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Gjedde A. Editorial: Nicotine and its derivatives in disorders of cognition: a challenging new topic of study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1252705. [PMID: 37534040 PMCID: PMC10393245 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1252705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
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Vatandoust SM, Mahmoudi J, Oryan S, Farajdokht F, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Shotorbani SS, Xu H, Esfahani DE. Sericin improves memory and sociability impairments evoked by transient global cerebral ischemia through suppression of hippocampal oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2023; 66:209-219. [PMID: 37635480 DOI: 10.4103/cjop.cjop-d-23-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sericin (Ser) is a natural neuroactive macromolecule with diverse pharmacological properties, and our previous findings have shown its neuroprotective potentials. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of Ser on cognitive dysfunction induced by transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (tGI/R) and its mechanism of action. The tGI/R was induced in BALB/c mice by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries for two 5 min followed by a 10-min reperfusion period. After 24 h, mice were treated with normal saline or different doses of Ser (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) for 10 days. Cognitive performances were assessed using the Barnes maze and social interaction tasks. Oxidative stress markers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) were assessed in the hippocampus. Markers of apoptosis (pro- and cleaved caspase-9 and 3, Bax, and Bcl-2) were assessed by Western blotting. Besides, transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay was used to detect apoptotic cell death. We show here that Ser administration improved tGI/R-induced cognitive deficits, enhanced the activity of SOD and GPx, increased TAC levels, while reduced MDA levels. Notably, Ser decreased neuronal apoptotic cell death in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) region, accompanied by suppression of neuroinflammation, downregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins (caspase-9, caspases-3, and Bax), and upregulation of anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2. Taken together, Ser administration protected hippocampal neurons from apoptotic cell death by impeding oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and, in turn, improved cognitive function in the tGI/R mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mehdi Vatandoust
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Oryan
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siamak Sandoghchian Shotorbani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University of Medical Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Delaram Eslimi Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Coenzyme Q10 ameliorates aging-induced memory deficits via modulation of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitophagy in aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2022; 168:111950. [PMID: 36089173 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The behavioral effects and molecular signaling mechanisms of Coenzyme Q10 (Q10) in age-related memory impairment are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Q10 on memory impairment, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitophagy in aged rats. 40 aged (24 months old) and 10 young (3 months old) male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following groups (n = 10/group): young + vehicle, aged + vehicle, and aged + Q10 (at 100, 200, 300 mg/kg/day doses). Treatments were administrated orally by gavage for 2 weeks. The novel object recognition test was used to assess episodic memory. Oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitophagy-related protein expressions were measured in the hippocampus. We found that Q10 reversed aging-induced memory impairment at the dose of 300 mg/kg. Moreover, aging was associated with a reduction in ATP production, decrease in mitophagy-related proteins (PINK, Parkin, and P62 levels and LC3II/I ratio), excessive generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis in the hippocampus, which were partially reversed following oral administration of Q10. These findings indicate the therapeutic potential of Q10 in aging-induced memory decline.
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Neuroprotective effect of low-dose paracetamol treatment against cognitive dysfunction in d-galactose-induced aging mice. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11108. [PMID: 36281406 PMCID: PMC9586893 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is closely associated to several deleterious conditions and cognitive impairment. Administration of low-dose paracetamol (APAP) has previously been reported to improve cognitive performance in both human and animal studies. However, the altered cognitive effects of low-dose APAP treatment in the aging brain have not been elucidated. Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine whether low-dose APAP treatment improves cognitive dysfunction in a d-galactose (d-gal)-induced aging model. Materials and methods APAP (15 and 50 mg/kg p.o.) and vitamin E (Vit E 100 mg/kg p.o.) were administered once daily to d-gal-injected mice (200 mg/kg s.c.) for 6 weeks. The elevated plus maze (EPM), open field, novel object recognition (NOR), and Morris water maze (MWM) tests, respectively, were used to measure altered neurobehavioral functions, including anxiety-like behavior and exploratory locomotor activity, as well as learning and memory performance. The gene transcription of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling in brain tissues was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Compared to the control, d-gal significantly decreased exploratory locomotor activity and NOR and MWM performance but did not significantly change the activity in the EPM test. However, APAP50 and Vit E significantly reversed the effects of d-gal injection on exploratory locomotor activity. In addition, low-dose APAP (15 and 50 mg/kg) and Vit E significantly improved the reduction in NOR and MWM performance induced by d-gal. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the mRNA expression of BDNF, neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK), which is the gene coding TrkB receptor, and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) was significantly decreased in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of the d-gal mice. However, APAP50 and Vit E significantly increased BDNF and NTRK mRNA expression in both the frontal cortex and the hippocampus. A lower dose of APAP (15 mg/kg) significantly elevated the mRNA expression of NTRK, but only in the hippocampus. Moreover, APAP50 significantly increased CREB mRNA expression in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Conclusion Low-dose APAP treatment has a neuroprotective effect on cognitive dysfunction in the d-gal aging model, and the underlying molecular mechanisms depend on the activation of BDNF/TrkB signaling.
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Guo L, Cao J, Cheng D, Dong H, You L, Sun Y, Ding Y, Chai Y. Gallic acid ameliorates thymic involution via activating Sox2 and Nanog. Scand J Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhengzhou University 450001 Zhengzhou Henan China
- Department of Radiation Medical Protection, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment School of Military Preventive Medicine Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an,710000 China
| | - Jia‐hui Cao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhengzhou University 450001 Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Deng‐wei Cheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhengzhou University 450001 Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Han Dong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhengzhou University 450001 Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Li You
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhengzhou University 450001 Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhengzhou University 450001 Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhengzhou University 450001 Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Yu‐rong Chai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhengzhou University 450001 Zhengzhou Henan China
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Yang SP, Su Q, Zhang YR, Sun Y, Chai YR. Metformin ameliorates thymus degeneration of mice by regulating mitochondrial function. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108744. [PMID: 35395467 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As the main lymphoid organ, the thymus degenerates with age. The loss of thymic epithelial cells is mainly related to thymus degeneration and reduced T cells development. As an insulin sensitizer, metformin is a first-line drug for the treatment of diabetes and has been shown to prolong the lifespan of mice, but the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we explored the therapeutic effect of metformin on thymus degeneration in the accelerated aging mice, which was established by intraperitoneal injection D-galactose (120 mg/kg/day) for eight weeks. Metformin was intragastrically given with 100 or 300 mg/kg body weight per day, respectively, for six weeks. Histological examination showed that metformin administration could alleviate thymus atrophy caused by D-galactose. In addition, metformin therapy increased mitochondrial membrane potential, with a reduction in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, MDA and SOD levels, and restored mitochondrial balance through enhanced expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). Furthermore, metformin altered T lymphocyte subsets and cellular senescent cells; the expression of FoxN1, Aire and Sox2 of thymic epithelial cells also increased. Thus, metformin presented a positive effect on thymic degeneration through improving mitochondrial function. Taken together, these findings revealed an unexpected complexity in the anti-aging of this widely used drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Ya-Ru Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Yu-Rong Chai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China.
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NRM 2021 Abstract Booklet. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:11-309. [PMID: 34905986 PMCID: PMC8851538 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211061050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Majdi A, Sadigh‐Eteghad S, Gjedde A. Effects of transdermal nicotine delivery on cognitive outcomes: A meta-analysis. Acta Neurol Scand 2021; 144:179-191. [PMID: 33899218 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE By the association of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain, nicotine in the therapeutic window lowers neuronal damage and raises protective factors. These data, however, are contradicted by other findings. Here, we assessed the effects of transdermal nicotine administration on cognitive functions in healthy non-smoker adults by systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. METHODS We included reports of clinical trials comparing the effects of nicotine patches with placebo in healthy non-smoking adults. The main outcome was the impact of nicotine patches on overall cognitive function with a focus on attention and memory. Standard meta-analytic and statistical methods measured the effect of transdermal nicotine compared with placebo patches. RESULTS We included 31 publications involving 978 subjects. Nicotine patches boosted cognitive function in healthy adults (0.233 SMD, 95%CI, 0.111-0.355, p < .001). Overall heterogeneity of the studies was found to be modest (ϰ2 = 68.24, T2 = 0.07, I2 = 50.17%, p < .001). Also, nicotine patches improved attention (0.231 SMD, 95%CI, 0.106-0.356, p < .001). We found the inter-study heterogeneity to be low (ϰ2 = 40.95, T2 = 0.03, I2 = 34.07%, p = .042). Further, the enhancement of memory by transdermal nicotine did not reach statistical significance in normal subjects (0.270 SMD, 95% CI, -0.293-0.833, p = .347). Also, high inter-study heterogeneity was found among studies (ϰ2 = 27.25, T2 = 0.43, I2 = 77.98%, p < .001). CONCLUSION The meta-analysis showed that transdermal nicotine had statistically significant positive effects on attention, and non-significant effects on memory, in healthy non-smoking adults. The results encourage further studies of the therapeutic potential of nicotine patches in disorders of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Albert Gjedde
- Neurosciences Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Clinical Research Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill University Montreal QC Canada
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Antioxidant Effect of Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharides in D-Galactose-Induced Heart Aging Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6688855. [PMID: 33860051 PMCID: PMC8024086 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6688855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSP), the extract of Polygonatum sibiricum, are demonstrated to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. A recent study reported that PSP alleviated the aging of the kidney and meninges. However, the effect of PSP on heart aging remains unclear. The present study is aimed at investigating the protection of PSP on D-galactose- (D-gal-) induced heart aging. Results showed that irregularly arranged cardiac muscle fibers were observed in heart tissues of D-gal-treated mice, and the levels of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), creatine kinase (CK), p21, and p53 were increased after D-gal treatment. D-gal-induced heart aging and injury can be attenuated by oral administration of PSP. Moreover, PSP also decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the hearts of D-gal-treated mice. DNA damages and lipid peroxidation induced by oxidative stress were also inhibited by PSP as indicated by reduced levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE). Collectively, PSP attenuated D-gal-induced heart aging via inhibiting oxidative stress, suggesting that PSP might serve as a potential effective Chinese herbal active constituent for antiaging therapy.
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Boiangiu RS, Mihasan M, Gorgan DL, Stache BA, Hritcu L. Anxiolytic, Promnesic, Anti-Acetylcholinesterase and Antioxidant Effects of Cotinine and 6-Hydroxy-L-Nicotine in Scopolamine-Induced Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:212. [PMID: 33535660 PMCID: PMC7912787 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotinine (COT) and 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine (6HLN) are two nicotinic derivatives that possess cognitive-improving abilities and antioxidant properties in different rodent models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), eluding the side-effects of nicotine (NIC), the parent molecule. In the current study, we evaluated the impact of COT and 6HLN on memory deterioration, anxiety, and oxidative stress in the scopolamine (SCOP)-induced zebrafish model of AD. For this, COT and 6HLN were acutely administered by immersion to zebrafish that were treated with SCOP before testing. The memory performances were assessed in Y-maze and object discrimination (NOR) tasks, while the anxiety-like behavior was evaluated in the novel tank diving test (NTT). The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidative stress were measured from brain samples. The RT-qPCR analysis was used to evaluate the npy, egr1, bdnf, and nrf2a gene expression. Our data indicated that both COT and 6HLN attenuated the SCOP-induced anxiety-like behavior and memory impairment and reduced the oxidative stress and AChE activity in the brain of zebrafish. Finally, RT-qPCR analysis indicated that COT and 6HLN increased the npy, egr1, bdnf, and nrf2a gene expression. Therefore, COT and 6HLN could be used as tools for improving AD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Stefan Boiangiu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (M.M.); (D.L.G.); (B.A.S.)
| | | | | | | | - Lucian Hritcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (M.M.); (D.L.G.); (B.A.S.)
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Wei TT, Li MJ, Guo L, Xie YD, Chen WH, Sun Y, Liu GH, Ding Y, Chai YR. Resveratrol ameliorates thymus senescence changes in D-galactose induced mice. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:620-629. [PMID: 32691886 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The thymic microenvironment plays an important role in the development of T cells. A decrease of thymic epithelial cells is the main cause of age-related thymic atrophy or degeneration. Resveratrol (RSV), a phytoalexin produced from plants, has been shown to inhibit the adverse effects of dietary obesity on the structure and function of the thymus. D-Galactose (D-gal) can induce accelerated aging in mice. In the present study, young mice (2 months old) were injected with D-gal (120 mg/kg/day) for 8 consecutive weeks to construct an accelerated aging model. Compared with normal control mice, the thymus epithelium of the D-gal treated mice had structural changes, the number of senescent cells increased, the number of CD4+ T cells decreased, and CD8+ T cells increased. After RSV administration by gavage for 6 weeks, it was found that RSV improved the surface phenotypes of D-gal treated mice, and recovered thymus function by maintaining the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cells. It also indicated that RSV enhanced the cell proliferation and inhibited cell senescence. Increased autoimmune regulator (Aire) expression was present in the RSV treated mice. The lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTβR) expression also increased. These findings suggested that RSV intake could restore the alterations caused by D-gal treatment in the thymus via stimulation of Aire expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Wei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Meng-Jie Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan-Dong Xie
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Wen-Hui Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Guo-Hong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yu-Rong Chai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Ghazizadeh J, Hamedeyazdan S, Torbati M, Farajdokht F, Fakhari A, Mahmoudi J, Araj-Khodaei M, Sadigh-Eteghad S. Melissa officinalis L. hydro-alcoholic extract inhibits anxiety and depression through prevention of central oxidative stress and apoptosis. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:707-720. [PMID: 32003913 DOI: 10.1113/ep088254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? How does an extract of Melissa officinalis L. ameliorate anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour of mice? What is the main finding and its importance? An extract of Melissa officinalis L. possessed anxiolytic and anti-depressant effects, which could mainly be mediated through its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effects of a hydro-alcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis (HAEMO) on anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours, oxidative stress and apoptosis markers in restraint stress-exposed mice. In order to induce a depression-like model, mice were subjected to restraint stress (3 h day-1 for 14 days) and received normal saline or HAEMO (50, 75 and 150 mg kg-1 day-1 ) for 14 days. The administered doses of HAEMO were designated based on the concentration of one of the main phenolic compounds present in the extract, rosmarinic acid (2.55 mg kg-1 at lowest dose); other phytochemical analyses including assays for antioxidant activity, total phenols and flavonoids were also carried out. The behavioural changes in an open field task, elevated plus maze, tail suspension and forced swimming tests were evaluated. Also, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity were assessed in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Moreover, levels of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase 3 in the brain as well as serum concentration of corticosterone were evaluated. HAEMO (75 and 150 mg kg-1 ) significantly reversed anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours. Also, HAEMO reduced MDA levels, enhanced enzymatic antioxidant activities and restored serum levels of corticosterone. An immunoblotting analysis also demonstrated that HAEMO decreased levels of pro-apoptotic markers and increased anti-apoptotic protein levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of restraint stress-exposed mice. Our findings suggested that HAEMO reduced inflammation and had anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Ghazizadeh
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Persian medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Hamedeyazdan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Torbati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Fakhari
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Araj-Khodaei
- Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Persian medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Guo L, Cao JH, Wei TT, Li JH, Feng YK, Wang LP, Sun Y, Chai YR. Gallic acid attenuates thymic involution in the d-galactose induced accelerated aging mice. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151870. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Goat milk attenuates mimetic aging related memory impairment via suppressing brain oxidative stress, neurodegeneration and modulating neurotrophic factors in D-galactose-induced aging model. Biogerontology 2019; 21:203-216. [PMID: 31792648 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the most significant hallmarks of aging is cognitive decline. D-galactose administration may impair memory and mimic the effects of natural aging. In this study, the efficiency of goat milk to protect against memory decline was tested. Fifty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: (i) control group, (ii) goat milk treated group, (iii) D-galactose treated group, and (iv) goat milk plus D-galactose treated group. Subcutaneous injections of D-galactose at 120 mg/kg and oral administrations of goat milk at 1 g/kg were chosen for the study. Goat milk and D-galactose were administered concomitantly for 6 weeks, while the control group received saline. After 6 weeks, novel object recognition and T-maze tests were performed to evaluate memory of rats. Following behavioral tests, the animals were sacrificed, and right brain homogenates were analyzed for levels of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and neurotrophic factors. The left brain hemisphere was used for histological study of prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. There was a significant memory impairment, an increase in oxidative stress and neurodegeneration and a reduction in antioxidant enzymes and neurotrophic factors levels in the brain of D-galactose treated rats compared to controls. Goat milk treatment attenuated memory impairment induced by D-galactose via suppressing oxidative stress and neuronal damage and increasing neurotrophic factors levels, thereby suggesting its potential role as a geroprotective food.
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Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Effect of Echium amoenum in Restraint Stress Model: The Role of Neuroinflammation in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.95438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Hosseini L, Farokhi-Sisakht F, Badalzadeh R, Khabbaz A, Mahmoudi J, Sadigh-Eteghad S. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide and Melatonin Alleviate Aging-induced Cognitive Impairment via Modulation of Mitochondrial Function and Apoptosis in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus. Neuroscience 2019; 423:29-37. [PMID: 31678348 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Given the fact that both melatonin and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) act as pleiotropic agents in various age-related cognitive disorders, we aimed to investigate the effect of these compounds separately and together on the cognitive outcomes, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis in aged rats. Forty old and ten young (24 and 3 months old, respectively) male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups: Young+Normal saline (NS), Aged+NS, Aged+Melatonin, Aged+NMN, and Aged+melatonin+NMN. Melatonin (10 mg/kg) and NMN (100 mg/kg) were administered, separately or in combination for 28 every other day in aged animals. The Barnes maze and novel object recognition test were used to assess spatial and episodic-like memories, respectively. Also, apoptosis and alterations in mitochondrial function including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP levels as well as mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed in both prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP) regions. Behavioral results revealed that NMN and melatonin separately or in combination, alleviate aging-induced memory impairment. Moreover, agents' co-administration declined mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cell count both in PFC and HIP regions. The agents separately or in combination (more potent) could induce neuroprotective effect and improve learning and memory in aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hosseini
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aytak Khabbaz
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Effects of Geraniol in Mice: The Possible Role of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.91593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ellagic acid dose and time-dependently abrogates d-galactose-induced animal model of aging: Investigating the role of PPAR-γ. Life Sci 2019; 232:116595. [PMID: 31238053 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The world's population is becoming aged and the proportion of older persons is growing in almost every country in the world. Ellagic acid (EA) shows abundant pharmacological properties. Therefore, we aimed to determine the mechanism of anti-aging effects of low and high doses of EA. MAIN METHODS Aging model was induced by d-galactose (DG), and the anti-aging effect of EA alone or in the presence of PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662, and in combination with metformin were evaluated. The activities of ALT, AST, and AChE, the levels of FBS, HbA1c, testosterone and DHEA-SO4, MDA, GSH, TNF-α, IL-6, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and BDNF were measured in serum, liver or brain. KEY FINDINGS DG led to increasing in the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, AChE, AGEs, ALT, AST, FBS, and HbA1c, in which decrease in the levels of body weight, GSH, BDNF, DHEA-SO4 and testosterone. Metformin (300 mg/kg) abrogated the effects of DG-induced aging model. We also found that the low dose of EA (30 mg/kg) decreases the deteriorative effects of DG-induced aging at 10 weeks of treatment only, however, high dose of EA (100 mg/kg) was effective at both 6 and 10 weeks of treatment. The addition of GW9662 completely reversed the effects of the low dose of EA, but not for the high dose, on DG-induced aging model. SIGNIFICANCE We revealed that daily and oral administration of EA provides anti-aging effects at low dose in a PPAR-γ receptor-dependent fashion, but not at the high dose.
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Zhang Z, Yang H, Yang J, Xie J, Xu J, Liu C, Wu C. Pseudoginsenoside-F11 attenuates cognitive impairment by ameliorating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in d‑galactose-treated mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 67:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Majdi A, Kamari F, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Gjedde A. Molecular Insights Into Memory-Enhancing Metabolites of Nicotine in Brain: A Systematic Review. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1002. [PMID: 30697142 PMCID: PMC6341027 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The alleged procognitive effects of nicotine and its metabolites in brain are controversial. Objective: Here, we review the pharmacologically active metabolites of nicotine in brain and their effects on neuronal mechanisms involving two main cognitive domains, i.e., learning and memory. Methods: We searched Embase, Medline via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for entries no later than May 2018, and restricted the search to articles about nicotine metabolites and cognitive behavior or cognitive mechanisms. Results: The initial search yielded 425 articles, of which 17 were eligible for inclusion after application of exclusion criteria. Of these, 13 were experimental, two were clinical, and two were conference papers. Conclusions: The results revealed three pharmacologically active biotransformations of nicotine in the brain, including cotinine, norcotinine, and nornicotine, among which cotinine and nornicotine both had a procognitive impact without adverse effects. The observed effect was significant only for cotinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzin Kamari
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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