Furthermore, memory reactivation and subiculum representation predicted success when inferring indirect relationships among events. These findings indicate that memory reactivation is an important learning signal that influences how overlapping events are represented within the hippocampal circuit.
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18
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Mårtensson G, Håkansson C, Pereira JB, Palmqvist S, Hansson O, van Westen D, Westman E. Medial temporal atrophy in preclinical dementia: Visual and automated assessment during six year follow-up. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 27:102310. [PMID: 32580125 PMCID: PMC7317671 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Visual MTA ratings can detect longitudinal changes in preclinical dementia patients. Medial temporal atrophy rate is greater in individuals with an AD biomarker profile. Visual MTA ratings provide a robust alternative to automated measures.
Medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy is an important morphological marker of many dementias and is closely related to cognitive decline. In this study we aimed to characterize longitudinal progression of MTL atrophy in 93 individuals with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment followed up over six years, and to assess if clinical rating scales are able to detect these changes. All MRI images were visually rated according to Scheltens’ scale of medial temporal atrophy (MTA) by two neuroradiologists and AVRA, a software for automated MTA ratings. The images were also segmented using FreeSurfer’s longitudinal pipeline in order to compare the MTA ratings to volumes of the hippocampi and inferior lateral ventricles. We found that MTL atrophy rates increased with CSF biomarker abnormality, used to define preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s Disease. Both AVRA’s and the radiologists’ MTA ratings showed similar longitudinal trends as the subcortical volumes, suggesting that visual rating scales provide a valid alternative to automatic segmentations. Our results further showed that it took more than 8 years on average for individuals with mild cognitive impairment, and an Alzheimer’s disease biomarker profile, to increase the MTA score by one. This suggests that discrete MTA ratings are too coarse for tracking individual MTL atrophy in short time spans. While the MTA scores from each radiologist showed strong correlations to subcortical volumes, the inter-rater agreement was low. We conclude that the main limitation of quantifying MTL atrophy with visual ratings in clinics is the subjectiveness of the assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Mårtensson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Claes Håkansson
- Diagnostic Radiology, Institution for Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joana B Pereira
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Palmqvist
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmä, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmä, Sweden
| | - Danielle van Westen
- Diagnostic Radiology, Institution for Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Image and Function, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eric Westman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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19
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de Flores R, Wisse LE, Das SR, Xie L, McMillan CT, Trojanowski JQ, Robinson JL, Grossman M, Lee E, Irwin DJ, Yushkevich PA, Wolk DA. Contribution of mixed pathology to medial temporal lobe atrophy in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:843-852. [PMID: 32323446 PMCID: PMC7715004 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is unclear how different proteinopathies (tau, transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 [TDP-43], amyloid β [Aβ], and α-synuclein) contribute to atrophy within medial temporal lobe (MTL) subregions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS We utilized antemortem structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to measure MTL substructures and examined the relative contribution of tau, TDP-43, Aβ, and α-synuclein measured in post-mortem tissue from 92 individuals with intermediate to high AD neuropathology. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed for each subregion in order to discriminate TDP-43-negative and TDP-43-positive patients. RESULTS TDP-43 was strongly associated with anterior MTL regions, whereas tau was relatively more associated with the posterior hippocampus. Among the MTL regions, the anterior hippocampus showed the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC). DISCUSSION We found specific contributions of different pathologies on MTL substructure in this population with AD neuropathology. The anterior hippocampus may be a relevant region to detect concomitant TDP-43 pathology in the MTL of patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin de Flores
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura E.M. Wisse
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sandhitsu R. Das
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Long Xie
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Corey T. McMillan
- Penn FTD Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John L. Robinson
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn FTD Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David J. Irwin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn FTD Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul A. Yushkevich
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David A. Wolk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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20
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Müller-Ehrenberg L, Riphagen JM, Verhey FRJ, Sack AT, Jacobs HIL. Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers Have Distinct Associations with Specific Hippocampal Subfield Volumes. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:811-823. [PMID: 30320590 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Measures of amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid are extensively used for diagnostic and research purposes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) as correlates of cortical thinning and cognitive outcomes. The present study investigated the relationship of Aβ and p-tau with hippocampal subfield volumes Cornu Ammonis (CA) 1-4, dentate gyrus (DG), and subiculum. Subfields were segmented from T1-weighted images from the ADNI-population using FreeSurfer v6. Linear and polynomial regression models revealed distinct associations of Aβ and p-tau with subfield volumes. Aβ had a quadratic relationship with all hippocampal subfield volumes and the inflection point was higher than the validated cut-off for Aβ. For p-tau the relationships were linear, except for CA3, in which it was quadratic. For the CA1 and CA3, these quadratic relationships with Aβ were only observed when p-tau was low. Amyloid and p-tau contributed equally to the explained variance in CA4 and DG volume. Subicular volume was best explained by Aβ alone. These biomarker relationships with hippocampal subfield volumes seem to mirror the hippocampal-specific topography of Aβ and tau reported in neuropathological staging models. In addition, using continuous values of Aβ reveals positive patterns with imaging markers for individuals around the positivity threshold that would be masked when using dichotomized biomarker groups, which can be important for early detection and accurate inclusion of potential participants at risk for AD in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Müller-Ehrenberg
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost M Riphagen
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frans R J Verhey
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander T Sack
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Dunn AR, Kaczorowski CC. Regulation of intrinsic excitability: Roles for learning and memory, aging and Alzheimer's disease, and genetic diversity. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 164:107069. [PMID: 31442579 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Plasticity of intrinsic neuronal excitability facilitates learning and memory across multiple species, with aberrant modulation of this process being linked to the development of neurological symptoms in models of cognitive aging and Alzheimer's disease. Learning-related increases in intrinsic excitability of neurons occurs in a variety of brain regions, and is generally thought to promote information processing and storage through enhancement of synaptic throughput and induction of synaptic plasticity. Experience-dependent changes in intrinsic neuronal excitability rely on activity-dependent gene expression patterns, which can be influenced by genetic and environmental factors, aging, and disease. Reductions in baseline intrinsic excitability, as well as aberrant plasticity of intrinsic neuronal excitability and in some cases pathological hyperexcitability, have been associated with cognitive deficits in animal models of both normal cognitive aging and Alzheimer's disease. Genetic factors that modulate plasticity of intrinsic excitability likely underlie individual differences in cognitive function and susceptibility to cognitive decline. Thus, targeting molecular mediators that either control baseline intrinsic neuronal excitability, subserve learning-related intrinsic neuronal plasticity, and/or promote resilience may be a promising therapeutic strategy for maintaining cognitive function in aging and disease. In this review, we discuss the complementary relationship between intrinsic excitability and learning, with a particular focus on how this relationship varies as a function of age, disease state, and genetic make-up, and how targeting these factors may help to further elucidate our understanding of the role of intrinsic excitability in cognitive function and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Dunn
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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22
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Brunec IK, Robin J, Patai EZ, Ozubko JD, Javadi A, Barense MD, Spiers HJ, Moscovitch M. Cognitive mapping style relates to posterior-anterior hippocampal volume ratio. Hippocampus 2019; 29:748-754. [PMID: 30714271 PMCID: PMC6767592 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
As London taxi drivers acquire "the knowledge" and develop a detailed cognitive map of London, their posterior hippocampi (pHPC) gradually increase in volume, reflecting an increasing pHPC/aHPC volume ratio. In the mnemonic domain, greater pHPC/aHPC volume ratios in young adults have been found to relate to better recollection ability, indicating that the balance between pHPC and aHPC volumes might be reflective of cross-domain individual differences. Here, we examined participants' self-reported use of cognitive map-based navigational strategies in relation to their pHPC/aHPC hippocampal volume ratio. We find that greater reported cognitive map use was related to significantly greater posterior, relative to anterior, hippocampal volume in two separate samples of young adults. Further, greater reported cognitive map usage correlated with better performance on a self-initiated navigation task. Together, these data help to advance our understanding of differences between aHPC and pHPC and the greater role of pHPC in spatial mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva K. Brunec
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Rotman Research InstituteBaycrest Health SciencesTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Jessica Robin
- Rotman Research InstituteBaycrest Health SciencesTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Eva Zita Patai
- Institute of Behavioural NeuroscienceDepartment of Experimental Psychology University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Morgan D. Barense
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Rotman Research InstituteBaycrest Health SciencesTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Hugo J. Spiers
- Institute of Behavioural NeuroscienceDepartment of Experimental Psychology University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Morris Moscovitch
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Rotman Research InstituteBaycrest Health SciencesTorontoOntarioCanada
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23
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Zhao W, Wang X, Yin C, He M, Li S, Han Y. Trajectories of the Hippocampal Subfields Atrophy in the Alzheimer's Disease: A Structural Imaging Study. Front Neuroinform 2019; 13:13. [PMID: 30983985 PMCID: PMC6450438 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2019.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hippocampus and hippocampal subfields have been found to be diversely affected in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and early stages of Alzheimer's disease by neuroimaging studies. However, our knowledge is still lacking about the trajectories of the hippocampus and hippocampal subfields atrophy with the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Objective To identify which subfields of the hippocampus differ in the trajectories of Alzheimer's disease by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to determine whether individual differences on memory could be explained by structural volumes of hippocampal subfields. Methods Four groups of participants including 41 AD patients, 43 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients, 35 subjective cognitive decline (SCD) patients and 42 normal controls (NC) received their structural MRI brain scans. Structural MR images were processed by the FreeSurfer 6.0 image analysis suite to extract the hippocampus and its subfields. Furthermore, we investigated relationships between hippocampal subfield volumes and memory test variables (AVLT-immediate recall, AVLT-delayed recall, AVLT-recognition) and the regression model analyses were controlled for age, gender, education and eTIV. Results CA1, subiculum, presubiculum, molecular layer and fimbria showed the trend toward significant volume reduction among four groups with the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Volume of left subiculum was most strongly and actively correlated with performance across AVLT measures. Conclusion The trend changes in the hippocampus subfields and further illustrates that SCD is the preclinical stage of AD earlier than aMCI. Future studies should aim to associate the atrophy of the hippocampal subfields in SCD with possible conversion to aMCI or AD with longitudinal design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Mudanjiang Medical University Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xuetong Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Changhao Yin
- Department of Neurology, Mudanjiang Medical University Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Mengfei He
- Department of Neurology, Mudanjiang Medical University Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Shuyu Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Alzheimer Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
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24
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Cell-Type-Specific Changes in Intrinsic Excitability in the Subiculum following Learning and Exposure to Novel Environmental Contexts. eNeuro 2019; 5:eN-NWR-0484-18. [PMID: 30627661 PMCID: PMC6325565 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0484-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The subiculum is the main target of the hippocampal region CA1 and is the principle output region of the hippocampus. The subiculum is critical to learning and memory, although it has been relatively understudied. There are two functional types of principle neurons within the subiculum: regular spiking (RS) and burst spiking (BS) neurons. To determine whether these cell types are differentially modified by learning-related experience, we performed whole-cell patch clamp recordings from male mouse brain slices following contextual fear conditioning (FC) and memory retrieval relative to a number of control behavioral paradigms. RS cells, but not BS cells, displayed a greater degree of experience-related plasticity in intrinsic excitability measures [afterhyperpolarization (AHP), input resistance (Rinput), current required to elicit a spike], with fear conditioned animals having generally more excitable RS cells compared to naïve controls. Furthermore, we found that the relative proportion of RS to BS neurons is modified by the type of exposure, with the lowest proportion of BS subicular cells occurring in animals that underwent contextual FC followed by a retrieval test. These studies indicate that pyramidal neurons in the subiculum undergo experience- and learning-related plasticity in intrinsic properties in a cell-type-specific manner. As BS and RS cells are thought to convey distinct types of information, this plasticity may be particularly important in encoding, consolidating, and recalling spatial information by modulating information flow from the hippocampus to cortical regions.
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25
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Korkmaz OT, Ay H, Aytan N, Carreras I, Kowall NW, Dedeoglu A, Tuncel N. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Decreases β-Amyloid Accumulation and Prevents Brain Atrophy in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 68:389-396. [PMID: 30498985 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extracellular deposits of fibrillary β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques in the brain that initiate an inflammatory process resulting in neurodegeneration. The neuronal loss associated with AD results in gross atrophy of affected regions causing a progressive loss of cognitive ability and memory function, ultimately leading to dementia. Growing evidence suggests that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) could be beneficial for various neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. The study investigated the effects of VIP on 5xFAD, a transgenic mouse model of AD. Toward this aim, we used 20 5xFAD mice in two groups (n = 10 each), VIP-treated (25 ng/kg i.p. injection, three times per week) and saline-treated (the drug's vehicle) following the same administration regimen. Treatment started at 1 month of age and ended 2 months later. After 2 months of treatment, the mice were euthanized, their brains dissected out, and immunohistochemically stained for Aβ40 and Aβ42 on serial sections. Then, plaque analysis and stereological morphometric analysis were performed in different brain regions. Chronic VIP administration in 5xFAD mice significantly decreased the levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 plaques in the subiculum compared to the saline treated 5xFAD mice. VIP treatment also significantly decreased Aβ40 and Aβ42 plaques in cortical areas and significantly increased the hippocampus/cerebrum and corpus callosum/cerebrum ratio but not the cerebral cortex/cerebrum ratio. In summary, we found that chronic administration of VIP significantly decreased Aβ plaques and preserved against atrophy for related brain regions in 5xFAD AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Tansel Korkmaz
- Research and Development, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey. .,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Odunpazari, 26040, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Ay
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Nurgul Aytan
- Research and Development, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Isabel Carreras
- Research and Development, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Neil W Kowall
- Research and Development, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Alpaslan Dedeoglu
- Research and Development, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Department of Radiology, MGH and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Nese Tuncel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey
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26
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Lladó A, Tort-Merino A, Sánchez-Valle R, Falgàs N, Balasa M, Bosch B, Castellví M, Olives J, Antonell A, Hornberger M. The hippocampal longitudinal axis-relevance for underlying tau and TDP-43 pathology. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 70:1-9. [PMID: 29935415 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that hippocampus has different cortical connectivity and functionality along its longitudinal axis. We sought to elucidate the possible different pattern of atrophy in longitudinal axis of hippocampus between Amyloid/Tau pathology and TDP-43-pathies. Seventy-three presenile subjects were included: Amyloid/Tau group (33 Alzheimer's disease with confirmed cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] biomarkers), probable TDP-43 group (7 semantic variant progressive primary aphasia, 5 GRN and 2 C9orf72 mutation carriers) and 26 healthy controls. We conducted a region-of-interest voxel-based morphometry analysis on the hippocampal longitudinal axis, by contrasting the groups, covarying with CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, total tau, p-tau) and covarying with episodic memory scores. Amyloid/Tau pathology affected mainly posterior hippocampus while anterior left hippocampus was more atrophied in probable TDP-43-pathies. We also observed a significant correlation of posterior hippocampal atrophy with Alzheimer's disease CSF biomarkers and visual memory scores. Taken together, these data suggest that there is a potential differentiation along the hippocampal longitudinal axis based on the underlying pathology, which could be used as a potential biomarker to identify the underlying pathology in different neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Lladó
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Adrià Tort-Merino
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Falgàs
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mircea Balasa
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Global Brain Heath Institute Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Beatriz Bosch
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magda Castellví
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Olives
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Antonell
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Hornberger
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
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Novellino F, Vasta R, Sarica A, Chiriaco C, Salsone M, Morelli M, Arabia G, Saccà V, Nicoletti G, Quattrone A. Relationship between Hippocampal Subfields and Category Cued Recall in AD and PDD: A Multimodal MRI Study. Neuroscience 2018; 371:506-517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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