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Zhang Y, Borch LA, Fischer NH, Meldal M. Hydrodynamic Control of Alzheimer Aβ Fibrillation with Glucosaminic Acid Containing Click-Cyclized β-Bodies. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2654-2662. [PMID: 38126710 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that the dynamic hydration shell plays a vital role in macromolecular functions such as protein-ligand, protein-protein, protein-DNA, and protein-lipid interactions. Here we investigate how the water modality affects conformational changes, solubility, and motion of fibrillar proteins. The hypothesis is that the introduction of a poly hydroxyl amino acid would increase solvation of the fibril forming peptides, preventing their misfolding and aggregation. For the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, which is considered to be connected with nervous system diseases, including dementia and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease, the formation of β-sheet fibrils always occurs with a conformational change and a decrease in the dynamic hydration shell around Aβ(1-42). We present novel cyclic d-amino acid peptides that effectively inhibit fibrillation through affecting the dynamic hydration shell of Aβ(1-42) in vitro. Using de novo design within the software Molecular Operating Environment (MOE), five different peptides that recognize Alzheimer's fibrils were designed and synthesized. Three of them were cyclic all-d-amino acid peptides incorporating the same polyhydroxy building block derived from d-glucosaminic acid (GA). One peptide was the parent cyclic all d-amino acid inhibitor with no GA incorporated, and another was an all l-amino acid linear fibrillation inhibitor. The GA-containing peptides were found to show significantly improved inhibition of Aβ(1-42) aggregation. The inhibition was dramatically improved by the synergistic application of two GA peptides targeting each end of the growing fibril. The present study may facilitate future developments of intervention strategies for Alzheimer's disease and similar neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line A Borch
- Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niklas H Fischer
- Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Meldal
- Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Stone J, Mitrofanis J, Johnstone DM, Robinson SR. The Catastrophe of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Drives the Capillary-Hemorrhage Dementias, Including Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1069-1081. [PMID: 38217606 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
This review advances an understanding of several dementias, based on four premises. One is that capillary hemorrhage is prominent in the pathogenesis of the dementias considered (dementia pugilistica, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, traumatic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease). The second premise is that hemorrhage introduces four neurotoxic factors into brain tissue: hypoxia of the tissue that has lost its blood supply, hemoglobin and its breakdown products, excitotoxic levels of glutamate, and opportunistic pathogens that can infect brain cells and induce a cytotoxic immune response. The third premise is that where organisms evolve molecules that are toxic to itself, like the neurotoxicity ascribed to hemoglobin, amyloid- (A), and glutamate, there must be some role for the molecule that gives the organism a selection advantage. The fourth is the known survival-advantage roles of hemoglobin (oxygen transport), of A (neurotrophic, synaptotrophic, detoxification of heme, protective against pathogens) and of glutamate (a major neurotransmitter). From these premises, we propose 1) that the brain has evolved a multi-factor response to intracerebral hemorrhage, which includes the expression of several protective molecules, including haptoglobin, hemopexin and A; and 2) that it is logical, given these premises, to posit that the four neurotoxic factors set out above, which are introduced into the brain by hemorrhage, drive the progression of the capillary-hemorrhage dementias. In this view, A expressed at the loci of neuronal death in these dementias functions not as a toxin but as a first responder, mitigating the toxicity of hemoglobin and the infection of the brain by opportunistic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stone
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Fonds de Dotation, Clinatec, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel M Johnstone
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen R Robinson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
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3
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Piotrowski SL, Tucker A, Jacobson S. The elusive role of herpesviruses in Alzheimer's disease: current evidence and future directions. NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 2023; 2:253-266. [PMID: 38013835 PMCID: PMC10474380 DOI: 10.1515/nipt-2023-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. While pathologic hallmarks, such as extracellular beta-amyloid plaques, are well-characterized in affected individuals, the pathogenesis that causes plaque formation and eventual cognitive decline is not well understood. A recent resurgence of the decades-old "infectious hypothesis" has garnered increased attention on the potential role that microbes may play in AD. In this theory, it is thought that pathogens such as viruses may act as seeds for beta-amyloid aggregation, ultimately leading to plaques. Interest in the infectious hypothesis has also spurred further investigation into additional characteristics of viral infection that may play a role in AD progression, such as neuroinflammation, latency, and viral DNA integration. While a flurry of research in this area has been recently published, with herpesviruses being of particular interest, the role of pathogens in AD remains controversial. In this review, the insights gained thus far into the possible role of herpesviruses in AD are summarized. The challenges and potential future directions of herpesvirus research in AD and dementia are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L. Piotrowski
- Viral Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Comparative Biomedical Scientist Training Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Allison Tucker
- Viral Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven Jacobson
- Viral Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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4
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Alves F, Kalinowski P, Ayton S. Accelerated Brain Volume Loss Caused by Anti-β-Amyloid Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neurology 2023; 100:e2114-e2124. [PMID: 36973044 PMCID: PMC10186239 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate brain volume changes caused by different subclasses of anti-β-amyloid (Aβ) drugs trailed in patients with Alzheimer disease. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for clinical trials of anti-Aβ drugs. This systematic review and meta-analysis included adults enrolled in randomized controlled trials of anti-Aβ drugs (n = 8,062-10,279). The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) randomized controlled trials of patients treated with anti-Aβ drugs that have demonstrated to favorably change at least one biomarker of pathologic Aβ and (2) detailed MRI data sufficient to assess the volumetric changes in at least one brain region. MRI brain volumes were used as the primary outcome measure; brain regions commonly reported include hippocampus, lateral ventricle, and whole brain. Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIAs) were investigated when reported in clinical trials. Of the 145 trials reviewed, 31 were included in the final analyses. RESULTS A meta-analysis on the highest dose of each trial on hippocampus, ventricle, and whole brain revealed drug-induced acceleration of volume changes that varied by anti-Aβ drug class. Secretase inhibitors accelerated atrophy to the hippocampus (Δ placebo - Δ drug: -37.1 µL [19.6% more than placebo]; 95% CI -47.0 to -27.1) and whole brain (Δ placebo - Δ drug: -3.3 mL [21.8% more than placebo]; 95% CI -4.1 to 2.5). Conversely, ARIA-inducing monoclonal antibodies accelerated ventricular enlargement (Δ placebo - Δ drug: +2.1 mL [38.7% more than placebo]; 95% CI 1.5-2.8) where a striking correlation between ventricular volume and ARIA frequency was observed (r = 0.86, p = 6.22 × 10-7). Mild cognitively impaired participants treated with anti-Aβ drugs were projected to have a material regression toward brain volumes typical of Alzheimer dementia ∼8 months earlier than if they were untreated. DISCUSSION These findings reveal the potential for anti-Aβ therapies to compromise long-term brain health by accelerating brain atrophy and provide new insight into the adverse impact of ARIA. Six recommendations emerge from these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Alves
- From the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pawel Kalinowski
- From the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott Ayton
- From the The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
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Temussi PA, Tartaglia GG, Pastore A. The seesaw between normal function and protein aggregation: How functional interactions may increase protein solubility. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100031. [PMID: 33783021 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation has been studied for at least 3 decades, and many of the principles that regulate this event are relatively well understood. Here, however, we present a different perspective to explain why proteins aggregate: we argue that aggregation may occur as a side-effect of the lack of one or more natural partners that, under physiologic conditions, would act as chaperones. This would explain why the same surfaces that have evolved for functional purposes are also those that favour aggregation. In the course of reviewing this field, we substantiate our hypothesis with three paradigmatic examples that argue for the generality of our proposal. An obvious corollary of this hypothesis is, of course, that targeting the physiological partners of a protein could be the most direct and specific approach to designing anti-aggregation molecules. Our analysis may thus inform a different strategy for combating diseases of protein aggregation and misfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Andrea Temussi
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, The Maurice Wohl Institute, London, UK
| | - Gian Gaetano Tartaglia
- Center for Human Technologies, Central RNA laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Charles Darwin Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pastore
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, The Maurice Wohl Institute, London, UK
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Too LK, Hunt N, Simunovic MP. The Role of Inflammation and Infection in Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases: Lessons From Bacterial Meningitis Applied to Alzheimer Disease and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:635486. [PMID: 33867940 PMCID: PMC8044768 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.635486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease (AD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are multifactorial and have diverse genetic and environmental risk factors. Despite the complex nature of the diseases, there is long-standing, and growing, evidence linking microbial infection to the development of AD dementia, which we summarize in this article. Also, we highlight emerging research findings that support a role for parainfection in the pathophysiology of AMD, a disease of the neurosensory retina that has been shown to share risk factors and pathological features with AD. Acute neurological infections, such as Bacterial Meningitis (BM), trigger inflammatory events that permanently change how the brain functions, leading to lasting cognitive impairment. Neuroinflammation likewise is a known pathological event that occurs in the early stages of chronic age-related neurodegenerative diseases AD and AMD and might be triggered as a parainfectious event. To date, at least 16 microbial pathogens have been linked to the development of AD; on the other hand, investigation of a microbe-AMD relationship is in its infancy. This mini-review article provides a synthesis of existing evidence indicating a contribution of parainfection in the aetiology of AD and of emerging findings that support a similar process in AMD. Subsequently, it describes the major immunopathological mechanisms that are common to BM and AD/AMD. Together, this evidence leads to our proposal that both AD and AMD may have an infectious aetiology that operates through a dysregulated inflammatory response, leading to deleterious outcomes. Last, it draws fresh insights from the existing literature about potential therapeutic options for BM that might alleviate neurological disruption associated with infections, and which could, by extension, be explored in the context of AD and AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lay Khoon Too
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas Hunt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew P. Simunovic
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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7
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Urbanc B. Cross-Linked Amyloid β-Protein Oligomers: A Missing Link in Alzheimer's Disease Pathology? J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:1307-1316. [PMID: 33440940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) oligomers are broadly viewed as the proximate mediators of toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies, however, provide substantial evidence that Aβ is involved in protection and repair of the central nervous system whereby Aβ oligomer and subsequent fibril formation are integral to its normal antimicrobial and antiviral function. These developments raise a question of what exactly makes Aβ oligomers toxic in the context of AD. This Perspective describes a paradigm shift in the search for toxic Aβ oligomer species that involves oxidative-stress-induced stabilization of Aβ oligomers via cross-linking and reviews most recent research elucidating structural aspects of cross-linked Aβ oligomers and potential inhibition of their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigita Urbanc
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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8
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Ayton S, Bush AI. β-amyloid: The known unknowns. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 65:101212. [PMID: 33188924 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands out as a major disease without any form of preventative or disease modifying therapy. This is not for lack of trying. 33 phase 3 clinical trials of drugs targeting amyloid beta (Aβ) have failed to slow cognitive decline in AD. The field is at a cross-roads about whether to continue anti-Aβ therapy or more actively pursue alternative targets. With the burden of this disease to patients, families, and healthcare budgets growing yearly, the need for disease modifying AD therapies has become one of the highest priorities in all of medicine. While pathology, genetic and biochemical data offer a popular narrative for the causative role of Aβ, there are alternative explanations, and dissenting findings that, now more than ever, warrant thorough reanalysis. This review questions the major assumptions about Aβ on which therapies for AD were premised, and invites renewed interrogation into AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
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9
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Abstract
The cause of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is poorly understood. In 1991, the amyloid hypothesis postulated that β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation is a key element. It follows that clearing the brain of Aβ would be beneficial, which has not been the case. Therefore, Aβ is likely a result, not a cause, of AD and may be protective rather than harmful. The apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for AD. Klotho (KL), encoded by the KL gene, may be another AD-related protein. FGF21 is a circulating endocrine hormone, mainly secreted by the liver, mostly during fasting. FGF21 acts by binding to its receptor FGFR1 and co-receptor β-klotho. FGF21 is neuroprotective and could delay onset of AD. In the present study, the KL protein structure was examined to determine whether it may interact with Aβ. Protein data bank (pdb) entries for klotho and Aβ were searched on the RCSB Protein Data Bank for β-KL and AD amyloid β-peptide. The protein structures were superimposed and aligned on PYMOL v2.3.4 with the super command, which super aligns two protein selections. To evaluate the conservation and alignment of the Aβ and KL genomes across species, BLAT, the Blast-Like Alignment Tool of the UCSC Genome Browser, was used. The amino acid residues phe76-val96 of KL aligned closely with residues asp7-asn27 of Aβ. Cross-species comparison of KL revealed a high degree of alignment and conservation in the chimp and 27 other primates; however, less alignment and conservation were observed in the mouse, dog and elephant, even less in the chicken, western clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis), zebrafish and lamprey. The current finding of amino acid residues phe76-val96 of klotho aligning closely with residues asp7-asn27 of Aβ suggests that Aβ can enhance the ability of klotho to draw FGF21 to regions of incipient neurodegeneration in AD. The problem arises with age. Older individuals do not heal or repair tissue damage as well as younger individuals. As neurodegeneration advances in an older individual, perhaps caused by neuroinflammation related to herpes simplex virus type 1, increasing amounts of amyloid are produced, forming an adhesive web, as the brain tries to hold the pathologic process in check. Meanwhile, the damage increases and spreads. Progressive neurodegeneration and cognitive decline are the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Lehrer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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10
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Lehrer S, Rheinstein PH. Alignment of Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid-β Peptide and Herpes Simplex Virus-1 pUL15 C-Terminal Nuclease Domain. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:373-377. [PMID: 33163898 PMCID: PMC7592838 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The cause of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is poorly understood. Neurotropic microbes, particularly herpesviruses, might set off chronic neuroinflammation. Amyloid-β (Aβ) has antimicrobial properties and could represent a brain defense against infection. Objective: We searched for protein sequence alignment between herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) HSV-2, and Aβ. Methods: Protein data bank (pdb) structures for Aβ, HSV-1, and HSV-2 were searched on the RCSB Protein Data Bank. The protein structures were superimposed and aligned on PYMOL v 2.3.4. Results: For HSV-1 and Aβ, amino acid residues ser549 – his569 of HSV-1 aligned closely with residues asp7 - asn27 of Aβ. For HSV-2 and Aβ, amino acid residues of HSV-2 aligned less closely than those of HSV-1 with residues of Aβ. Conclusion: Conjugating and binding to the same alpha helix in the HSV-1 protease, Aβ could be marking HSV-1 for attack by the immune system, providing a rapid inherited immune response to a destructive neurotropic virus that would otherwise require the more time-consuming involvement of T-cells, B-cells, and the adaptive immune system. But older people do not respond to viral infections as well as younger individuals. When HSV-1 infection advances in an old person, more and more amyloid is produced, forming an adhesive web. As the brain tries to hold the pathologic process in check, neuroinflammation increases and spreads. Progressive neurodegeneration and cognitive decline are the outcome.
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11
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Meitern R, Fort J, Giraudeau M, Rattiste K, Sild E, Sepp T. Age-dependent expression of cancer-related genes in a long-lived seabird. Evol Appl 2020; 13:1708-1718. [PMID: 32821278 PMCID: PMC7428815 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of model animals like mice and rats have led to great advances in our understanding of the process of tumorigenesis, but this line of study has less to offer for understanding the mechanisms of cancer resistance. Increasing the diversity of nonmodel species from the perspective of molecular mechanisms of natural cancer resistance can lead to new insights into the evolution of protective mechanisms against neoplastic processes and to a wider understanding of natural cancer defense mechanisms. Such knowledge could then eventually be harnessed for the development of human cancer therapies. We suggest here that seabirds are promising, albeit currently completely ignored candidates for studying cancer defense mechanisms, as they have a longer maximum life span than expected from their body size and rates of energy metabolism and may have thus evolved mechanisms to limit neoplasia progression, especially at older ages. We here apply a novel, intraspecific approach of comparing old and young seabirds for improving our understanding of aging and neoplastic processes in natural settings. We used the long-lived common gulls (Larus canus) for studying the age-related pattern of expression of cancer-related genes, based on transcriptome analysis and databases of orthologues of human cancer genes. The analysis of differently expressed cancer-related genes between young and old gulls indicated that similarly to humans, age is potentially affecting cancer risk in this species. Out of eleven differentially expressed cancer-related genes between the groups, three were likely artifactually linked to cancer. The remaining eight were downregulated in old gulls compared to young ones. The downregulation of five of them could be interpreted as a mechanism suppressing neoplasia risk and three as increasing the risk. Based on these results, we suggest that old gulls differ from young ones both from the aspect of cancer susceptibility and tumor suppression at the genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Meitern
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs)UMR 7266 CNRS‐La Rochelle UniversitéLa RochelleFrance
| | | | - Kalev Rattiste
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | - Elin Sild
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Tuul Sepp
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
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12
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Özcan GG, Lim S, Leighton PLA, Allison WT, Rihel J. Sleep is bi-directionally modified by amyloid beta oligomers. eLife 2020; 9:53995. [PMID: 32660691 PMCID: PMC7360368 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted sleep is a major feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), often arising years before symptoms of cognitive decline. Prolonged wakefulness exacerbates the production of amyloid-beta (Aβ) species, a major driver of AD progression, suggesting that sleep loss further accelerates AD through a vicious cycle. However, the mechanisms by which Aβ affects sleep are unknown. We demonstrate in zebrafish that Aβ acutely and reversibly enhances or suppresses sleep as a function of oligomer length. Genetic disruptions revealed that short Aβ oligomers induce acute wakefulness through Adrenergic receptor b2 (Adrb2) and Progesterone membrane receptor component 1 (Pgrmc1), while longer Aβ forms induce sleep through a pharmacologically tractable Prion Protein (PrP) signaling cascade. Our data indicate that Aβ can trigger a bi-directional sleep/wake switch. Alterations to the brain’s Aβ oligomeric milieu, such as during the progression of AD, may therefore disrupt sleep via changes in acute signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güliz Gürel Özcan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sumi Lim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia LA Leighton
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - W Ted Allison
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jason Rihel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Simonson AW, Aronson MR, Medina SH. Supramolecular Peptide Assemblies as Antimicrobial Scaffolds. Molecules 2020; 25:E2751. [PMID: 32545885 PMCID: PMC7355828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial discovery in the age of antibiotic resistance has demanded the prioritization of non-conventional therapies that act on new targets or employ novel mechanisms. Among these, supramolecular antimicrobial peptide assemblies have emerged as attractive therapeutic platforms, operating as both the bactericidal agent and delivery vector for combinatorial antibiotics. Leveraging their programmable inter- and intra-molecular interactions, peptides can be engineered to form higher ordered monolithic or co-assembled structures, including nano-fibers, -nets, and -tubes, where their unique bifunctionalities often emerge from the supramolecular state. Further advancements have included the formation of macroscopic hydrogels that act as bioresponsive, bactericidal materials. This systematic review covers recent advances in the development of supramolecular antimicrobial peptide technologies and discusses their potential impact on future drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Simonson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Suite 122, CBE Building, University Park, PA 16802-4400, USA; (A.W.S.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Matthew R. Aronson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Suite 122, CBE Building, University Park, PA 16802-4400, USA; (A.W.S.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Scott H. Medina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Suite 122, CBE Building, University Park, PA 16802-4400, USA; (A.W.S.); (M.R.A.)
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-4400, USA
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14
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Allnutt MA, Johnson K, Bennett DA, Connor SM, Troncoso JC, Pletnikova O, Albert MS, Resnick SM, Scholz SW, De Jager PL, Jacobson S. Human Herpesvirus 6 Detection in Alzheimer's Disease Cases and Controls across Multiple Cohorts. Neuron 2020; 105:1027-1035.e2. [PMID: 31983538 PMCID: PMC7182308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between viral infection and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has long been an area of interest, but proving causality has been elusive. Several recent studies have renewed the debate concerning the role of herpesviruses, and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) in particular, in AD. We screened for HHV-6 detection across three independent AD brain repositories using (1) RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets and (2) DNA samples extracted from AD and non-AD control brains. The RNA-seq data were screened for pathogens against taxon references from over 25,000 microbes, including 118 human viruses, whereas DNA samples were probed for PCR reactivity to HHV-6A and HHV-6B. HHV-6 demonstrated little specificity to AD brains over controls by either method, whereas other viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV), were detected at comparable levels. These direct methods of viral detection do not suggest an association between HHV-6 and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Alice Allnutt
- Viral Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Kory Johnson
- Bioinformatics Section, Information Technology & Bioinformatics Program, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Alzheimer Disease Center, RUSH University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sarah M Connor
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marilyn S Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Sonja W Scholz
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Steven Jacobson
- Viral Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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15
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Waragai M, Ho G, Takamatsu Y, Wada R, Sugama S, Takenouchi T, Masliah E, Hashimoto M. Adiponectin Paradox in Alzheimer's Disease; Relevance to Amyloidogenic Evolvability? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:108. [PMID: 32194507 PMCID: PMC7065259 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN) is a multi-functional adipokine which sensitizes the insulin signals, stimulates mitochondria biogenesis, and suppresses inflammation. By virtue of these beneficial properties, APN may protect against metabolic syndrome, including obesity and type II diabetes mellitus. Since these diseases are associated with hypoadiponectinemia, it is suggested that loss of function of APN might be involved. In contrast, despite beneficial properties for cardiovascular cells, APN is detrimental in circulatory diseases, including chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Notably, such an APN paradox might also be applicable to neurodegeneration. Although APN is neuroprotective in various experimental systems, APN was shown to be associated with the severity of amyloid accumulation and cognitive decline in a recent prospective cohort study in elderly. Furthermore, Alzheimer's disease (AD) was associated with hyperadiponectinemia in many studies. Moreover, APN was sequestered by phospho-tau into the neurofibrillary tangle in the postmortem AD brains. These results collectively indicate that APN might increase the risk of AD. In this context, the objective of the present study is to elucidate the mechanism of the APN paradox in AD. Hypothetically, APN might be involved in the stimulation of the amyloidogenic evolvability in reproductive stage, which may later manifest as AD by the antagonistic pleiotropy mechanism during aging. Given the accumulating evidence that AD and CHF are mechanistically overlapped, it is further proposed that the APN paradox of AD might be converged with those of other diseases, such as CHF and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Waragai
- Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gilbert Ho
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, PCND Neuroscience Research Institute, Poway, CA, United States
| | - Yoshiki Takamatsu
- Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Wada
- Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuei Sugama
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takato Takenouchi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Division of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Makoto Hashimoto
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16
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Sun X, Nie B, Zhao S, Ai L, Chen Q, Zhang T, Pan T, Wang L, Yin X, Zhang W, Shan B, Liu H, Liang S, Wang G. Distinct relationships of amyloid-beta and tau deposition to cerebral glucose metabolic networks in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2019; 717:134699. [PMID: 31874218 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta peptides and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are the two cardinally pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, their exact roles in the mechanisms of AD progression are not well established. Given that AD is a disconnection syndrome and hypometabolism is one of its most important neurodegenerative indicators, we hypothesized amyloid-beta and tau burden may disturb the glucose metabolic network of AD. Here we investigated the relationship of these two factors to regional metabolic network properties using multimodal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging data. Participants included six groups covering from cognitively normal controls, patients with early cognitive impairment (MCI), late MCI, mild AD, moderate AD to severe AD who underwent amyloid-beta PET, tau PET and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET. Glucose metabolic network of each group was constructed and relations of amyloid-beta and tau to regional metabolic network measurements were investigated. Results revealed distinct associations of these two hallmarks to metabolic networks: amyloid-beta were positively related to metabolic network measurements at relative early phases of AD, while tau burden showed a negative relationship at late phase of AD. These results supported the notion that amyloid-beta and tau accumulation may contribute independently to mechanisms of AD. Furthermore, these findings might also provide connectivity evidence for the speculation that amyloid-beta deposition is protective to neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Binbin Nie
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shujun Zhao
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lin Ai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Luying Wang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolong Yin
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baoci Shan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Shengxiang Liang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Guihong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100071, China.
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17
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Buxbaum JN. Unravelling Alzheimer's Disease: It's Not the Whole Story, but Aβ Still Matters. FASEB J 2019; 33:9701-9705. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel N. Buxbaum
- The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla CA USA
- Protego Biopharma San Diego CA USA
- The Scintillon Institute San Diego CA USA
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